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Volumn 4, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 557-630

Lesbian historiography before the name?

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EID: 75849137750     PISSN: 10642684     EISSN: 15279375     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1215/10642684-4-4-557     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (41)
  • 1
    • 77950045711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • David M. Halperin claims that I concede this point but do not give credit to him, Michel Foucault, or John Winkler for it. Far from conceding the point concerning hierarchy, I stress it throughout the book. Furthermore, I developed it independently of Halperin, Foucault, and Winkler
    • David M. Halperin claims that I concede this point but do not give credit to him, Michel Foucault, or John Winkler for it. Far from conceding the point concerning hierarchy, I stress it throughout the book. Furthermore, I developed it independently of Halperin, Foucault, and Winkler.
  • 2
    • 80053761854 scopus 로고
    • Immaculate and Powerful: The Female in Sacred Image and Social Reality, ed. Clarissa W. Atkinson, Constance H. Buchanan, and Margaret R. Miles (Boston: Beacon)
    • See Bernadette J. Brooten, "Paul's Views on the Nature of Women and Female Homoeroticism," in Immaculate and Powerful: The Female in Sacred Image and Social Reality, ed. Clarissa W. Atkinson, Constance H. Buchanan, and Margaret R. Miles (Boston: Beacon, 1985), 61-87.
    • (1985) Paul's Views on the Nature of Women and Female Homoeroticism , pp. 61-87
    • Brooten, B.J.1
  • 3
    • 77950048029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I do not discuss original sin in the book until Augustine (fourth-fifth centuries), who invented the concept
    • I do not discuss original sin in the book until Augustine (fourth-fifth centuries), who invented the concept.
  • 4
    • 15244362809 scopus 로고
    • Relations natural and unnatural: A response to John Boswell's exegesis of Romans 1
    • Richard B. Hays, "Relations Natural and Unnatural: A Response to John Boswell's Exegesis of Romans 1," Journal of Religious Ethics 14 (1986): 191.
    • (1986) Journal of Religious Ethics , vol.14 , pp. 191
    • Hays, R.B.1
  • 9
    • 77950036553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reading strategies for biblical passages on same-sex relations
    • Deirdre J. Good, "Reading Strategies for Biblical Passages on Same-Sex Relations," Theology and Sexuality 7 (1997): 77.
    • (1997) Theology and Sexuality , vol.7 , pp. 77
    • Good, D.J.1
  • 10
    • 77950049517 scopus 로고
    • 478 U.S. 186 at 211, 196, 212
    • Bowers v. Hardwich, 478 U.S. 186 (1986) at 211, 196, 212.
    • (1986) Bowers v. Hardwich
  • 11
    • 0038022553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See the groundbreaking study on its origin by Mark D. Jordan, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • See the groundbreaking study on its origin by Mark D. Jordan, The Invention of Sodomy in Christian Theology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997).
    • (1997) The Invention of Sodomy in Christian Theology
  • 12
    • 77950056119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criminal Code secs 13-1411, 13-1412
    • Arizona Revised Statutes, Criminal Code, secs. 13-1411, 13-1412 (1997).
    • (1997) Arizona Revised Statutes
  • 13
    • 0344341390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • sec. 800.02
    • Florida Statutes, sec. 800.02 (1997).
    • (1997) Florida Statutes
  • 19
    • 77950047599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretically, of course, against nature might derive from other ancient writers, but there is no evidence that their writings had the direct impact on Christian lawmakers' views concerning homoerotic acts that Paul's teachings did. Further, the juxtaposition of against nature and abominable demonstrates a biblical framework
    • Theoretically, of course, against nature might derive from other ancient writers, but there is no evidence that their writings had the direct impact on Christian lawmakers' views concerning homoerotic acts that Paul's teachings did. Further, the juxtaposition of against nature and abominable demonstrates a biblical framework.
  • 20
    • 77950041551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brooten's response to responses
    • Note
    • Reuven Kimelman, "Brooten's Response to Responses," Brandeis Seminar on Early Judaism and Christianity, 12 February 1998. Kimelman points out that mystical thinkers have sometimes seen erotic relations as a reflection of the divine. In Jewish Zoharic mysticism, for example, sexual relations between married people on the Sabbath help unify "male-female polarity in the upper spheres." Thus for religious people something cosmic is at stake. For me, this shows that religious acceptance of same-sex love requires a rethinking of theology.
