메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 557-574

'And he said they were Ju/Wasi, the people...': History and myth in john marshall's 'bushmen films' 1957-2000

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ART; COMPLEXITY; DOCUMENTARY SOURCE; ETHNIC GROUP; HISTORICAL RECORD; PERCEPTION;

EID: 75649142589     PISSN: 03057070     EISSN: 14653893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03057070903101813     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (2)

References (112)
  • 1
    • 75649147552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • A feature-length documentary is usually the length of a feature fiction film; 52 minutes or longer.
  • 3
    • 75649104464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some interesting analysis of this Bushmen iconography includes M. Godby, 'Images of //Kabbo', in P. Skotnes (ed.), Cape Town, University of Cape Town Press
    • Some interesting analysis of this Bushmen iconography includes M. Godby, 'Images of //Kabbo', in P. Skotnes (ed.), Miscast: Negotiating the Presence of the Bushmen (Cape Town, University of Cape Town Press, 1996), pp. 115-27.
    • (1996) Miscast: Negotiating the Presence of The Bushmen , pp. 115-127
  • 6
    • 84906209410 scopus 로고
    • First people? images and imaginations in SA iconography
    • E.N. Wilmsen, 'First People? Images and Imaginations in SA Iconography', Critical Arts, 9, 2 (1995), pp. 1-27.
    • (1995) Critical Arts , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-27
    • Wilmsen, E.N.1
  • 9
    • 0004019315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Johannes Fabian quoted in R.J. Gordon, (Cape Town, David Philip Publishers)
    • Johannes Fabian quoted in R.J. Gordon, Picturing Bushmen: The Denver African Expedition of 1925 (Cape Town, David Philip Publishers, 1997), p. 122.
    • (1997) Picturing Bushmen: The Denver African Expedition of 1925 , pp. 122
  • 12
    • 0012125985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primal anxiety, sanctified landscapes: The imagery of primitiveness in the ethnographic fictions of laurens van der post
    • (March-June)
    • and E.N. Wilmsen, 'Primal Anxiety, Sanctified Landscapes: The Imagery of Primitiveness in the Ethnographic Fictions of Laurens van der Post', Visual Anthropology, 15 (March-June 2002), pp. 143-201.
    • (2002) Visual Anthropology , vol.15 , pp. 143-201
    • Wilmsen, E.N.1
  • 13
    • 0042286562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Bain's Bushmen": Scenes from the Empire Exhibition, 1936
    • in B. Lindfors (ed.), Cape Town, David Phillip
    • See R.J. Gordon, '"Bain's Bushmen": Scenes from the Empire Exhibition, 1936', in B. Lindfors (ed.), Africans on Stage (Cape Town, David Phillip, 1999), pp. 266-89.
    • (1999) Africans on Stage , pp. 266-289
    • See, R.J.1
  • 14
    • 75649100692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fashioning the Bushmen in Van Riebeeck's Cape Town, 1952 and 1993
    • in Skotnes (ed.)
    • and R. Gordon, C. Rassool and L. Witz, 'Fashioning the Bushmen in Van Riebeeck's Cape Town, 1952 and 1993', in Skotnes (ed.), Miscast, pp. 259-61.
    • Miscast , pp. 259-261
    • Gordon, R.1    Rassool, C.2    Witz, L.3
  • 15
    • 75649097979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gathering the hunters: Bushmen in German (Colonial) anthropology
    • See for example, in G. Penny and M. Bunzl (eds), (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press)
    • See for example, R.J. Gordon, 'Gathering the Hunters: Bushmen in German (Colonial) Anthropology', in G. Penny and M. Bunzl (eds), Worldly Provincialism: German Anthropology in the Age of Empire (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 2002), pp. 256-82.
    • (2002) Worldly Provincialism: German Anthropology in the Age of Empire , pp. 256-282
    • Gordon, R.J.1
  • 17
    • 0012121515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge as the source of progress: The marshall family testament
    • E.N. Wilmsen, 'Knowledge as the Source of Progress: The Marshall Family Testament', Visual Anthropology, 12 (1999), pp. 213-65.
    • (1999) Visual Anthropology , vol.12 , pp. 213-265
    • Wilmsen, E.N.1
  • 18
    • 0001275606 scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic Change among the Basarwa in Botswana: An Ethnohistorical Analysis
    • (Summer)
    • R.K. Hitchcock, 'Socioeconomic Change among the Basarwa in Botswana: An Ethnohistorical Analysis', Ethnohistory, 34, 3 (Summer 1987), pp. 219-55.
