Pedestrian disaster preparedness and emergency management of mass evacuations on foot: State-of-the-art and best practices

Journal of Applied Security Research

Volumn 3, Issue 3-4, 2008, Pages 389-405

  Ercolano, Jim ^a  

^a New York State Department of Transportation   (United States)

Author keywords

Pedestrian evacuation; Threat types scope scale; Walk out planning

Indexed keywords

EID: 75649093412     PISSN: 19361610     EISSN: 19361629     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/19361610801981068     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Patricia Millington and James M. Ercolano, Section 18.12.4: Designing for Disaster Preparedness, Chapter 18: Pedestrian Facility Design, NYSDOT Highway Design Manual (Albany, New York: March 2006): 18-70. https://www.nysdot.gov/portal/page/portal/divisions/engineering/design/dqab/hdm/hdm-repository/chapt18.pdf.
2. Patricia A. Boltan, Managing Pedestrians During Evacuation of Metropolitan Areas, Publication No. FHWA-HOP-07-066, Final Report, U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) (Washington, DC, March 2007): 11-12, 18, 39, 42, 45, 47-53, 56-57. http://ops.fhwa.dot./publications/pedevac/index.htm
3. Boltan, 11-12, 18, 39, 42, 45, 47-53, 56-57.
4. Allan J. DeBlasio, Terence J. Regan, Margaret E. Zirker, F. Brian Day,Michelle Crowder, Kathleen Bagdonas, Robert Brodesky, and Dan Morin, Effects of Catastrophic Events on Transportation Systems Management and Operations: New York City- September 11, USDOT, John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts (April 21, 2002): 46.
5. Andrew Alper, Susan Kupferman, and the New York City Emergency Response Task Force, Enhancing New York City's Emergency Preparedness: A Report to Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg (October 28, 2003): 2.
6. Allan J. DeBlasio, Terrance J. Regan, Margaret E. Zirker, Kristin Lovejoy, and Kate Fichter, Learning from the 2003 Blackout, Public Roads (September/October 2004): 22-37. www.tfhrc.gov
7. Millington and Ercolano, 18-70.
8. Charles V. Zegeer, Laura Sandt, Michael Ronkin, Mike Cynecki, Peter Lagerway, Helen Chaney, Bastian Schroeder, and Emily Snyder, Importance of Pedestrian Facilities in Disaster Preparedness: State of New York (article authored by James M. Ercolano), How to Develop a Pedestrian Safety Action Plan, USDOT/FHWA, Publication No. FHWA-SA-05-12, Chapel Hill, N.C. (February 2006): 15. www.walkinginfo.org/pp/howtoguide2006.htm
9. James M. Ercolano, Pedestrian Disaster Preparedness: What's a Walk-out Plan? by the NYSDOT Community Assistance Delivery Bureau, provided as a power-point presentation for the Transportation Research Board (TRB) Committee on Pedestrians, Madison, Wisconsin (6 September 2006): 1-6.
10. James M. Ercolano, Importance of Pedestrian Facilities and Walk-out Plans in Disaster Preparedness: Why Walking is the Primary Mode of Urban Evacuation during Sudden Catastrophic Events, by the NYSDOT Community Assistance Delivery Bureau, provided as a power-point presentation for theNationalConference on Disaster Planning for the Car-less Society, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana (7 February 2007): 1-6.
11. Boltan, 11-12, 18, 39, 42, 45, 47-53, and 56-57.
12. James M. Ercolano, Regional News: Pedestrian Disaster Preparedness and Mass Evacuation on Foot, The Bike/Pedestrian Professional: Journal of the Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals, Issue 2, Cedarburg, Wisconsin (Spring 2007): 2.
13. How Prepared Are We New York? A report by the New York University (NYU) Center for Catastrophe Preparedness and Response (CCPR), and the American Red Cross in Greater New York (New York, New York 2006): 3.
14. Elizabeth Davis and Jennifer Mincin, Nobody Left Behind: Incorporating Special Needs Populations into Emergency Planning and Exercises, Research and Training Center on Independent Living, University of Kansas (26 June 2005): 4-9, 24, 29, 30-33.
15. Ivan Vamos, Board Member, New York Bicycle Coalition (NYBC), former Deputy Director of the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (NYSOPRHP), National Security And Public Spaces, power-point presentation provided by the NYBC, for the Creating Walkable Communities Conference (Rochester, New York 2005): 1-7.
16. Vamos, 1-7.
17. James M. Ercolano, Improving Pedestrian Signal Timing Clearance Intervals, Interchange, a publication of the New York State Association of Traffic Safety Boards, Vol. 1, No. 3, Schenectady, New York (September 2005): 2.
18. Vamos, 1-7.
19. James M. Ercolano, Importance of Pedestrian Fac., etc., New Orleans, 1-6.
20. Vamos, 1-7.
21. Millington and Ercolano, 18-14 to 18-19.
22. Charles Laszewski, Walk, don't drive, to safety: State officials reveal details if disaster hits, Pioneer Press, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota (March 9, 2006): 1.
23. Laurie McGinnis, Evacuation project wins award, University of Minnesota Center for Transportation Studies (CTS) Report (May 2006): 1-3. http://www.cts.umn.edu/news/report/2006/05/EvacuationProject.html
24. M. Schreckenberg and S. D. Sharma, Editors, Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, Springer: Berlin (July 2001): 1-321.
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26. Qingsong Lu, Betsy George, and Shashi Shekhar, Capacity Constrained Routing Algorithms for Evacuation Planning: A Summary of Results, University of Minnesota (Minneapolis: Minnesota 2005): 291-307.
27. Lu, George, and Shekhar, 291-307.
28. Shashi Shekhar, McKnight Distinguished University Professor, University of Minnesota Director, Army High Performance Computing Research Center. Evacuation Route Planning: A Scientific Approach, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, (April 2006), 33. Project Details are provided at http://www.cs.umn.edu/shekhar/talk/evacuation.html
29. Shashi Shekhar, 33.
30. Charles Laszewski (March 9, 2006).
31. Ready New York: Hurricanes and New York City, New York City Office of Emergency Management, 2006 edition: pamphlet.
32. Downtown Emergency Evacuation FAQ's, City of Cleveland, Office of Emergency Management, 2005 edition: pamphlet.
33. Planning for the Worst (Catastrophic Evacuation), power-point presentation of the City of Norfolk, Virginia, Multimodal Emergency Evacuation Plan. (2006): 1-48.
34. Center City Evacuation Plan, City of Charlotte, North Carolina, available at http://charmeck.org/Department/Police/About+Us/Departments/Center+City+Evacuation+Plan.htm
35. Philip Shapiro, Pedestrian Evacuation Planning in the District of Columbia, by Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc., provided as a power-point presentation for the National Conference on Disaster Planning for the Car-less Society, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana (February 8, 2007): 1-10.
36. Boltan, 52-53.
37. David Wagman, Get out of town: As they assemble mass-evacuation strategies, disaster planners are increasingly knowledgeable about human behavior. As one result, they trust the public more, Homeland Protection Professional (September 2003): 1-6.
38. Millington and Ercolano, 18-70.
39. Boltan, 11-12, 18, 39, 42, 45, 47-53, 56-57.
40. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), American Traffic Safety Services Association (ATSSA), American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), in Section 1A.13, Article 86, (Washington, D.C. 2003 Edition): 1A-13.