    • (1998) Brandeis Seminar on Early Judaism and Christianity
    • Kimelman, R.1
  • 21
    • 77950053522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Philo of Alexandria
    • 3.37-39, discussed in Love between Women
    • Philo of Alexandria, On the Special Laws, 3.37-39, discussed in Love between Women, 257-258
    • On the Special Laws , pp. 257-258
  • 23
    • 0003584354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2d rev. ed.R502. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press), For a representation of a boy unresponsive to (and, by implication, able to refuse the advances of) a courting man see R791 (plates after p. 118). Some Attic vase paintings include depictions of boys standing only as high as the shoulder of the older man
    • K[enneth] J. Dover, Greek Homosexuality, 2d rev. ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989), R502. For a representation of a boy unresponsive to (and, by implication, able to refuse the advances of) a courting man see R791 (plates after p. 118). Some Attic vase paintings include depictions of boys standing only as high as the shoulder of the older man.
    • (1989) Greek Homosexuality
    • Dover, K.J.1
  • 24
    • 77950041111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R520, R622.1, R480 (plates after)
    • See, e.g., Kilmer, Greek Erotica, R520, R622.1, R480 (plates after p. 146).
    • Greek Erotica , pp. 146
    • Kilmer1
  • 25
    • 0003584354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B598, R59, R196(a), R520 (plates after
    • Dover, Greek Homosexuality, B598, R59, R196(a), R520 (plates after p. 118).
    • Greek Homosexuality , pp. 118
    • Dover1
  • 26
    • 77950041332 scopus 로고
    • I 104 (92 B.C.E.), which uses p(aid)ikon (a diminutive of "child") to refer to a boy lover. Strato of Sardis (Roman-period; Anthologia graeca, 12.4) presents pederasty as beginning at the age of twelve years (W. R. Paton, ed. and trans, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press
    • See also Papyrus Tebtunis I 104 (92 B.C.E.), which uses p(aid)ikon (a diminutive of "child") to refer to a boy lover. Strato of Sardis (Roman-period; Anthologia graeca, 12.4) presents pederasty as beginning at the age of twelve years (W. R. Paton, ed. and trans., The Greek Anthology, vol. 4 [Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971], 284-85).
    • (1971) The Greek Anthology , vol.4 , pp. 284-285
    • Tebtunis, P.1
  • 27
    • 84905741168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B, discussed in Love between Women
    • Anthologia graeca, 5.206; see scholionB, discussed in Love between Women, 42.
    • Anthologia Graeca , pp. 42
  • 28
    • 28044463323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1.2.23, discussed in Love between Women
    • Seneca the Elder, Controversiae, 1.2.23, discussed in Love between Women, 43-44.
    • Controversiae , pp. 43-44
    • Seneca1
  • 29
    • 77950050147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kampen also misses the mark in regard to some of the sources by assuming the necessity of a dildo, an enlarged clitoris, or some other device
    • Kampen also misses the mark in regard to some of the sources by assuming the necessity of a dildo, an enlarged clitoris, or some other device.
  • 30
    • 85087234139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clement of Alexandria, 3.3.21.3, discussed in Love between Women, esp.322
    • Clement of Alexandria, Paedagogus, 3.3.21.3, discussed in Love between Women, 320-38, esp. 322.
    • Paedagogus , pp. 320-338
  • 31
    • 77950027864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crissatrix sive fricatrix fit et a fricatribus diligitur" (Liber Hermetis Trismegisti, 32), discussed in Love between Women, 130-31. I thank Brandeis doctoral student Naomi Jacobs for reminding me of the illustrative value of this text
    • "Crissatrix sive fricatrix fit et a fricatribus diligitur" (Liber Hermetis Trismegisti, 32), discussed in Love between Women, 130-31. I thank Brandeis doctoral student Naomi Jacobs for reminding me of the illustrative value of this text.
  • 32
    • 77950062952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Halperin's commentary in this issue of GLQ as well as his article, in The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3d ed., ed. Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth (New York: Oxford University Press, 20, in which homosexual is said to "denote nothing more than same-sex sexual relations
    • See Halperin's commentary in this issue of GLQ as well as his article "Homosexuality," in The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3d ed., ed. Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 720, in which homosexual is said to "denote nothing more than same-sex sexual relations."
