메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 291-322

Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of America

(15)  Perfect, John R a   Dismukes, William E b   Dromer, Francoise i   Goldman, David L c   Graybill, John R d   Hamill, Richard J e   Harrison, Thomas S l   Larsen, Robert A f   Lortholary, Olivier i,j   Nguyen, Minh Hong g   Pappas, Peter G b   Powderly, William G k   Singh, Nina h   Sobel, Jack D h   Sorrell, Tania C m  


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETAZOLAMIDE; AMPHOTERICIN B; AMPHOTERICIN B LIPID COMPLEX; CORTICOSTEROID; DEXAMETHASONE; FLUCONAZOLE; FLUCYTOSINE; ITRACONAZOLE; MANNITOL; NEW DRUG; POLYENE; POSACONAZOLE; PREDNISONE; VORICONAZOLE;

EID: 75749092958     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/649858     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2067)

References (191)
  • 2
    • 13444257354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis at 2 hospitals in Washington, D.C.: Adherence of health care providers to published practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease
    • Shoham S, Cover C, Donegan N, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis at 2 hospitals in Washington, D.C.: adherence of health care providers to published practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:477-479.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.40 , pp. 477-479
    • Shoham, S.1    Cover, C.2    Donegan, N.3
  • 3
    • 51449121135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major role for amphotericin B-flucytosine combination in severe cryptococcosis
    • Dromer F, Bernede-Bauduin C, Guillemot D, et al. Major role for amphotericin B-flucytosine combination in severe cryptococcosis. PLoS ONE 2008; 3:e2870.
    • (2008) PLoS ONE , vol.3
    • Dromer, F.1    Bernede-Bauduin, C.2    Guillemot, D.3
  • 4
    • 0036881280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposal to conserve the name Cryptococcus gattii against C. hondurianus and C. bacillisporus (Basidiomycota, Hymenomycetes, Tremellomycetidae)
    • Kwon-Chung KJ, Boekhout T, Fell JW, et al. Proposal to conserve the name Cryptococcus gattii against C. hondurianus and C. bacillisporus (Basidiomycota, Hymenomycetes, Tremellomycetidae). Taxon 2002;51:804-806.
    • (2002) Taxon , vol.51 , pp. 804-806
    • Kwon-Chung, K.J.1    Boekhout, T.2    Fell, J.W.3
  • 5
    • 10344226208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada)
    • U S A
    • Kidd SE, Hagen F, Tscharke RL, et al. A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:17258-17263.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.101 , pp. 17258-17263
    • Kidd, S.E.1    Hagen, F.2    Tscharke, R.L.3
  • 6
    • 0037443858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing epidemiology of cryptococcosis: An update from population-based active surveillance in 2 large metropolitan areas, 1992-2000
    • Mirza SA, Phelan M., Rimland D, et al. The changing epidemiology of cryptococcosis: an update from population-based active surveillance in 2 large metropolitan areas, 1992-2000. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36:789-794.
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 789-794
    • Mirza, S.A.1    Phelan, M.2    Rimland, D.3
  • 7
    • 0036176759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcosis in Australasia and the treatment of cryptococcal and other fungal infections with liposomal amphotericin B
    • Chen SC. Cryptococcosis in Australasia and the treatment of cryptococcal and other fungal infections with liposomal amphotericin B. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002;49(Suppl 1):57-61.
    • (2002) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.49 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 57-61
    • Chen, S.C.1
  • 9
    • 0029839019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of cryptococcosis in France: A 9-year survey (1985-1993). French cryptococcosis study group
    • Dromer F, Mathoulin S, Dupont B, et al. Epidemiology of cryptococcosis in France: a 9-year survey (1985-1993). French Cryptococcosis Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 1996;23:82-90.
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 82-90
    • Dromer, F.1    Mathoulin, S.2    Dupont, B.3
  • 10
    • 0033925332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of HIV infection on meningitis in Harare, Zimbabwe: A prospective study of 406 predominantly adult patients
    • Hakim JG, Gangaidzo IT, Heyderman RS, et al. Impact of HIV infection on meningitis in Harare, Zimbabwe: a prospective study of 406 predominantly adult patients. AIDS 2000; 14:1401-1407.
    • (2000) AIDS , vol.14 , pp. 1401-1407
    • Hakim, J.G.1    Gangaidzo, I.T.2    Heyderman, R.S.3
  • 11
    • 62349130224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV/AIDS
    • Park BJ, Wannemuehler KA, Marston BJ, et al. Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS 2009;23:525-530.
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 525-530
    • Park, B.J.1    Wannemuehler, K.A.2    Marston, B.J.3
  • 13
    • 0346993413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary cryptococcosis after initiation of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy
    • Hage CA, Wood KL, Winer-Muram HT, et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis after initiation of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy. Chest 2003; 124:2395-2397.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.124 , pp. 2395-2397
    • Hage, C.A.1    Wood, K.L.2    Winer-Muram, H.T.3
  • 14
    • 33847632572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of disease presentation and outcome during cryptococcosis: The CryptoA/D study
    • Dromer F, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, Launay O, et al. Determinants of disease presentation and outcome during cryptococcosis: the CryptoA/D study. PLoS Med 2007;4:e21.
    • (2007) PLoS Med , vol.4
    • Dromer, F.1    Mathoulin-Pelissier, S.2    Launay, O.3
  • 16
    • 0037013093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcal infection in a cohort of HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults
    • French N, Gray K, Watera C, et al. Cryptococcal infection in a cohort of HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults. AIDS 2002;16:1031-1038.
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 1031-1038
    • French, N.1    Gray, K.2    Watera, C.3
  • 19
    • 0038556830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voriconazole treatment for less-common, emerging, or refractory fungal infections
    • Perfect JR, Marr KA, Walsh TJ, et al. Voriconazole treatment for less-common, emerging, or refractory fungal infections. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:1122-1131.
    • (2003) Clin Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 1122-1131
    • Perfect, J.R.1    Marr, K.A.2    Walsh, T.J.3
  • 21
    • 2542602231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination antifungal therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: A randomised trial
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16301-0, PII S0140673604163010
    • 21. Brouwer AE, Rajanuwong A, Chierakul W, et al. Combination antifungal therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomised trial. Lancet 2004;363:1764-1767. (Pubitemid 38698379)
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , Issue.9423 , pp. 1764-1767
    • Brouwer, A.E.1    Rajanuwong, A.2    Chierakul, W.3    Griffin, G.E.4    Larsen, R.A.5    White, N.J.6    Harrison, T.S.7
  • 22
    • 27644483074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Same-sex mating and the origin of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gattii outbreak
    • Fraser JA, Giles SS, Wenink EC, et al. Same-sex mating and the origin of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gattii outbreak. Nature 2005; 437:1360-1364.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 1360-1364
    • Fraser, J.A.1    Giles, S.S.2    Wenink, E.C.3
  • 23
    • 0018569077 scopus 로고
    • Canadian task force on the periodic health examination. The periodic health examination
    • Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. The periodic health examination. Can Med Assoc J 1979;121:1193-1254.
    • (1979) Can Med Assoc J , vol.121 , pp. 1193-1254
  • 24
    • 33845883949 scopus 로고
    • Institute of Medicine Committee to Advise the Public Health Service on Clinical Practice Guidelines, clinical practice guidelines: Washington, DC: National Academy Press
    • Field MJ, Lohr KN. Institute of Medicine Committee to Advise the Public Health Service on Clinical Practice Guidelines, clinical practice guidelines: directions for a new program. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1990.
