Electrovariable nanoplasmonics and self-assembling smart mirrors

Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Volumn 114, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 1735-1747

  Flatte M E ^a   Kornyshev, A A ^b   Urbakh, M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONCENTRATION OF; ELECTRICALLY TUNABLE; ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS; IMMISCIBLE ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTIONS; LIQUID-LIQUID INTERFACES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; NANOPLASMONICS; NEW APPROACHES; NEW DIRECTIONS; OPERATION PRINCIPLES; POTENTIAL VARIATIONS; REFLECTION OF LIGHT; SELF-ASSEMBLING; SOLID/LIQUID; TRANSPARENT ELECTRODE; VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED;

ELECTROCHEMICAL ELECTRODES; LIGHT REFLECTION; LIQUIDS; MIRRORS; NANOPARTICLES;

VANADIUM;

EID: 75749086457     PISSN: 19327447     EISSN: 19327455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp9083234     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Kawata, S.; Ohtus, M.; Irie, M. Nanooptics; Springer: New York, 2002.
2. Prassad, P. N. Nanophotonics; Wiley: New York, 2004.
3. Masuhara, H., Kawata, S., Eds.; Nanoplasmonics: from Fundamentals to Applications; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2005.
4. Shalaev, V. M., Kawata, S., Eds.; Nanophotonics with Surface Plasmons; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2007.
5. Mie, G. Ann. Phys. 1908, 25, 377.
6. Raether, H. Surface Plasmons on Smooth and Rough Surfaces and on Gratings; Springer: New York, 1988.
7. Liebsch, A. CollectiVe Excitations at Metal Surfaces; Plenum Press: New York, 1997.
8. Kerker, M. The Scattering of Light And Other Electromagnetic Radiation; Academic Press: New York, 1969.
9. Bohren, C. F.; Hoffman, D. R. Adsorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles; Wiley- Interscience: New York, 1983.
10. Kreibig, U.; Vollmer, M. Optical Properties of Metal Clusters. Springer Series in Material Science 25; Springer: Berlin, 1995.
11. Kreibig, U. Optical Properties of Small Particles, Interfaces and Surfaces, Metal Clusters. Handbook of Optical properties, 2nd ed.; Hummel, R. E., Wisseman, P., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1997, pp 145-190.
12. Montgomery, J. M.; Lee, T.-W.; Gray, S. K. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 2008, 20, 323201.
13. Tamaru, H.; Kuwata, H.; Miyazaki, H. T.; Miyano, K. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 1826.
14. Qiu, T.; Wu, X. L.; Cheng, Y. C.; Siu, G. G.; Chu, P. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88, 143111.
15. Srivastava, S.; Kotov, N. A. Soft Matter 2009, 5, 1146.
16. Schief, W. R.; R Dennis, Sh.; Frey, W.; Vogel, V. Colloids Surf. 2000, 171, 75.
17. Reincke, F.; Hickey, S. G.; Kegel, W. K.; Vanmaekelbergh, D. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 458.
18. Binder, W. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 5712.
19. Boeker, A.; He, J.; Emrick, T.; Russel, T. P. Soft Matter 2007, 3, 1231.
20. Yogev, D.; Efrima, S. J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 5754.
21. Efrima, S. Crit. Rev. Surf. Chem. 1988, 1, 167.
22. Gordon, K. C.; McGarvey, J. J.; Taylor, K. P. J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 6814.
23. Yockell-Lelievre, H.; Borra, E. F.; Ritcey, A. M.; da Silva Jr, L. V. Appl. Opt. 2003, 42, 1882.
24. Truong, L.; Borra, E. F.; Bergamasco, R.; Caron, N.; Laird, Ph.; Ritcey, A. M. Appl. Opt. 2005, 44, 1595.
25. Gingras, G.; Dery, J.-P.; Yockell-Lelliever, H.; Borra, E.; Ritcey, A. M. Colloids Surf. 2006, 279, 79.
26. Kelly, K. L.; Coronado, E.; Zhao, L. L.; Schatz, G. C. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 668.
27. Tomlin, S. G. J. Phys. D 1968, 1, 1667.
28. Underwood, S.; Mulvaney, P. Langmuir 1994, 10, 3427-3430.
29. Maxwell-Garnett, C. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 1904, 203, 385.
30. Persson, B. N.; Liebsch, A. Phys. Rev. B 1983, 28, 4247.
31. Flatté, M.; Kornyshev, A. A.; Urbakh, M. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 2008, 20, 0713102.
32. Girault, H. H.; Schiffrin, D. H. In Electroanalytical Chemistry; Bard, A. J., Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1989; Vol. 15, p 1.
33. Girault, H. H. In Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry; Bockris, J. O., et al., Eds.; Plenum: New York, 1993; Vol. 25, p 1.
34. Girault, H. Nat. Mater. 2006, 5, 851.
35. Flatté, M. E.; Kornyshev, A. A.; Urbakh, M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105, 18212.
36. Kornyshev, A. A.; Kuimova, M.; Kuznetsov, A. M.; Ulstrup, J.; Urbakh, M. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 2007, 19, 375111.
37. Cheng, Y.; Schiffrin, D. J. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1996, 92, 3865.
38. Johans, C.; Lahtinen, R.; Kontturi, K.; Schiffrin, D. J. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2000, 488, 99.
39. Su, B.; Abid, J.-P.; Fermin, D. J.; Girault, H. H.; Hoffmannova, H.; Krtil, P.; Samec, Z. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 915.
40. Su, B.; Fermin, D. J.; Abid, J.-P.; Eugster, N.; Girault, H. H. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2005, 583, 241.