    • (1987) Ethnohistory , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 219-255
    • Hitchcock, R.K.1
  • 19
    • 75649117992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • The Ju/Wasi are a branch of the Northern Namibian and Northwest Botswana Bushmen who speak a version of the Kung language.
  • 21
    • 75649120172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • There are a number of variant spellings of the term 'Ju/Wasi'. Toby Alice Volkman explains: 'All northern San speak a language known as !Kung. !Kung speakers are themselves divided into three different groups. One of these groups includes 6,000 San in Namibia and Botswana who call themselves Ju/Wasi (or Zhu/twasi), "the true people". In the !Kung language, ju means "person", wa means "true, pure, real"; and si is the plural suffix'.
  • 22
    • 84913429691 scopus 로고
    • The San in Transition. Vol. One: A Guide to N!ai: The Story of a !Kung Woman
    • Occasional paper no. 9, (Cambridge)
    • T.A Volkman, 'The San in Transition. Vol. One: A Guide to N!ai: The Story of a !Kung Woman', Occasional paper no. 9, 'Cultural Survival and DER' (Cambridge, 1982), p. 1.
    • (1982) Cultural Survival and Der , pp. 1
    • Volkman, T.A.1
  • 23
    • 5444274071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychospiritual Ecoscience: The Ju/'Hoansi and Cultural Tourism
    • Another often-used variant is 'Ju/'Hoansi', see for example
    • Another often-used variant is 'Ju/'Hoansi', see for example, K. Tomaselli, 'Psychospiritual Ecoscience: The Ju/'Hoansi and Cultural Tourism', in Visual Anthropology, 12 (1999), p. 185.
    • (1999) Visual Anthropology , vol.12 , pp. 185
    • Tomaselli, K.1
  • 24
    • 75649140041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • In the absence of a clear rule of usage amongst anthropologists, I have chosen to use the variant 'Ju/Wasi' because that is the spelling that John Marshall himself used most often.
  • 25
    • 75649098475 scopus 로고
    • Where Are the Ju/Wasi of Nyae Nyae? Changes in a Bushmen Society: 1958-1981
    • See for example, Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town Press,
    • See for example J. Marshall and C. Ritchie, 'Where Are the Ju/Wasi of Nyae Nyae? Changes in a Bushmen Society: 1958-1981', Communications, 9 (Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town Press, 1984).
    • (1984) Communications , vol.9
    • Marshall, J.1    Ritchie, C.2
  • 26
    • 60949166885 scopus 로고
    • At the Other End of the Camera
    • J. Marshall, 'At the Other End of the Camera', Visual Anthropology, 5 (1992), p. 169.
    • (1992) Visual Anthropology , vol.5 , pp. 169
    • Marshall, J.1
  • 28
    • 6344229152 scopus 로고
    • An Argument about a Film
    • See also, in J. Ruby (ed., Switzerland, Harwood Academic Publishers)
    • See also N.L. Gonzalez, 'An Argument about a Film', in J. Ruby (ed.), The Cinema of John Marshall (Switzerland, Harwood Academic Publishers, 1993), pp. 179-91.
    • (1993) The Cinema of John Marshall , pp. 179-191
    • Gonzalez, N.L.1
  • 29
    • 75649140712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • Hitchcock writes, 'During the 1950s and 1960s, when intensive, long-term ethnographic research began to be undertaken among the Basarwa [Bushmen], much of it concentrated on foraging populations. This intentional bias was prompted in part by the fear the hunting-and-gathering way of life was not going to survive much longer. The Marshall family looked specifically for 'unacculturated Bushmen' who were living 'in complete independence' from other groups'.
  • 37
    • 75649085092 scopus 로고
    • in F. Hardy (ed.), (London, Collins)
    • J. Grierson, in F. Hardy (ed.), Grierson on Documentary (London, Collins, 1964), pp. 79-80.
    • (1964) Grierson On Documentary , pp. 79-80
    • Grierson, J.1
  • 38
    • 84926274667 scopus 로고
    • The Problem of the Ethnographic Real
    • June
    • I.C. Jarvie, 'The Problem of the Ethnographic Real', Current Anthropology, 24, 3 (June 1983), p. 314.
    • (1983) Current Anthropology , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 314
    • Jarvie, I.C.1
  • 39
    • 75649114022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quoted from Lorna Marshall's diary in
    • Quoted from Lorna Marshall's diary in Gonzalez, 'An Argument about a Film', p. 182.
    • An Argument About a Film , pp. 182
    • Gonzalez1
  • 41
    • 75649112803 scopus 로고
    • Art, Science, or Politics? The Crises in Hunter-Gatherer Studies
    • (March)
    • R. Lee, 'Art, Science, or Politics? The Crises in Hunter-Gatherer Studies', American Anthropologist, New Series, 94, 1 (March 1992), pp. 41-2.