    • (1996) Homosexuality , vol.7
  • 33
    • 77950047638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why are forensic, leg-Hanawalt draws on coroners' reports as well as on sources concerning orphans and childbirth to dispute Aries's claims. See also Martin and Nitschke's introduction
    • Why are forensic, leg-Hanawalt draws on coroners' reports as well as on sources concerning orphans and childbirth to dispute Aries's claims. See also Martin and Nitschke's introduction, Sozialgeschichte, 12-15.
    • Sozialgeschichte , pp. 12-15
  • 34
    • 77950031961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 27, discussed in Love between Women, 245; see also
    • Pseudo-Lucian, Erōtes, 27, discussed in Love between Women, 245; see also 54-56.
    • Erōtes , pp. 54-56
    • Lucian, P.1
  • 35
    • 77950049745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 721. Halperin, arguing that pederasty constitutes a form of disease-free same-sex coupling, believes that the medicalization of homosexuality did not occur until modern times. But Caelius Aurelianus's (fifth century) translation of the important medical writer Soranus (first/second century) demonstrates that anal penetration itself is seen as a problem (Chronicarum passionum, 4.9, secs
    • Halperin, "Homosexuality," 721. Halperin, arguing that pederasty constitutes a form of disease-free same-sex coupling, believes that the medicalization of homosexuality did not occur until modern times. But Caelius Aurelianus's (fifth century) translation of the important medical writer Soranus (first/second century) demonstrates that anal penetration itself is seen as a problem (Chronicarum passionum, 4.9, secs. 131-137
    • Homosexuality , pp. 131-137
    • Halperin1
  • 36
    • 77950052887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • on the shamefulness of anal intercourse see 4.9, sec. 131, which is attributable to Caelius rather than to Soranus, discussed in Love between Women, 148 -50). Throughout the passage Caelius assumes that the passive partner desires to be penetrated and notes that this "disease" can also afflict boys. Since Caelius does not speak of anal penetration without desire on the part of the penetrated, to argue that pederastic anal penetration would be disease-free in the case of a nondesirous boy partner is an argument of silence. To import classical Greek notions of pederasty into this much later text is methodologically unacceptable. Halperin's argument that to be "seduced by a tribas" is a way for a woman to "have sexual contact with other women while respecting all the phallocentric protocols" similarly falls. We do not know if the tribas's partner counted as disease-free; we can only say that the text does not focus on her.
  • 37
    • 77950047407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 191E, discussed in Love between Women, 41, 156n. After mentioning the hetairistriai, Plato turns to the males who pursue males, whether as the boy recipients or as the active male lovers. Thus he parallels women turned toward women with males who pursue males, not men turned toward men
    • Plato, Symposium, 191E, discussed in Love between Women, 41, 156n. After mentioning the hetairistriai, Plato turns to the males who pursue males, whether as the boy recipients or as the active male lovers. Thus he parallels women turned toward women with males who pursue males, not men turned toward men.
    • Symposium
    • Plato1
  • 38
    • 77950033362 scopus 로고
    • Lesbians" for hetairistriai (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), Dover avoids "lesbians," using "homosexual females" instead(182)
    • Who in his commentary on the Symposium uses
    • Cf. Kenneth Dover, who in his commentary on the Symposium uses "lesbians" for hetairistriai (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), 118. In Greek Homosexuality Dover avoids "lesbians," using "homosexual females" instead (182).
    • (1980) Greek Homosexuality , pp. 118
    • Dover, K.1
  • 39
    • 0013083192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3.14, secs. 171-72, discussed in Love between Women 125-27, 136n, 138n, 332
    • Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos, 3.14, secs. 171-72, discussed in Love between Women, 125-27, 136n, 138n, 332.
    • Tetrabiblos
    • Ptolemy1
  • 40
    • 77950043659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lucian explains hetairistria as like the women in Lesbos, "with faces like men, who are unwilling to suffer 'it' from men, but only have sex with women, as if they were men" (Dialogues of the Courtesans, 5.2, sec. 289)
    • Lucian explains hetairistria as like the women in Lesbos, "with faces like men, who are unwilling to suffer 'it' from men, but only have sex with women, as if they were men" (Dialogues of the Courtesans, 5.2, sec. 289)
  • 41
    • 77950052643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both Plato and Lucian represent the women in question as turned toward women or having sex with women and as having no interest in men. Hetairistria may denote an intensification of that phenomenon
    • Both Plato and Lucian represent the women in question as turned toward women or having sex with women and as having no interest in men. Hetairistria may denote an intensification of that phenomenon.


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