What you count is what you target: The implications of maternal death classification for tracking progress towards reducing maternal mortality in developing countries

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Volumn 88, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 147-153

  Cross, Suzanne ^a   Bell, Jacqueline S ^a   Graham, Wendy J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPING WORLD; DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; MATERNAL MORTALITY; MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; EMERGENCY CARE; FEMALE; GHANA; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MALARIA; MATERNAL CARE; MATERNAL MORTALITY; MATERNAL WELFARE; OBSTETRIC CARE; POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; RWANDA; SEPSIS; SOUTH AFRICA;

CAUSE OF DEATH; DATA COLLECTION; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MATERNAL MORTALITY; PREGNANCY; WOMEN'S HEALTH; WORLD HEALTH;

ENGLAND; GHANA; RWANDA; SOUTH AFRICA; UNITED KINGDOM; WALES;

EID: 75649106118     PISSN: 00429686     EISSN: 15640604     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2471/BLT.09.063537     Document Type: Review

References (34)

1. Campbell OM, Graham W, Lancet Maternal Survival Series steering group. Strategies for reducing maternal mortality: getting on with what works. Lancet 2006;368:1284-99. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69381-1 PMID:17027735
2. Maternal mortality in 2000: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. 2004. Available from: http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2003/who- saf-22oct.pdf
3. Clemens M, Kenny C, Moss T. The trouble with the MDGs: confronting expectations of aid and development success. World Dev 2007;35:735-51. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.08.003
4. Hussein J, Braunholtz D, D'Ambruoso L. Maternal health in the year 2076. Lancet 2008;371:203-4. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60130-0 PMID:18207013
5. Hill K, Thomas K, AbouZahr C, Walker N, Say L, Inoue M, et al. Estimates of maternal mortality worldwide between 1990 and 2005: an assessment of available data. Lancet 2007;370:1311-9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61572-4 PMID:17933645
6. Graham WJ, Ahmed S, Stanton C, Abou-Zahr C, Campbell OM. Measuring maternal mortality: an overview of opportunities and options for developing countries. BMC Med 2008;6:12. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-6-12 PMID:18503716
7. Measuring maternal mortality: challenges, solutions and next steps. Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau; 2007. Available from: http://www.prb.org/pdf07/MeasuringMaternalMortality.pdf [accessed on 1 October 2009].
8. Kuo AM, Haukoos JS, Witt MD, Babaie ML, Lewis RJ. Recognition of undiagnosed HIV infection: an evaluation of missed opportunities in a predominantly urban minority population. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2005;19:239-46. doi:10.1089/apc.2005.19.239 PMID:15857195
9. Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, Gulmezoglu AM, Van Look PF. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. Lancet 2006;367:1066-74. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68397-9 PMID:16581405
10. Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries. Saving mothers lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer 2003-2005. 2007.
11. A global research initiative for the evaluation of safe motherhood intervention strategies. Immpact; 2008. Available from: http://www.immpact- international.org/ [accessed on 6 August 2008].
12. Bosu W, Bell J, Armar-Klemesu M, Ansong Tornui J. Effect of the delivery care user fee exemption policy on institutional maternal deaths in the Central and Volta regions of Ghana. Ghana Med J 2007;41:118-24. PMID:18470329
13. Penfold S, Harrison E, Bell J, Fitzmaurice A. Evaluation of the delivery fee exemption policy in Ghana: population estimates of changes in delivery service utilization in two regions. Ghana Med J 2007;41:100-9. PMID:18470327
14. Immpact toolkit: a guide and tools for maternal mortality programme assessment. Immpact; 2008. Available from: http://www.immpact-international. org/toolkit/ [accessed on 6 August 2008].
15. Macfarlane A, Mugford M. Birth counts: statistics of pregnancy and childbirth. United Kingdom: The Stationary Office; 2000.
16. United Nations. South Africa. Millennium development goals: country report 2005. Available from: http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/ South%20Africa/South%20Africa%20MDG%20Report.pdf [accessed on 6 August 2008].
17. Ordi J, Ismail MR, Carrilho C, Romagosa C, Osman N, Machungo F, et al. Clinico-pathological discrepancies in the diagnosis of causes of maternal death in sub-Saharan Africa: retrospective analysis. PLoS Med 2009;6:e1000036. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000036 PMID:19243215
18. Pattison B. Saving mothers: third report on confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in South Africa 2002-2004.
19. Bicego G, Boerma JT, Ronsmans C. The effect of AIDS on maternal mortality in Malawi and Zimbabwe. AIDS 2002;16:1078-81. doi:10.1097/00002030- 200205030-00019 PMID:11953479
20. Hammerich A, Campbell OM, Chandramohan D. Unstable malaria transmission and maternal mortality: experiences from Rwanda. Trop Med Int Health 2002;7:573-6. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00898.x PMID:12100439
21. Anya SE. Seasonal variation in the risk and causes of maternal death in the Gambia: malaria appears to be an important factor. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004;70:510-3. PMID:15155982
22. Etard JF, Kodio B, Ronsmans C. Seasonal variation in direct obstetric mortality in rural Senegal: role of malaria? Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003;68:503-4. PMID:12875305
23. McCaw-Binns A, Alexander SF, Lindo JL, Escoffery C, Spence K, Lewis-Bell K, et al. Epidemiologic transition in maternal mortality and morbidity: new challenges for Jamaica. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007;96:226-32. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2006.12.002 PMID:17306270
24. Graham WJ, Foster LB, Davidson L, Hauke E, Campbell OM. Measuring progress in reducing maternal mortality. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2008;22:425-45. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2007.12.001 PMID:18308640
25. Sombie I, Meda N, Hounton S, Bambara M, Ouedraogo T, Graham W. Missing maternal deaths: lessons from Souro Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Trop Doct 2007;37:96-8. doi:10.1258/004947507780609239 PMID:17540091
26. Qomariyah SN, Bell JS, Pambudi ES, Anggondowati T, Latief K, Achadi EL, et al. A practical approach to identifying maternal deaths missed from routine hospital reports: lessons from Indonesia. Global Health Action 2009. doi:10.3402/gha.v2i0.1905
27. AbouZahr C. Global burden of maternal death and disability. BMJ 2003;67:1-11.
28. Campbell OM, Ronsmans C. Verbal autopsies for maternal deaths: report of a WHO workshop, London, 10-13 January 1994. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1995.
29. Verbal autopsy. Maternal mortality measurement resource. Available from: http://www.maternal-mortality-measurement.org/MMMResource-Tool- VerbalAutopsy.html [accessed on 7 May 2009].
30. Immpact toolkit. Maternal death from informants and maternal death follow-on review (MADE-IN / MADE-FOR). Available from: http://www.immpact- international.org/toolkit/module4/mimf/ [accessed on 7 May 2009].
31. Fottrell E, Byass P, Ouedraogo TW, Tamini C, Gbangou A, Sombie I, et al. Revealing the burden of maternal mortality: a probabilistic model for determining pregnancy-related causes of death from verbal autopsies. Popul Health Metr 2007;5:1. doi:10.1186/1478-7954-5-1 PMID:17288607
32. Maine D, Akalin M, Ward V, Kamara, A. The design and evaluation of maternal mortality programs. 1997.
33. UNFPA. Programme manager's planning, monitoring & evaluation toolkit. Tool number 6: programme indicators. Part II: indicators for reducing maternal mortality. Available from: http://www.unfpa.org/monitoring/toolkit/ Tool6-2.doc [accessed on 16 June 2008].
34. Maine D, Bailey P. Indicators for design, monitoring and evaluation of maternal mortality programs. 2001.