    • (1992) American Anthropologist, New Series , vol.94 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-42
    • Lee, R.1
  • 42
    • 84937274898 scopus 로고
    • Review of New World from Fragments: Film, Ethnography and the Representation of Northwest Coast Cultures
    • (September)
    • C.F. Roth, 'Review of New World from Fragments: Film, Ethnography and the Representation of Northwest Coast Cultures', American Anthropologists, New Series, 97, 3 (September 1995), p. 614.
    • (1995) American Anthropologists, New Series , vol.97 , Issue.3 , pp. 614
    • Roth, C.F.1
  • 45
    • 60949511559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Powering Popular Conceptions: The !Kung in the Marshall Family Expedition Films of the 1950s
    • K. Tomaselli and J.P. Homiak, 'Powering Popular Conceptions: The !Kung in the Marshall Family Expedition Films of the 1950s', Visual Anthropology, 12 (1999), pp. 160-1.
    • (1999) Visual Anthropology , vol.12 , pp. 160-161
    • Tomaselli, K.1    Homiak, J.P.2
  • 50
    • 75649149666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • In the 1970s and 1980s -Toma, later followed by his son Tsamko -Toma, became a leading figure in the Ju/Wasi Bushmen Development Foundation and later the Nyae Nyae Farmers' Co-operative, organisations that worked towards establishing sustainable small-scale agrarian economies in Nyae Nyae to provide a stable income for Ju/Wasi communities trapped in a cycle of poverty, alcoholism and dependency on government handouts.
  • 52
    • 84913429691 scopus 로고
    • The San in Transition, Vol. 1: A Guide to N!ai: The Story of a !Kung Woman
    • Occasional paper No. 9, (Cambridge)
    • T.A. Volkman, 'The San in Transition, Vol. 1: A Guide to N!ai: The Story of a !Kung Woman', Occasional paper No. 9, Cultural Survival and DER (Cambridge, 1982), pp. 17-18
    • (1982) Cultural Survival and Der , pp. 17-18
    • Volkman, T.A.1
  • 53
    • 75649098475 scopus 로고
    • Where are the Ju/Wasi of Nyae Nyae? Changes in a Bushmen Society: 1958-1981
    • (Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town Press)
    • and J. Marshall and C. Ritchie, 'Where are the Ju/Wasi of Nyae Nyae? Changes in a Bushmen Society: 1958-1981', Communications, 9 (Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town Press, 1984), pp. 69, 181-2.
    • (1984) Communications , vol.9 , pp. 181-182
    • Marshall, J.1    Ritchie, C.2
  • 55
    • 75649093946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a detailed background study of this film see
    • For a detailed background study of this film see Van Vuuren, 'The Great Dance', pp. 122-51.
    • The Great Dance , pp. 122-151
    • Vuuren, V.1
  • 56
    • 75649130574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The African I Know: Film and the Making of "Bushmen", in Laurens van der Post's Lost World of the Kalahari (1956)
    • See
    • See L. Van Vuuren, 'The African I Know: Film and the Making of "Bushmen", in Laurens van der Post's Lost World of the Kalahari (1956)', Kronos: Journal of Cape History, 32 (2006), pp. 140-3.
    • (2006) Kronos: Journal of Cape History , vol.32 , pp. 140-143
    • van Vuuren, L.1
  • 60
    • 75649110596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Argument about a Film
    • See a detailed discussion of the synthetic construction of, and its implications in Gonzalez
    • See a detailed discussion of the synthetic construction of The Hunters and its implications in Gonzalez, 'An Argument about a Film'.
    • The Hunters
  • 64
    • 0010532297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (New Jersey, Princeton University Press)
    • D. MacDougall, Transcultural Cinema (New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1993), p. 127.
    • (1993) Transcultural Cinema , pp. 127
    • Macdougall, D.1
  • 65
    • 61149662864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manthia Diarwara's Rouch in Reverse: An Interstitial Perspective
    • K.W. Harrow, 'Manthia Diarwara's Rouch in Reverse: An Interstitial Perspective', Critical Arts, 13, 1 (1999), p. 40.
    • (1999) Critical Arts , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 40
    • Harrow, K.W.1
  • 68
    • 75649126352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • It is important to note that Marshall consistently refers to his filmmaking style as Cinéma Vérité or CV, although the style he is referring to is in fact Direct Cinema and not the very different French Cinéma Vérité. This is probably the result of a tendency that developed to label American Direct Cinema incorrectly as Cinéma Vérité even though this conflated two very different forms.