    • (1990) Directions for A New Program
    • Field, M.J.1    Lohr, K.N.2
  • 25
    • 34250864940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fungal burden, early fungicidal activity, and outcome in cryptococcal meningitis in antiretroviral-naive or antiretroviral-experienced patients treated with amphotericin B or fluconazole
    • DOI 10.1086/518607
    • 25. Bicanic T, Meintjes G, Wood R, et al. Fungal burden, early fungicidal activity, and outcome in cryptococcal meningitis in antiretroviralnaive or antiretroviral-experienced patients treated with amphotericin B or fluconazole. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:76-80. (Pubitemid 46984619)
    • (2007) Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 76-80
    • Bicanic, T.1    Meintjes, G.2    Wood, R.3    Hayes, M.4    Rebe, K.5    Bekker, L.G.6    Harrison, T.7
  • 26
    • 0026320039 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of amphotericin B with fluconazole in the treatment of acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. the NIAID Mycoses Study Group and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group
    • Saag MS, Powderly WG, Cloud GA, et al. Comparison of amphotericin B with fluconazole in the treatment of acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. The NIAID Mycoses Study Group and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1992;326:83-89.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 83-89
    • Saag, M.S.1    Powderly, W.G.2    Cloud, G.A.3
  • 27
    • 0038025895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group and AIDS Clinical Trials Group
    • van der Horst CM, Saag MS, Cloud GA, et al. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group and AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1997;337:15-21.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 15-21
    • Van Der Horst, C.M.1    Saag, M.S.2    Cloud, G.A.3
  • 28
    • 0018663921 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of amphotericin B alone and combined with flucytosine in the treatment of cryptoccal meningitis
    • Bennett JE, Dismukes WE, Duma RJ, et al. A comparison of amphotericin B alone and combined with flucytosine in the treatment of cryptoccal meningitis. N Engl J Med 1979;301:126-131.
    • (1979) N Engl J Med , vol.301 , pp. 126-131
    • Bennett, J.E.1    Dismukes, W.E.2    Duma, R.J.3
  • 29
    • 0023181813 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis with combination amphotericin B and flucytosine for four as compared with six weeks
    • 29. Dismukes WE, Cloud G, Gallis HA, et al. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis with combination amphotericin B and flucytosine for four as compared with six weeks. N Engl J Med 1987;317:334-341. (Pubitemid 17118707)
    • (1987) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.317 , Issue.6 , pp. 334-341
    • Dismukes, W.E.1    Cloud, G.2    Gallis, H.A.3
  • 32
    • 17644405088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful use of amphotericin B lipid complex in the treatment of cryptococcosis
    • Baddour LM, Perfect JR, Ostrosky-Zeichner L. Successful use of amphotericin B lipid complex in the treatment of cryptococcosis. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40(Suppl 6):S409-S413.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.40 , Issue.SUPPL. 6
    • Baddour, L.M.1    Perfect, J.R.2    Ostrosky-Zeichner, L.3
  • 38
    • 75749094619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluconazole plus Amphotericin B vs. Amphotericin B alone for primary treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis: Results of a phase II trial [abstract M626]
    • Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology
    • Pappas PG. Fluconazole plus Amphotericin B vs. Amphotericin B alone for primary treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis: results of a phase II trial [abstract M626]. In: Program and abstracts of the 48th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2007.
    • (2007) Program and Abstracts of the 48th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
    • Pappas, P.G.1
  • 39
    • 0025375825 scopus 로고
    • Fluconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS: A randomized trial
    • Larsen RA, Leal MA, Chan LS. Fluconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:183-187.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.113 , pp. 183-187
    • Larsen, R.A.1    Leal, Ma.2    Chan, L.S.3
  • 41
    • 0028304476 scopus 로고
    • High-dose fluconazole for treatment of cryptococcal disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. the California Collaborative Treatment Group
    • Haubrich RH, Haghighat D, Bozzette SA, et al. High-dose fluconazole for treatment of cryptococcal disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The California Collaborative Treatment Group. J Infect Dis 1994;170:238-242.
    • (1994) J Infect Dis , vol.170 , pp. 238-242
    • Haubrich, R.H.1    Haghighat, D.2    Bozzette, S.A.3
  • 42
    • 0024457582 scopus 로고
    • Itraconazole therapy for cryptococcal meningitis and cryptococcosis
    • Denning DW, Tucker RM, Hanson LH, et al. Itraconazole therapy for cryptococcal meningitis and cryptococcosis. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149:2301-2308.
    • (1989) Arch Intern Med , vol.149 , pp. 2301-2308
    • Denning, D.W.1    Tucker, R.M.2    Hanson, L.H.3
  • 43
    • 0026542078 scopus 로고
    • Itraconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis
    • de Gans J, Portegies P, Tiessens G, et al. Itraconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis. AIDS 1992;6:185-190.
    • (1992) AIDS , vol.6 , pp. 185-190
    • De Gans, J.1    Portegies, P.2    Tiessens, G.3
  • 45
    • 29944435853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of amphotericin B in combination with flucytosine against flucytosine-susceptible or flucytosine-resistant isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans during disseminated murine cryptococcosis
    • Schwarz P, Dromer F, Lortholary O, et al. Efficacy of amphotericin B in combination with flucytosine against flucytosine-susceptible or flucytosine-resistant isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans during disseminated murine cryptococcosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:113-120.
    • (2006) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.50 , pp. 113-120
    • Schwarz, P.1    Dromer, F.2    Lortholary, O.3
  • 46
    • 33846014710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of amphotericin B with flucytosine is active in vitro against flucytosine-resistant isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • DOI 10.1128/AAC.00446-06
    • 46. Schwarz P, Janbon G, Dromer F, et. al. Combination of amphotericin B with flucytosine is active in vitro against flucytosine-resistant isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51: 383-385. (Pubitemid 46047737)
    • (2007) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 383-385
    • Schwarz, P.1    Janbon, G.2    Dromer, F.3    Lortholary, O.4    Dannaoui, E.5
  • 49
    • 0030043279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of patients with acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis who can be effectively treated with fluconazole: The role of antifungal susceptibility testing
    • Witt MD, Lewis RJ, Larsen RA, et al. Identification of patients with acute AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis who can be effectively treated with fluconazole: the role of antifungal susceptibility testing. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:322-328.
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 322-328
    • Witt, M.D.1    Lewis, R.J.2    Larsen, R.A.3
  • 50
    • 33750304833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic relapse of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis after initial huconazole monotherapy: The role of fluconazole resistance and immune reconstitution
    • DOI 10.1086/507895
    • 50. Bicanic T. Symptomatic relapse of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis after initial fluconazole monotherapy: the role of fluconazole resistance and immune reconstitution. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:1069-1073. (Pubitemid 44631110)
    • (2006) Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol.43 , Issue.8 , pp. 1069-1073
    • Bicanic, T.1    Harrison, T.2    Niepieklo, A.3    Dyakopu, N.4    Meintjes, G.5
  • 52
    • 0026028235 scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of maintenance therapy with fluconazole after treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. California Collaborative Treatment Group
    • Bozzette SA, Larsen RA, Chiu J, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of maintenance therapy with fluconazole after treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. California Collaborative Treatment Group. N Engl J Med 1991;324:580-584.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 580-584
    • Bozzette, S.A.1    Larsen, R.A.2    Chiu, J.3
  • 53
    • 0026594284 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of fluconazole or amphotericin B to prevent relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group and Mycoses Study Group
    • Powderly WG, Saag MS, Cloud GA, et al. A controlled trial of fluconazole or amphotericin B to prevent relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group and Mycoses Study Group. N Engl J Med 1992;326:793-798.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 793-798
    • Powderly, W.G.1    Saag, M.S.2    Cloud, G.A.3
  • 54
    • 0033047485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of itraconazole versus fluconazole as maintenance therapy for AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group
    • Saag MS, Cloud GA, Graybill JR, et al. A comparison of itraconazole versus fluconazole as maintenance therapy for AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:291-296.