41. Ribeaucourt, L. Assembly of gold nanopaticles and introduction to surface plasmon resonance, Masters Dissertation, Ph.D. Thesis; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne: Lausanne, 2008.
42. One of the popular methods is due to Turkevich et al. (Turkevich, J.; Stevenson, P. C.; Hiller, J. Discuss Faraday Soc. 1951, 11, 55) in which the synthesis takes place in water and ligands contain mercaptane groups. C 2007, 111, 8849-8855.
43. Flatte, M. E.; Kornyshev, A. A.; Urbakh, M. Faraday Discuss. 2009, 143, 109.
44. Another method is due to Brust et al. (Brust, M.; Walker, M.; Bethell, D.; Schiffrin, D. J.; Whyman, R. Chem. Commun. 1994, 801-802) who suggested a design for production of nanoparticles in the organic liquids, insoluble in water. This may be particularly interesting if one wants to achieve adsorption of such nanoparticles to the interface from the oil side.
45. The shown curves correspond to certain values of those parameters and they are focused on highlighting the possibility for voltage induced adsorption-desorption of large nanoparticles, the effect necessary for our optical device. Specifically, we considered very large charges of nanoparticles (-1000e). Such values are not impossible, but so far have not been reported in the literature. Definitely, having the highest possible charge values has an advantage of a maximal response to potential variation, as is seen in Figure 2. Such strong coupling is needed to be able to move the particles in and out of the adsorption well with the electric field for the values of surface tension parameters used in our estimates. However, we must admit that, strictly speaking, we do not know those parameters, not only because of the well-known inaccuracy of measurements of the ITIES surface tension, but primarily because we deal here not with a pure silver surface, but a functionalized one. Indeed, the surface tension of silver/water and silver/oil interface will depend on the surface concentration of functional groups; it will also be affected by the concentrations of inorganic and organic electrolytes. These in the end will affect the nanoparticle/ITIES contact angle. Without specially performed measurements we have only vague knowledge of its possible value. It may well happen that the "capillary drive" of the nanoparticles to the interface will be much weaker than used in Figure 2. We then may not need such a large value of the charge of nanoparticles for the electric-filed controlled manipulation of their positions relative to the interface.
46. Reincke, F.; Kegel, W. K.; Zhang, H.; Nolte, M.; Wang, D.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.; Moewald, H. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2006, 8, 3828.
47. Kornyshev, A. A.; Vilfan, I. Electrochim. Acta 1994, 40, 109.
48. Zangi, R.; Rice, S. Phys. Rev. E 1998, 58, 7529.
49. Kramers, H. A. Physica 1940, 7, 248.
50. Hänngi, P.; Talkner, P.; Borkovec, M. Rev. Mod. Phys. 1990), 62, 251.
51. Kalia, R. K.; Vashishta, P. J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 1981, 14, L643.
52. ∞ in Vorotyntesev, M. A.; Kornyshev, A. A. Soviet Electrochem. 1984, 20, 1.
53. Persson, B. N.; Liebsch, A. Phys.Rev.B 1983, 28, 4247.
54. 26 Unfortunately, the multipole contributions to the optical response may increase not only with the radius of nanoparticles but with decrease of the distance between them. We are not aware of any theory for an optical response of a nanoparticle monolayer that includes the quadrupolar polarizability. Without a detailed theory it is difficult to assess how strong will be its effect in dense monolayers, and this is an interesting area for future research.
55. For example, see: (a) Hurley, M. M.; Singer, S. J. J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 1939.
56. Born, M.; Wolf, E. Principles of Optics, 3rd ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1965.
57. Sihvola, A. Electromagnetic Mixing Formulas and Applications; Institute of Electrical Engineers: New York, 1999.
58. Bruggeman, D. A. G. Ann. Phys. 1935, 24, 636.
59. There is an informative webpage on smart glasses: http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Smart-glass#Suspended-particle-deviul.
60. http://www.physorg.com/news89369874.html.
61. http://www.nanocs.com/Silver-nanoparticles.htm.
62. Murrey, R. W. Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 2688.
63. Damaskin, B. B.; Petrii, O. A.; Batrakov, V. V. Adsorption of organic compounds on electrodes; Plenum: New York, 1971; p 499.
64. Kornyshev, A. A.; Schmickler, W. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1986, 202, 1.
65. Vorotyntsev, M. A.; Kornyshev, A. A.; Rubinshtein, A. I. Dokl. AN SSSR. 1979, 248, 1321; erratum: 1980, 225, 1288.
66. Vorotyntsev, M. A.; Kornyshev, A. A.; Rubinshtein, A. I. Dokl. AN SSSR. erratum: 1980, 225, 1288
67. Bagchi, A.; Barrera, R. G.; Fuchs, F. Phys. Rev. B 1982, 25, 7086.
68. Barrera, R. G.; Castillo-Mussot, M.; Monsivais, G.; Villasenor, P.; Mochan, W. L. Phys. Rev. B 1991, 43, 13819.
69. Brodsky, A. M.; Urbakh, M. I. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1987, 228, 179.
70. Dingam, M. J.; Moskovits, M.; Stobie, R. W. Trans. Faraday Soc. 1971, 67, 3306-3317.