  • 71
    • 85005271717 scopus 로고
    • Indigenous Media: Faustian Contract or Global Village?
    • (February)
    • F. Ginsberg, 'Indigenous Media: Faustian Contract or Global Village?', Cultural Anthropology, 6, 1 (February 1991), p. 95.
    • (1991) Cultural Anthropology , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 95
    • Ginsberg, F.1
  • 73
    • 7444221997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Berkley, University of California Press)
    • R. Niezen, The Origins of Indigenism (Berkley, University of California Press, 2002), pp. 3, 44-7.
    • (2002) The Origins of Indigenism , pp. 44-47
    • Niezen, R.1
  • 74
    • 75649117194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • 'Diegetic' refers to the 'world within the film', as a viewer would perceive it; non-diegetic refers to the world outside of the film, that which continues when the camera stops running.
  • 75
    • 0001859687 scopus 로고
    • An Enquiry into the Evolutionary Status and Apparent Identity of San Hunter-Gatherers
    • C. Schrire, 'An Enquiry into the Evolutionary Status and Apparent Identity of San Hunter-Gatherers', Human Ecology, 8 (1980), pp. 9-32.
    • (1980) Human Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 9-32
    • Schrire, C.1
  • 76
    • 85068199236 scopus 로고
    • The !Kung in the Kalahari Exchange: An Ethnohistorical Perspective
    • in C. Schrire (ed.), (Orlando, Academic Press)
    • R.J. Gordon, 'The !Kung in the Kalahari Exchange: An Ethnohistorical Perspective', in C. Schrire (ed.), Past and Present in Hunter-Gatherer Studies (Orlando, Academic Press, 1984), pp. 195-224.
    • (1984) Past and Present in Hunter-gatherer Studies , pp. 195-224
    • Gordon, R.J.1
  • 77
    • 85068202359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehistoric Herders and Foragers of the Kalahari: The Evidence for 1,500 Years of Interaction
    • in Schrire
    • J. Denbow, 'Prehistoric Herders and Foragers of the Kalahari: The Evidence for 1,500 Years of Interaction', in Schrire, Past and Present in Hunter-Gatherer Studies, pp. 175-93.
    • Past and Present in Hunter-gatherer Studies , pp. 175-193
    • Denbow, J.1
  • 80
    • 84935855036 scopus 로고
    • A New Look at the Later Prehistory of the Kalahari
    • J. Denbow, 'A New Look at the Later Prehistory of the Kalahari', Journal of African History, 27, 3 (1986), pp. 3-28.
    • (1986) Journal of African History , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 3-28
    • Denbow, J.1
  • 83
    • 75649110594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gordon's discussion of the 'Bushmen Tourist Boom
    • See
    • See Gordon's discussion of the 'Bushmen Tourist Boom' in, The Bushmen Myth, pp. 1-2.
    • The Bushmen Myth , pp. 1-2
  • 84
    • 60949537442 scopus 로고
    • The Hunter-Gatherer Myth in Southern Africa: Preserving Nature or Culture?'
    • See also
    • See also T.A. Volkman, 'The Hunter-Gatherer Myth in Southern Africa: Preserving Nature or Culture?', Cultural Survival Quarterly, 10 (1986), pp. 27-30
    • (1986) Cultural Survival Quarterly , vol.10 , pp. 27-30
    • Volkman, T.A.1
  • 86
    • 75649124712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • An excellent example of this is the decision to create the Central Kalahari Game Reserve as a place where Bushmen could enact their 'traditional lifestyles' unmolested by a hostile outside world.
  • 87
    • 0007173424 scopus 로고
    • Tourism, Conservation, and Culture in the Kalahari Desert, Botswana'
    • See
    • See Brandenburgh and Hitchcock, 'Tourism, Conservation, and Culture in the Kalahari Desert, Botswana', in Cultural Survival Quarterly, 14, 2 (1990), p. 24.
    • (1990) Cultural Survival Quarterly , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 24
  • 88
    • 60949275256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "We have to work with our own heads" (/Angn!ao): San Bushmen and the Media
    • K.G. Tomaselli, '".We have to work with our own heads" (/Angn!ao): San Bushmen and the Media', Visual Anthropology, 15 (2002), p. 203.
    • (2002) Visual Anthropology , vol.15 , pp. 203
    • Tomaselli, K.G.1
  • 91
    • 1842864132 scopus 로고
    • (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press)
    • P. Smith, The Historian and Film (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1976), p. 57.
    • (1976) The Historian and Film , pp. 57
    • Smith, P.1
  • 92
    • 75649125097 scopus 로고
    • Teaching the Hitler Period: History and Morality
    • (August)
    • G.R. Mork, 'Teaching the Hitler Period: History and Morality', The History Teacher, 13, 4 (August 1980), p. 519.