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.28 , pp. 291-296
    • Saag, M.S.1    Cloud, G.A.2    Graybill, J.R.3
  • 55
    • 65949098879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early antiretroviral therapy reduces AIDS progression/death in individuals with acute opportunistic infections: A multicenter randomized strategy trial
    • Zolopa A, Andersen J, Powderly W, et al. Early antiretroviral therapy reduces AIDS progression/death in individuals with acute opportunistic infections: a multicenter randomized strategy trial. PLoS ONE 2009;4:e5575.
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4
    • Zolopa, A.1    Andersen, J.2    Powderly, W.3
  • 56
    • 70049116229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after antiretroviral therapy in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis: A prospective multicenter study
    • Sungkanuparph S, Filler SG, Chetchotisakd P, et al. Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after antiretroviral therapy in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis: a prospective multicenter study. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:931-934.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.49 , pp. 931-934
    • Sungkanuparph, S.1    Filler, S.G.2    Chetchotisakd, P.3
  • 58
    • 0037846079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for cryptococcal meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy: A prospective, multicenter, randomized study
    • DOI 10.1086/374849
    • 58. Vibhagool A, Sungkanuparph S, Mootsikapun P, et al. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for cryptococcal meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy: a prospective, multicenter, randomized study. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:1329-1331. (Pubitemid 36629945)
    • (2003) Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol.36 , Issue.10 , pp. 1329-1331
    • Vibhagool, A.1    Sungkanuparph, S.2    Mootsikapun, P.3    Chetchotisakd, P.4    Tansuphaswaswadikul, S.5    Bowonwatanuwong, C.6    Ingsathit, A.7
  • 59
    • 0037090245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of the discontinuation of antifungal therapy for disseminated cryptococcal disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, following immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy
    • Aberg JA, Price RW, Heeren DM, et al. A pilot study of the discontinuation of antifungal therapy for disseminated cryptococcal disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, following immunologic response to antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2002; 185: 1179-1182.
    • (2002) J Infect Dis , vol.185 , pp. 1179-1182
    • Aberg, J.A.1    Price, R.W.2    Heeren, D.M.3
  • 60
    • 0033730439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • DOI 10.1097/00002030-200011100-00029
    • 60. Martinez E, Garcia-Viejo MA, Marcos MA, et al. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2000; 14:2615-2617. (Pubitemid 30840058)
    • (2000) AIDS , vol.14 , Issue.16 , pp. 2615-2617
    • Martinez, E.1    Garcia-Viejo, M.A.2    Marcos, M.A.3    Perez-Cuevas, J.B.4    Blanco, J.L.5    Mallolas, J.6    Miro, J.M.7    Gatell, J.M.8
  • 61
    • 0035958797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis against cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy [2]
    • DOI 10.1097/00002030-200107270-00019
    • 61. Rollot F, Bossi P, Tubiana R, et al. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis against cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2001; 15:1448-1449. (Pubitemid 32662301)
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , Issue.11 , pp. 1448-1449
    • Rollot, F.1    Bossi, P.2    Tubiana, R.3    Caumes, E.4    Zeller, V.5    Katlama, C.6    Bricaire, F.7
  • 63
    • 0025027848 scopus 로고
    • The value of serum cryptococcal antigen in the diagnosis of cryptococcal infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
    • 63. Nelson MR, Bower M, Smith D, et al. The value of serum cryptococcal antigen in the diagnosis of cryptococcal infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect 1990;21:175-181. (Pubitemid 20329685)
    • (1990) Journal of Infection , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-181
    • Nelson, M.R.1    Bower, M.2    Smith, D.3    Reed, C.4    Shanson, D.5    Gazzard, B.6
  • 64
    • 0024601256 scopus 로고
    • The value of cryptococcal serum antigen screening among HIV-positive/AIDS patients in Kinshasa, Zaire
    • 64. Desmet P, Kayembe KD, De Vroey C. The value of cryptococcal serum antigen screening among HIV-positive/AIDS patients in Kinshasa, Zaire. AIDS 1989;3:77-78. (Pubitemid 19073455)
    • (1989) AIDS , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-78
    • Desmet, P.1    Kayembe, K.D.2    De Vroey, C.3
  • 68
    • 0028944782 scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with clotrimazole troches for the prevention of fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group
    • Powderly WG, Finkelstein D, Feinberg J, et al. A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with clotrimazole troches for the prevention of fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1995;332:700-705.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 700-705
    • Powderly, W.G.1    Finkelstein, D.2    Feinberg, J.3
  • 69
    • 0032938899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Itraconazole prophylaxis for fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group
    • McKinsey DS, Wheat LJ, Cloud GA, et al. Itraconazole prophylaxis for fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection: randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:1049-1056.
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.28 , pp. 1049-1056
    • McKinsey, D.S.1    Wheat, L.J.2    Cloud, G.A.3
  • 70
    • 63649125348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for cryptococcal antigenemia in patients accessing an antiretroviral treatment program in South Africa
    • Jarvis JN, Lawn SD, Vogt M, et al. Screening for cryptococcal antigenemia in patients accessing an antiretroviral treatment program in South Africa. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:856-862.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.48 , pp. 856-862
    • Jarvis, J.N.1    Lawn, S.D.2    Vogt, M.3
  • 71
    • 0035347637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients: Variables influencing clinical characteristics and outcome
    • Husain S, Wagener MM, Singh N. Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients: variables influencing clinical characteristics and outcome. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7:375-381.
    • (2001) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 375-381
    • Husain, S.1    Wagener, M.M.2    Singh, N.3
  • 72
    • 0036705417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcosis in organ transplant recipients: An overview
    • DOI 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2002.20701.x
    • 72. Vilchez RA, Fung J, Kusne S. Cryptococcosis in organ transplant recipients: an overview. Am J Transplant 2002; 2:575-580. (Pubitemid 36306848)
    • (2002) American Journal of Transplantation , vol.2 , Issue.7 , pp. 575-580
    • Vilchez, R.A.1    Fung, J.2    Kusne, S.3
  • 73
    • 33847064677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus neoformans in organ transplant recipients: Impact of calcineurin-inhibitor agents on mortality
    • Singh N, Alexander BD, Lortholary O, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans in organ transplant recipients: impact of calcineurin-inhibitor agents on mortality. J Infect Dis 2007; 195:756-764.
    • (2007) J Infect Dis , vol.195 , pp. 756-764
    • Singh, N.1    Alexander, B.D.2    Lortholary, O.3
  • 74
    • 0026779443 scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcosis in renal transplant recipients
    • Shaariah W, Morad Z, Suleiman AB. Cryptococcosis in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 1992;24:1898-1899.
    • (1992) Transplant Proc , vol.24 , pp. 1898-1899
    • Shaariah, W.1    Morad, Z.2    Suleiman, A.B.3
  • 75
    • 27744601940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifungal management practices and evolution of infection in organ transplant recipients with Cryptococcus neoformans infection
    • Singh N, Lortholary O, Alexander BD, et al. Antifungal management practices and evolution of infection in organ transplant recipients with Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Transplantation 2005; 80:1033-1039.
    • (2005) Transplantation , vol.80 , pp. 1033-1039
    • Singh, N.1    Lortholary, O.2    Alexander, B.D.3
  • 77
    • 54249083471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients: Current state of the science
    • Singh N, Dromer F, Perfect JR, et al. Cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients: current state of the science. Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:1321-1327.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.47 , pp. 1321-1327
    • Singh, N.1    Dromer, F.2    Perfect, J.R.3
  • 78
    • 0008162849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients without HIV infection
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.115.3.734
    • 78. Aberg JA, Mundy LM, Powderly WG. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients without HIV infection. Chest 1999;115:734-740. (Pubitemid 29129954)
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , Issue.3 , pp. 734-740
    • Aberg, J.A.1    Mundy, L.M.2    Powderly, W.G.3
  • 80
    • 0031934615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of disseminated cryptococcosis in a liver transplant recipient with fluconazole and flucytosine, an all oral regimen
    • DOI 10.1007/s001470050104
    • 80. Singh N, Gayowski T, Marino IR. Successful treatment of disseminated cryptococcosis in a liver transplant recipient with fluconazole and flucytosine, an all oral regimen. Transpl Int 1998;11:63-65. (Pubitemid 28112412)
    • (1998) Transplant International , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-65
    • Singh, N.1    Gayowski, T.2    Marino, I.R.3
  • 81
    • 0034881055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute respiratory failure associated with pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-AIDS patients
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.119.6.1865
    • 81. Vilchez RA, Linden P, Lacomis J, et al. Acute respiratory failure associated with pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-AIDS patients. Chest 2001;119:1865-1869. (Pubitemid 32744947)
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , Issue.6 , pp. 1865-1869
    • Vilchez, R.A.1    Linden, P.2    Lacomis, J.3    Costello, P.4    Fung, J.5    Kusne, S.6
  • 82
    • 20444401226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An immune reconstitution syndrome-like illness associated with Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients
    • Singh N, Lortholary O, Alexander BD, et al. An immune reconstitution syndrome-like illness associated with Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 1756-1761.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.40 , pp. 1756-1761
    • Singh, N.1    Lortholary, O.2    Alexander, B.D.3
  • 83
    • 34248525128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune reconstitution syndrome associated with opportunistic mycoses
    • DOI 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70085-3, PII S1473309907700853
    • 83. Singh N, Perfect JR. Immune reconstitution syndrome associated with opportunistic mycoses. Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:395-401. (Pubitemid 46765196)
    • (2007) Lancet Infectious Diseases , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 395-401
    • Singh, N.1    Perfect, J.R.2
  • 84
    • 38049075711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serologic evidence for reactivation of cryptococcosis in solid-organ transplant recipients
    • Saha DC, Goldman DL, Shao X, et al. Serologic evidence for reactivation of cryptococcosis in solid-organ transplant recipients. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007;14:1550-1554.
    • (2007) Clin Vaccine Immunol , vol.14 , pp. 1550-1554
    • Saha, D.C.1    Goldman, D.L.2    Shao, X.3
  • 85
    • 33646450534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The poor prognosis of central nervous system cryptococcosis among nonimmunosuppressed patients: A call for better disease recognition and evaluation of adjuncts to antifungal therapy
    • Ecevit IZ, Clancy CJ, Schmalfuss IM, et al. The poor prognosis of central nervous system cryptococcosis among nonimmunosuppressed patients: a call for better disease recognition and evaluation of adjuncts to antifungal therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:1443-1447.
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , pp. 1443-1447
    • Ecevit, I.Z.1    Clancy, C.J.2    Schmalfuss, I.M.3
  • 86
  • 87
    • 0027162539 scopus 로고
    • Catastrophic visual loss due to Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis
    • Rex JH, Larsen RA, Dismukes WE, et al. Catastrophic visual loss due to Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 1993; 72:207-224.
    • (1993) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.72 , pp. 207-224
    • Rex, J.H.1    Larsen, R.A.2    Dismukes, W.E.3
  • 88
    • 0030017169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the efficacy of amphotericin B and fluconazole in the treatment of cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients: Retrospective analysis of 83 cases
    • 88. Dromer F, Mathoulin S, Dupont B, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of amphotericin B and fluconazole in the treatment of cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients: retrospective analysis of 83 cases. French Cryptococcosis Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22(Suppl 2):S154-S160. (Pubitemid 26256448)
    • (1996) Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol.22 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Dromer, F.1    Mathoulin, S.2    Dupont, B.3    Brugiere, O.4    Letenneur, L.5
  • 89
    • 0035451420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients in the era of effective azole therapy
    • Pappas PG, Perfect JR, Cloud GA, et al. Cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients in the era of effective azole therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:690-699.
    • (2001) Clin Infect Dis , vol.33 , pp. 690-699
    • Pappas, P.G.1    Perfect, J.R.2    Cloud, G.A.3
  • 91
    • 64549108540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of cerebrospinal fluid pressure, fungal burden and outcome in patients with cryptococcal meningitis undergoing serial lumbar punctures
    • Bicanic T, Brouwer AE, Meintjes G, et al. Relationship of cerebrospinal fluid pressure, fungal burden and outcome in patients with cryptococcal meningitis undergoing serial lumbar punctures. AIDS 2009; 23:701-706.
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 701-706
    • Bicanic, T.1    Brouwer, A.E.2    Meintjes, G.3
  • 92
    • 13444306149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing cryptococcal meningitis is about handling the pressure
    • Pappas PG. Managing cryptococcal meningitis is about handling the pressure. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:480-482.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.40 , pp. 480-482
    • Pappas, P.G.1
  • 94
    • 20344395596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of ventriculoperitoneal shunts for uncontrollable intracranial hypertension without ventriculomegally secondary to HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: Commentary
    • DOI 10.1016/j.surneu.2004.08.071, PII S0090301904005798
    • 94. Woodworth GF, McGirt MJ, Williams MA, et al. The use of ventriculoperitoneal shunts for uncontrollable intracranial hypertension without ventriculomegally secondary to HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Surg Neurol 2005;63:529-531; discussion 531-532. (Pubitemid 40779687)
    • (2005) Surgical Neurology , vol.63 , Issue.6 , pp. 531-532
    • Cone, L.A.1    Sotelo, J.2
  • 96
    • 2942667685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of cryptococcal meningitis with extremely high intracranial pressure in HIV-infected patients
    • Sun HY, Hung CC, Chang SC. Management of cryptococcal meningitis with extremely high intracranial pressure in HIV-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:1790-1792.
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 1790-1792
    • Sun, H.Y.1    Hung, C.C.2    Chang, S.C.3
  • 97
    • 0037105698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of acetazolamide for the treatment of elevated intracranial pressure in cryptococcal meningitis
    • Newton PN, Thai le H, Tip NQ, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of acetazolamide for the treatment of elevated intracranial pressure in cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35:769-772.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.35 , pp. 769-772
    • Newton, P.N.1    Thai Le, H.2    Tip, N.Q.3
  • 98
    • 0033014602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hydrocephalus secondary to cryptococcal meningitis by use of shunting
    • Park MK, Hospenthal DR, Bennett JE. Treatment of hydrocephalus secondary to cryptococcal meningitis by use of shunting. Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:629-633.