    • (1980) The History Teacher , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 519
    • Mork, G.R.1
  • 93
    • 75649150912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • The films of Riefenstahl have generated great debate, particularly as she herself claims them to be 'pure history' and not propaganda.
  • 94
    • 0001896073 scopus 로고
    • Fascinating Fascism
    • See for example, in B. Nichols (ed.), (Berkeley: University of California Press)
    • See for example S. Sontag, 'Fascinating Fascism', in B. Nichols (ed.), Movies and Methods (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976), pp. 31-43.
    • (1976) Movies and Methods , pp. 31-43
    • Sontag, S.1
  • 95
    • 75649107011 scopus 로고
    • The Fuehrer's Filmmaker
    • (August)
    • R. Grenier, 'The Fuehrer's Filmmaker', The Motion Picture Commentary, 98, 2 (August 1994), p. 48
    • (1994) The Motion Picture Commentary , vol.98 , Issue.2 , pp. 48
    • Grenier, R.1
  • 96
    • 75649133363 scopus 로고
    • Triumph of the Will: Documentary or Artifice?
    • and D.B. Hinton, 'Triumph of the Will: Documentary or Artifice?', Cinema Journal, 15, 1 (Autumn 1975), pp. 48-57.
    • (1975) Cinema Journal , vol.15 , Issue.1 Autumn , pp. 48-57
    • Hinton, D.B.1
  • 98
    • 22544485442 scopus 로고
    • Wreckage upon Wreckage: History, Documentary and the Ruins of Memory
    • (May)
    • P. Rabinowitz, 'Wreckage upon Wreckage: History, Documentary and the Ruins of Memory', History and Theory, 32, 2 (May 1993), p. 119.
    • (1993) History and Theory , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 119
    • Rabinowitz, P.1
  • 99
    • 75649083294 scopus 로고
    • Review of The Triumph of Propaganda: Film and National Socialism, 1933-1945
    • (December)
    • M. Housden, 'Review of The Triumph of Propaganda: Film and National Socialism, 1933-1945', The Historical Journal, 40, 4 (December 1991), p. 1,135.
    • (1991) The Historical Journal , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 1
    • Housden, M.1
  • 100
    • 75649150352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • Personal communication, Cynthia Close, Executive Director, Documentary Education Resources.
  • 101
    • 75649135703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • Personal communication from John Marshall.
  • 103
    • 75649096558 scopus 로고
    • The Gods Must Be Crazy III
    • Fei zhou he shang (The Gods Must Be Crazy III, 1991),
    • (1991) Fei Zhou He Shang
  • 104
    • 75649110593 scopus 로고
    • The Gods Must Be Crazy IV
    • Hconggong ya fungkwong (The Gods Must Be Crazy IV, 1993),
    • (1993) Hconggong Ya Fungkwong
  • 105
    • 75649131313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (The Gods Must Be Crazy V)
    • and Fei zhou chao ren (The Gods Must Be Crazy V, 1994).
    • Fei Zhou Chao Ren , pp. 1994
  • 107
    • 0038295962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jones, Storyteller, p. 369.
    • Storyteller , pp. 369
  • 109
    • 75649098476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • These included three prestigious Panda Awards (the equivalent of the Oscars for wildlife filmmaking), where Great Dance beat such noteworthy competition as the BBC/Discovery Channel's Walking with Dinosaurs
  • 110
    • 75649132391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Award-winning San doccie gets public's nod
    • See, (29 November 2000)
    • and Sir David Attenborough's Life of Birds. See 'Award-winning San doccie gets public's nod', at http://www.iol.co.za/general/news/newsprint.php?art_id1/4ct2000112913551046G307 (29 November 2000).
    • Life of Birds
    • Attenborough, D.1
  • 111
    • 38149000429 scopus 로고
    • Am I a Camera? Other Reflections on Film and History
    • (December)
    • D. Herlihy, 'Am I a Camera? Other Reflections on Film and History', American Historical Review, 93, 5 (December 1988), pp. 1,189.
    • (1988) American Historical Review , vol.93 , Issue.5
    • Herlihy, D.1
  • 112
    • 70350151538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildlife Media and Representations of Africa, 1950s to the 1970s
    • (unpublished paper, University of Oxford, forthcoming)
    • W. Beinart and K. McKeown, 'Wildlife Media and Representations of Africa, 1950s to the 1970s' (unpublished paper, University of Oxford, forthcoming 2009 in Environment and History).
    • (2009) Environment and History
    • Beinart, W.1    McKeown, K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.