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.28 , pp. 629-633
    • Park, M.K.1    Hospenthal, D.R.2    Bennett, J.E.3
  • 99
    • 19044387619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lumbar drainage for control of raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure in cryptococcal meningitis: Case report and review
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.02.010, PII S016344530500040X
    • 99. Macsween KF, Bicanic T, Brouwer AE, et al. Lumbar drainage for control of raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure in cryptococcal meningitis: case report and review. J Infect 2005;51:e221-e224. (Pubitemid 41683887)
    • (2005) Journal of Infection , vol.51 , Issue.4
    • Macsween, K.F.1    Bicanic, T.2    Brouwer, A.E.3    Marsh, H.4    Macallan, D.C.5    Harrison, T.S.6
  • 100
    • 0032837880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial meningitis associated with lumbar drains: A retrospective cohort study
    • Coplin WM, Avellino AM, Kim DK, et al. Bacterial meningitis associated with lumbar drains: a retrospective cohort study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;67:468-473.
    • (1999) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.67 , pp. 468-473
    • Coplin, W.M.1    Avellino, A.M.2    Kim, D.K.3
  • 102
    • 4143144840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune reconstitution cryptococcosis after initiation of successful highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Jenny-Avital ER, Abadi M. Immune reconstitution cryptococcosis after initiation of successful highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:e128-e133.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.35
    • Jenny-Avital, E.R.1    Abadi, M.2
  • 103
    • 29444443752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: Report of four cases in three patients and review of the literature
    • Skiest DJ, Hester LJ, Hardy RD. Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: report of four cases in three patients and review of the literature. J Infect 2005;51:e289-e297.
    • (2005) J Infect , vol.51
    • Skiest, D.J.1    Hester, L.J.2    Hardy, R.D.3
  • 104
    • 21844479866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and risk factors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome complicating HIV-associated cryptococcosis in France
    • 104. Lortholary O, Fontanet A, Memain N, et al. Incidence and risk factors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome complicating HIV-associated cryptococcosis in France. AIDS 2005;19:1043-1049. (Pubitemid 40961144)
    • (2005) AIDS , vol.19 , Issue.10 , pp. 1043-1049
    • Lortholary, O.1    Fontanet, A.2    Memain, N.3    Martin, A.4    Sitbon, K.5    Dromer, F.6
  • 105
    • 15744394140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shelburne SA 3rd, Darcourt J, White AC Jr, et al. the role of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in AIDS-related Cryptococcus neoformans disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Shelburne SA 3rd, Darcourt J, White AC Jr, et al. The role of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in AIDS-related Cryptococcus neoformans disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1049-1052.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.40 , pp. 1049-1052
  • 106
    • 33745203502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence base for using corticosteroids to threat HIV-associated immune reconstitution syndrome
    • DOI 10.1586/14737140.4.3.469
    • 106. Lesho E. Evidence base for using corticosteroids to treat HIV-associated immune reconstitution syndrome. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2006;4:469-478. (Pubitemid 43905468)
    • (2006) Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 469-478
    • Lesho, E.1
  • 107
    • 0035895656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled trial of prednisone in advanced HIV-1 infection
    • McComsey GA, Whalen CC, Mawhorter SD, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of prednisone in advanced HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2001; 15: 321-327.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 321-327
    • McComsey, G.A.1    Whalen, C.C.2    Mawhorter, S.D.3
  • 108
    • 0029072394 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and host differences between infections with the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • discussion 35-36
    • Speed B, Dunt D. Clinical and host differences between infections with the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:28-34; discussion 35-36.
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis , vol.21 , pp. 28-34
    • Speed, B.1    Dunt, D.2
  • 109
    • 0028909648 scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcal disease of the CNS in immunocompetent hosts: Influence of cryptococcal variety on clinical manifestations and outcome
    • Mitchell DH, Sorrell TC, Allworth AM, et al. Cryptococcal disease of the CNS in immunocompetent hosts: influence of cryptococcal variety on clinical manifestations and outcome. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20: 611-616.
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis , vol.20 , pp. 611-616
    • Mitchell, D.H.1    Sorrell, T.C.2    Allworth, A.M.3
  • 110
    • 0034457941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and host- And variety-dependent characteristics of infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans in Australia and New Zealand. Australasian Cryptococcal Study Group
    • Chen S, Sorrell T, Nimmo G, et al. Epidemiology and host- and variety-dependent characteristics of infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans in Australia and New Zealand. Australasian Cryptococcal Study Group. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:499-508.
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.31 , pp. 499-508
    • Chen, S.1    Sorrell, T.2    Nimmo, G.3
  • 111
    • 0034456052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of cryptococcomas on neuroimaging
    • Hospenthal DR, Bennett JE. Persistence of cryptococcomas on neuroimaging. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:1303-1306.
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.31 , pp. 1303-1306
    • Hospenthal, D.R.1    Bennett, J.E.2
  • 112
    • 0026551407 scopus 로고
    • Pancoast's syndrome due to pulmonary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii
    • Mitchell DH, Sorrell TC. Pancoast's syndrome due to pulmonary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14:1142-1144.
    • (1992) Clin Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 1142-1144
    • Mitchell, D.H.1    Sorrell, T.C.2
  • 114
    • 0023085613 scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcal infections of the central nervous system: A ten year experience
    • Waterston JA, Gilligan BS. Cryptococcal infections of the central nervous system: a ten year experience. Clin Exp Neurol 1987; 23:127-137.
    • (1987) Clin Exp Neurol , vol.23 , pp. 127-137
    • Waterston, J.A.1    Gilligan, B.S.2
  • 115
    • 0027740356 scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus neoformans in tropical northern Australia: Predominantly variant gattii with good outcomes
    • Fisher D, Burrow J, Lo D, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans in tropical northern Australia: predominantly variant gattii with good outcomes. Aust N Z J Med 1993;23:678-682.
    • (1993) Aust N Z J Med , vol.23 , pp. 678-682
    • Fisher, D.1    Burrow, J.2    Lo, D.3
  • 116
    • 3843100457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus infection in tropical Australia
    • Jenney A, Pandithage K, Fisher DA, et al. Cryptococcus infection in tropical Australia. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:3865-3868.
    • (2004) J Clin Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 3865-3868
    • Jenney, A.1    Pandithage, K.2    Fisher, D.A.3
  • 117
    • 33847053609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune dysfunction in HIV-seronegative, Cryptococcus gattii meningitis
    • Brouwer AE, Siddiqui AA, Kester MI, et al. Immune dysfunction in HIV-seronegative, Cryptococcus gattii meningitis. J Infect 2007; 54:e165-e168.
    • (2007) J Infect , vol.54
    • Brouwer, A.E.1    Siddiqui, A.A.2    Kester, M.I.3
  • 118
    • 20444394954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical inflammatory reaction during treatment of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii meningitis in an HIV-seronegative woman
    • Einsiedel L, Gordon DL, Dyer JR. Paradoxical inflammatory reaction during treatment of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii meningitis in an HIV-seronegative woman. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:e78-e82.
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.39
    • Einsiedel, L.1    Gordon, D.L.2    Dyer, J.R.3
  • 119
    • 0022169947 scopus 로고
    • Ophthalmological complications of cryptococcal meningitis
    • Blackie JD, Danta G, Sorrell T, et al. Ophthalmological complications of cryptococcal meningitis. Clin Exp Neurol 1985;21:263-270.
    • (1985) Clin Exp Neurol , vol.21 , pp. 263-270
    • Blackie, J.D.1    Danta, G.2    Sorrell, T.3
  • 121
    • 0029094291 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary cryptococcosis: Localized and disseminated infections in 27 patients with AIDS
    • Meyohas MC, Roux P, Bollens D, et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis: localized and disseminated infections in 27 patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:628-633.
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis , vol.21 , pp. 628-633
    • Meyohas, M.C.1    Roux, P.2    Bollens, D.3
  • 122
    • 0019474157 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of Pulmonary cryptococcosis. Clinical implications from a study of 41 patients with and without compromising host factors
    • 122. Kerkering TM, Duma RJ, Shadomy S. The evolution of pulmonary cryptococcosis: clinical implications from a study of 41 patients with and without compromising host factors. Ann Intern Med 1981; 94: 611-616. (Pubitemid 11112636)
    • (1981) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.94 , Issue.5 , pp. 611-616
    • Kerkering, T.M.1    Duma, R.J.2    Shadomy, S.3
  • 123
    • 0007770281 scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcic meningitis of nearly sixteen years' duration
    • Beeson PB. Cryptococcic meningitis of nearly sixteen years' duration. AMA Arch Intern Med 1952;89:797-801.
    • (1952) AMA Arch Intern Med , vol.89 , pp. 797-801
    • Beeson, P.B.1
  • 124
    • 0346363593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary cryptococcosis in nonimmunocompromised patients
    • Nadrous HF, Antonios VS, Terrell CL, et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in nonimmunocompromised patients. Chest 2003;124:2143-2147.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.124 , pp. 2143-2147
    • Nadrous, H.F.1    Antonios, V.S.2    Terrell, C.L.3
  • 127
    • 20944439683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of cryptococcosis in non-HIV-related patients
    • Yao Z, Liao W, Chen R. Management of cryptococcosis in non-HIV-related patients. Med Mycol 2005;43:245-251.
    • (2005) Med Mycol , vol.43 , pp. 245-251
    • Yao, Z.1    Liao, W.2    Chen, R.3
  • 128
    • 33744831964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of long-term oral posaconazole use in the treatment of refractory invasive fungal infections
    • Raad, II, Graybill JR, Bustamante AB, et al. Safety of long-term oral posaconazole use in the treatment of refractory invasive fungal infections. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:1726-1734.
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.42 , pp. 1726-1734
    • Raad, I.I.1    Graybill, J.R.2    Bustamante, A.B.3
  • 129
    • 53549132503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients without HIV infection: Factors associated with disseminated disease
    • Baddley JW, Perfect JR, Oster RA, et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients without HIV infection: factors associated with disseminated disease. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008;27:937-943.
    • (2008) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.27 , pp. 937-943
    • Baddley, J.W.1    Perfect, J.R.2    Oster, R.A.3
  • 130
    • 33750937389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG-PET) images of pulmonary cryptococcosis mimicking lung cancer
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.09.022, PII S1010794006008566
    • 130. Igai H, Gotoh M, Yokomise H. Computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography with [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG-PET) images of pulmonary cryptococcosis mimicking lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006;30:837-839. (Pubitemid 44738620)
    • (2006) European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 837-839
    • Igai, H.1    Gotoh, M.2    Yokomise, H.3
  • 131
    • 0028786641 scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS-100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Mitchell TG, Perfect JR. Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS-100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans. Clin Microbiol Rev 1995;8:515-548.
    • (1995) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.8 , pp. 515-548
    • Mitchell, T.G.1    Perfect, J.R.2
  • 134
    • 0024337862 scopus 로고
    • Persistent Cryptococcus neoformans infection of the prostate after successful treatment of meningitis. California Collaborative Treatment Group
    • Larsen RA, Bozzette S, McCutchan JA, et al. Persistent Cryptococcus neoformans infection of the prostate after successful treatment of meningitis. California Collaborative Treatment Group. Ann Intern Med 1989;111:125-128.
    • (1989) Ann Intern Med , vol.111 , pp. 125-128
    • Larsen, R.A.1    Bozzette, S.2    McCutchan, J.A.3
  • 136
    • 0015527555 scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcal meningitis in pregnancy
    • Philpot CR, Lo D. Cryptococcal meningitis in pregnancy. Med J Aust 1972;2:1005-1007.
    • (1972) Med J Aust , vol.2 , pp. 1005-1007
    • Philpot, C.R.1    Lo, D.2
  • 138
    • 0019979181 scopus 로고
    • Disseminated blastomycosis in a pregnant woman: Review of amphotericin B usage during pregnancy
    • Ismail MA, Lerner SA. Disseminated blastomycosis in a pregnant woman: review of amphotericin B usage during pregnancy. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982; 126:350-353.
    • (1982) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.126 , pp. 350-353
    • Ismail, M.A.1    Lerner, S.A.2
  • 140
  • 142
    • 0027511909 scopus 로고
    • Second branchial arch anomalies induced by fluconazole, a bis-triazole antifungal agent, in cultured mouse embryos
    • Tiboni GM. Second branchial arch anomalies induced by fluconazole, a bis-triazole antifungal agent, in cultured mouse embryos. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1993;79:381-384.
    • (1993) Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol , vol.79 , pp. 381-384
    • Tiboni, G.M.1
  • 145
  • 146
    • 35348819904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune reconstitution syndrome and exacerbation of infections after pregnancy
    • DOI 10.1086/522182
    • 146. Singh N, Perfect JR. Immune reconstitution syndrome and exacerbation of infections after pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:1192-1199. (Pubitemid 47580319)
    • (2007) Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol.45 , Issue.9 , pp. 1192-1199
    • Singh, N.1    Perfect, J.R.2
  • 152
    • 0035990771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcal meningitis in a neonate
    • Kaur R, Mittal N, Rawat D, et al. Cryptococcal meningitis in a neonate. Scand J Infect Dis 2002;34:542-543.
    • (2002) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 542-543
    • Kaur, R.1    Mittal, N.2    Rawat, D.3
  • 153
    • 0035067316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous lesions of disseminated cryptococcosis as the presenting manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection in a twenty-two-month-old child
    • DOI 10.1097/00006454-200104000-00025
    • 153. Tuerlinckx D, Bodart E, Garrino MG, et al. Cutaneous lesions of disseminated cryptococcosis as the presenting manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection in a twenty-two-month-old child. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001; 20:463-464. (Pubitemid 32294768)
    • (2001) Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 463-464
    • Tuerlinckx, D.1    Bodart, E.2    Garrino, M.G.3    Weemaes, G.4    De Bilderling, G.5
  • 154
    • 33646833486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disseminated infection with Cryptococcus neoformans var neoformans in an 8 years immunocompetent girl
    • Chaudhary MW, Sardana K, Kumar P, et al. Disseminated infection with Cryptococcus neoformans var neoformans in an 8 years immunocompetent girl. Indian J Pediatr 2005; 72:85.
    • (2005) Indian J Pediatr , vol.72 , pp. 85
    • Chaudhary, M.W.1    Sardana, K.2    Kumar, P.3
  • 155
    • 22244480684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nine-year-old girl with lymphangiectasia and chest pain
    • Grant E, Junker A. Nine-year-old girl with lymphangiectasia and chest pain. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005; 24:659, 663-664.
    • (2005) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.24 , Issue.659 , pp. 663-664
    • Grant, E.1    Junker, A.2
  • 156
    • 0030908236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liposomal amphotericin B and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor (rHuGM-CSF) in the treatment of paediatric AIDSrelated cryptococcosis
    • Manfredi R, Coronado OV, Mastroianni A, et al. Liposomal amphotericin B and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor (rHuGM-CSF) in the treatment of paediatric AIDSrelated cryptococcosis. Int. J STD AIDS 1997;8:406-408.
    • (1997) Int. J STD AIDS , vol.8 , pp. 406-408
    • Manfredi, R.1    Coronado, O.V.2    Mastroianni, A.3
  • 158
    • 13844298286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of amphotericin B lipid complex in 548 children and adolescents with invasive fungal infections
    • Wiley JM, Seibel NL, Walsh TJ. Efficacy and safety of amphotericin B lipid complex in 548 children and adolescents with invasive fungal infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005;24:167-174.
    • (2005) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.24 , pp. 167-174
    • Wiley, J.M.1    Seibel, N.L.2    Walsh, T.J.3
  • 159
    • 0021525290 scopus 로고
    • Combined therapy with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine for Candida meningitis
    • Smego RA, Jr., Perfect JR, Durack DT. Combined therapy with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine for Candida meningitis. Rev Infect Dis 1984;6:791-801.
    • (1984) Rev Infect Dis , vol.6 , pp. 791-801
    • Smego Jr., R.A.1    Perfect, J.R.2    Durack, D.T.3
  • 160
    • 0023634292 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of amphotericin B plus flucytosine in 194 patients with cryptococcal meningitis
    • Stamm AM, Diasio RB, Dismukes WE, et al. Toxicity of amphotericin B plus flucytosine in 194 patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Am J Med 1987;83:236-242.
    • (1987) Am J Med , vol.83 , pp. 236-242
    • Stamm, A.M.1    Diasio, R.B.2    Dismukes, W.E.3
  • 161
    • 33751197288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of excessive concentrations of 5-flucytosine in children aged below 12 years: A 12-year review of serum concentrations from a UK clinical assay reference laboratory
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.07.013, PII S0924857906003335
    • 161. Soltani M, Tobin CM, Bowker KE, et al. Evidence of excessive concentrations of 5-flucytosine in children aged below 12 years: a 12-year review of serum concentrations from a UK clinical assay reference laboratory. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006; 28:574-577. (Pubitemid 44779176)
    • (2006) International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 574-577
    • Soltani, M.1    Tobin, C.M.2    Bowker, K.E.3    Sunderland, J.4    MacGowan, A.P.5    Lovering, A.M.6
  • 162
    • 0026574215 scopus 로고
    • Safety and pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in children with neoplastic diseases
    • Lee JW, Seibel NL, Amantea M, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in children with neoplastic diseases. J Pediatr 1992; 120:987-993.
    • (1992) J Pediatr , vol.120 , pp. 987-993
    • Lee, J.W.1    Seibel, N.L.2    Amantea, M.3
  • 163
    • 0028795288 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in immune-compromised children with leukemia or other hematologic diseases
    • Seay RE, Larson TA, Toscano JP, et al. Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in immune-compromised children with leukemia or other hematologic diseases. Pharmacotherapy 1995; 15:52-58.
    • (1995) Pharmacotherapy , vol.15 , pp. 52-58
    • Seay, R.E.1    Larson, T.A.2    Toscano, J.P.3
  • 165
    • 0036788061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful discontinuation of fluconazole as secondary prophylaxis for cryptococcosis in AIDS patients responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Sheng WH, Hung CC, Chen MY, et al. Successful discontinuation of fluconazole as secondary prophylaxis for cryptococcosis in AIDS patients responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Int J STD AIDS 2002; 13:702-705.
    • (2002) Int J STD AIDS , vol.13 , pp. 702-705
    • Sheng, W.H.1    Hung, C.C.2    Chen, M.Y.3
  • 166
    • 0035958771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cessation of secondary prophylaxis in patients with cryptococcosis
    • DOI 10.1097/00002030-200107270-00015
    • 166. Nwokolo NC, Fisher M, Gazzard BG, et al. Cessation of secondary prophylaxis in patients with cryptococcosis. AIDS 2001; 15:1438-1439. (Pubitemid 32662297)
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , Issue.11 , pp. 1438-1439
    • Nwokolo, N.C.1    Fisher, M.2    Gazzard, B.G.3    Nelson, M.R.4
  • 167
    • 33644843752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune reconstitution syndrome after highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected Thai children
    • DOI 10.1097/01.inf.0000195618.55453.9a, PII 0000645420060100000013
    • 167. Puthanakit T, Oberdorfer P, Akarathum N, et al. Immune reconstitution syndrome after highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected Thai children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:53-58. (Pubitemid 43361477)
    • (2006) Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-58
    • Puthanakit, T.1    Oberdorfer, P.2    Akarathum, N.3    Wannarit, P.4    Sirisanthana, T.5    Sirisanthana, V.6
  • 168
    • 33748557483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antifungals
    • Andes D. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antifungals. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2006;20:679-697.
    • (2006) Infect Dis Clin North Am , vol.20 , pp. 679-697
    • Andes, D.1
  • 169
    • 0028854460 scopus 로고
    • Amphotericin B as primary therapy for cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS: Reliability of rdatively high doses administered over a relatively short period
    • de Lalla F, Pellizzer G, Vaglia A, et al. Amphotericin B as primary therapy for cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS: reliability of rdatively high doses administered over a relatively short period. Clin Infect Dis 1995;20:263-266.
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis , vol.20 , pp. 263-266
    • De Lalla, F.1    Pellizzer, G.2    Vaglia, A.3
  • 170
    • 0035700466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis in Thailand treated with high-dose amphotericin B
    • DOI 10.1053/jinf.2001.0916
    • 170. Pitisuttithum P, Tansuphasawadikul S, Simpson AJ, et al. A prospective study of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis in Thailand treated with high-dose amphotericin B. J Infect 2001;43:226-233. (Pubitemid 34100463)
    • (2001) Journal of Infection , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 226-233
    • Pitisuttithum, P.1    Tansuphasawadikul, S.2    Simpson, A.J.H.3    Howe, P.A.4    White, N.J.5
  • 172
    • 0035196105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical presentation, natural history, and cumulative death rates of 230 adults with primary cryptococcal meningitis in Zambian AIDS patients treated under local conditions
    • DOI 10.1136/pmj.77.914.769
    • 172. Mwaba P, Mwansa J, Chintu C, et al. Clinical presentation, natural history, and cumulative death rates of 230 adults with primary cryptococcal meningitis in Zambian AIDS patients treated under local conditions. Postgrad Med J 2001;77:769-773. (Pubitemid 33116512)
    • (2001) Postgraduate Medical Journal , vol.77 , Issue.914 , pp. 769-773
    • Mwaba, P.1    Mwansa, J.2    Chintu, C.3    Pobee, J.4    Scarborough, M.5    Portsmouth, S.6    Zumla, A.7
  • 173
    • 33847122465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis initially treated with 200 mg/day or 400 mg/day of fluconazole
    • DOI 10.1186/1471-2334-6-118
    • 173. Schaars CF, Meintjes GA, Morroni C, et al. Outcome of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis initially treated with 200 mg/day or 400 mg/day of fluconazole. BMC Infect. Dis 2006; 6:118. (Pubitemid 46277110)
    • (2006) BMC Infectious Diseases , vol.6 , pp. 118
    • Schaars, C.F.1    Meintjes, G.A.2    Morroni, C.3    Post, F.A.4    Maartens, G.5
  • 174
    • 0029941475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of experimental cryptococcal meningitis with fluconazole: Impact of dose and addition of flucytosine on mycologic and pathophysiologic outcome
    • 174. Kartalija M, Kaye K, Tureen JH, et al. Treatment of experimental cryptococcal meningitis with fluconazole: impact of dose and addition of flucytosine on mycologic and pathophysiologic outcome. J Infect Dis 1996;173:1216-1221. (Pubitemid 26251466)
    • (1996) Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol.173 , Issue.5 , pp. 1216-1221
    • Kartalija, M.1    Kaye, K.2    Tureen, J.H.3    Liu, Q.4    Tauber, M.G.5    Elliott, B.R.6    Sande, M.A.7
  • 175
    • 0029125612 scopus 로고
    • Safety, plasma concentrations, and efficacy of high-dose fluconazole in invasive mold infections
    • Anaissie EJ, Kontoyiannis DP, Huls C, et al. Safety, plasma concentrations, and efficacy of high-dose fluconazole in invasive mold infections. J Infect Dis 1995;172:599-602.
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.172 , pp. 599-602
    • Anaissie, E.J.1    Kontoyiannis, D.P.2    Huls, C.3
  • 176
    • 0042371875 scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus meningitis arrested with amphotericin B
    • Appelbaum E, Shtokalko S. Cryptococcus meningitis arrested with amphotericin B. Ann Intern Med 1957;47:346-351.
    • (1957) Ann Intern Med , vol.47 , pp. 346-351
    • Appelbaum, E.1    Shtokalko, S.2
  • 177
    • 56749102465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose response effect of high-dose fluconazole for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in southwestern Uganda
    • Longley N, Muzoora C, Taseera K, et al. Dose response effect of high-dose fluconazole for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in southwestern Uganda. Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:1556-1561.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.47 , pp. 1556-1561
    • Longley, N.1    Muzoora, C.2    Taseera, K.3
  • 178
    • 33947395322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma nevirapine levels, adverse events and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients concurrently receiving nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy and fluconazole
    • DOI 10.1186/1471-2334-7-14
    • 178. Manosuthi W, Athichathanabadi C, Uttayamakul S, et al. Plasma nevirapine levels, adverse events and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients concurrently receiving nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy and fluconazole. BMC Infect Dis 2007; 7:14. (Pubitemid 46455921)
    • (2007) BMC Infectious Diseases , vol.7 , pp. 14
    • Manosuthi, W.1    Athichathanabadi, C.2    Uttayamakul, S.3    Phoorisri, T.4    Sungkanuparph, S.5
  • 179
    • 23044457388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are adverse events of nevirapine and efavirenz related to plasma concentrations
    • Kappelhoff BS, van Leth F, Robinson PA, et al. Are adverse events of nevirapine and efavirenz related to plasma concentrations? Antivir Ther 2005; 10:489-498.
    • (2005) Antivir Ther , vol.10 , pp. 489-498
    • Kappelhoff, B.S.1    Van Leth, F.2    Robinson, P.A.3
  • 180
    • 0036847341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population pharmacokinetic metaanalysis with efavirenz
    • Barrett JS, Joshi AS, Chai M, et al. Population pharmacokinetic metaanalysis with efavirenz. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;40:507-519.
    • (2002) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.40 , pp. 507-519
    • Barrett, J.S.1    Joshi, A.S.2    Chai, M.3
  • 181
    • 0025726298 scopus 로고
    • Combined therapy with fluconazole and flucytosine in murine cryptococcal meningitis
    • Allendoerfer R, Marquis AJ, Rinaldi MG, et al. Combined therapy with fluconazole and flucytosine in murine cryptococcal meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991;35:726-729.
    • (1991) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.35 , pp. 726-729
    • Allendoerfer, R.1    Marquis, A.J.2    Rinaldi, M.G.3
  • 183
    • 13344285341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii and var. neoformans in Papua New Guinea
    • Laurenson IF, Trevett AJ, Lalloo DG, et al. Meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii and var. neoformans in Papua New Guinea. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996;90:57-60.
    • (1996) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.90 , pp. 57-60
    • Laurenson, I.F.1    Trevett, A.J.2    Lalloo, D.G.3
  • 184
    • 0027976707 scopus 로고
    • Failure of the cryptococcal serum antigen test to detect primary pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus [6]
    • 184. Taelman H, Bogaerts J, Batungwanayo J, et al. Failure of the cryptococcal serum antigen test to detect primary pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 1994;18:119-120. (Pubitemid 24025933)
    • (1994) Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-120
    • Taelman, H.1    Bogaerts, J.2    Batungwanayo, J.3    Van De Perre, P.4    Lucas, S.5    Allen, S.6
  • 185
    • 33750282174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus gattii infection: Characteristics and epidemiology of cases identified in a South African province with high HIV seroprevalence, 2002-2004
    • Morgan J, McCarthy KM, Gould S, et al. Cryptococcus gattii infection: characteristics and epidemiology of cases identified in a South African province with high HIV seroprevalence, 2002-2004. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:1077-1080.
    • (2006) Clin Infect Dis , vol.43 , pp. 1077-1080
    • Morgan, J.1    McCarthy, K.M.2    Gould, S.3
  • 186
    • 59749083143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifungal susceptibilities among different serotypes of Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans
    • Thompson GR 3rd, Wiederhold NP, Fothergill AW, et al. Antifungal susceptibilities among different serotypes of Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53: 309-311.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 309-311
    • Thompson, G.R.1    Wiederhold, N.P.2    Fothergill, A.W.3
  • 187
    • 33745165876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibilities of Malaysian clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii to five antifungal drugs
    • Tay ST, Tanty Haryanty T, Ng KP, et al. In vitro susceptibilities of Malaysian clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii to five antifungal drugs. Mycoses 2006; 49:324-330.
    • (2006) Mycoses , vol.49 , pp. 324-330
    • Tay, S.T.1    Tanty Haryanty, T.2    Ng, K.P.3
  • 188
    • 0027966536 scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcal meningitis (C. neoformans var. gattii) leading to blindness in previously healthy Melanesian adults in Papua New Guinea
    • Lalloo D, Fisher D, Naraqi S, et al. Cryptococcal meningitis (C. neoformans var. gattii) leading to blindness in previously healthy Melanesian adults in Papua New Guinea. Q J Med 1994;87:343-349.
    • (1994) Q J Med , vol.87 , pp. 343-349
    • Lalloo, D.1    Fisher, D.2    Naraqi, S.3
  • 189
    • 28244446630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptococcus gattii: In vitro susceptibility to the new antifungal albaconazole versus fluconazole and voriconazole
    • Morera-Lopez Y, Torres-Rodriguez JM, Jimenez-Cabello T, et al. Cryptococcus gattii: in vitro susceptibility to the new antifungal albaconazole versus fluconazole and voriconazole. Med Mycol 2005; 43:505-510.
    • (2005) Med Mycol , vol.43 , pp. 505-510
    • Morera-Lopez, Y.1    Torres-Rodriguez, J.M.2    Jimenez-Cabello, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.