The attentional blink: A review of data and theory

Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics

Volumn 71, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 1683-1700

  Dux, Paul E ^a,b   Rentmarois ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATTENTIONAL BLINK; HUMAN; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PSYCHOLOGICAL REFRACTORY PERIOD; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; REACTION TIME; REVIEW;

ATTENTIONAL BLINK; HUMANS; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; REACTION TIME; REFRACTORY PERIOD, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 75549087353     PISSN: 19433921     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/APP.71.8.1683     Document Type: Review

References (150)

1. AKYÜREK, E. G., HOMMEL, B., & JOUCCUR, P. (2007). Direct evidence for a role of working memory in the attentional blink. Memory & Cognition, 35, 621-627.
2. ANDERSON, A. K., & PHELPS, E. A. (2001). Lesions of the human amygdala impair enhanced perception of emotionally salient events. Nature, 411, 305-309.
3. ANDERSON, J. R. (2007). How can the human mind occur in the physical universe? New York: Oxford University Press.
4. AREND, I., JOHNSTON, S., & SHAPIRO, K. (2006). Task-irrelevant visual motion and flicker attenuate the attentional blink. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 600-607.
5. ARNELL, K. M., & DUNCAN, J. (2002). Separate and shared sources of dual-task cost in stimulus identification and response selection. Cognitive Psychology, 44, 105-147.
6. ARNELL, K. M., & JENKINS, R. (2004). Revisiting within-modality and cross-modality attentional blinks: Effects of taiget-distractor similarity. Perception & Psychophysics, 66, 1147-1161.
7. ARNELL, K. M., & JOUCœUR, P. (1999). The attentional blink across stimulus modalities: Evidence for central processing limitations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 25, 630-648.
8. ARNELL, K. M., KILLMAN, K. V., & FIJAVZ, D. (2007). Blinded by emotion: Taiget misses follow attention capture by arousing distractors in RSVP. Emotion, 7, 465-477.
9. ARNELL, K. M., & LARSON, J. M. (2002). Cross-modality attentional blinks without preparatory task-set switching. Psychonomic Bulletin &Revlew, 9, 497-506.
10. AWH, E., SERENCES, J., LAUREY, P., DHALIWAL, H., VAN DER JAGT, T., & DASSONVILLE, P. (2004). Evidence against a central bottleneck during the attentional blink: Multiple channels for configurai and featural processing. Cognitive Psychology, 48, 95-126.
11. BAARS, B. (1989). A cognitive theory of consciousness. New York: Cambridge University Press.
12. BACHMANN, T., & HOMMUK, K. (2005). How backward masking becomes attentional blink: Perception of successive in-stream targets. Psychological Science, 16, 740-742.
13. BADDELEY, A. D., THOMSON, N., & BUCHANAN, M. ( 1975). Word length and the structure of short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 14, 575-589.
14. BERRTDCE, C. W., & WATERHOUSE, B. D. (2003). The locus coeruleusnoradreneigic system: Modulation of behavioral state and state dependent cognitive processes. Brain Research Reviews, 42, 33-84.
15. BOWMAN, H., & WYBLE, B. P. (2007). The simultaneous type, serial token model of temporal attention and working memory. Psychological Review, 114, 38-70.
16. BROADBENT, D. E. (1958). Perception and communication. London: Pergamon.
17. BROADBENT, D. E., & BROADBENT, M. H. P. (1987). From detection to identification: Response to multiple targets in rapid serial visual presentation. Perception & Psychophysics, 42, 105-113.
18. BUNDESEN, C. (1990). A theory of visual attention. Psychological Review, 97, 523-541.
19. CHARTER, S., COUSINEAU, D., & CHARBONNEAU, D. (2004). A connectionist model of the attentional blink effect during a rapid serial visual task. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Cognitive Modelling (pp. 64-69). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
20. CHUA, F. K., GOH, J., & HON, N. (2001). Nature of codes extracted during the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 27, 1229-1242.
21. CHUN, M. M. (1997a). Temporal binding errors are redistributed by the attentional blink. Perception & Psychophysics, 59, 1191-1199.
22. CHUN, M. M. (1997b). Types and tokens in visual processing: A double dissociation between the attentional blink and repetition blindness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 23, 738-755.
23. CHUN, M. M., & POTTER, M. C. (1995). A two-stage model for multiple target detection in rapid serial visual presentation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 21, 109-127.
24. CHUN, M. M., & POTTER, M. C. (2001). The attentional blink and taskswitching. In K. Shapiro (Ed.), The limits of attention: Temporal constraints in human information processing (pp. 20-35). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
25. CHUN, M. M., & WOLFE, J. M. (2001). Visual attention. In B. Goldstein (Ed), Blackwell handbook of perception (pp. 272-310). Oxford: Blackwell.
26. COLTHEART, V. (ED.) (1999). Fleeting memories: Cognition of brief visual stimuli. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
27. COLTHEART, V., & LANGDON, R. (1998). Recall of short word lists presented visually at fast rates: Effects of phonological similarity and word length. Memory & Cognition, 26, 330-342.
28. COLTHEART, V., MONDY, S., Dux, P. E., & STEPHENSON, L. (2004). Effects of orthographic and phonological word length on memory for lists shown at RSVP and STM rates. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 30, 815-826.
29. COLZATO, L. S., SPAPÉ, M., PANNEBAKKER, M. M., & HOMMEL, B. (2007). Working memory and the attentional blink: Blink size is predicted by individual differences in operation span. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 1051-1057.
30. DEHAENE, S., SERGENT, C., & CHANGEUX, J. P. (2003). A neuronal network model linking subjective reports and objective physiological data during conscious perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100, 8520-8525.
31. DELL'ACQUA, R., JOUCœUR, P., LURIA, R., & PLUCIDNO, P. (2009). Reevaluating encoding-capacity limitations as a cause of the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 35, 338-351.
32. DELL' ACQUA, R., PASCALI, A., JOLICœUR, P., & SESSA, P. (2003). Fourdot masking produces the attentional blink. Vision Research, 43, 1907-1913.
33. DELL' ACQUA, R., SESSA, P., JOUCœUR, P., & ROBITAILLE, N. (2006). Spatial attention freezes during the attentional blink. Psychophysiology, 43, 394-400.
34. DESIMONE, R., & DUNCAN, J. (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 18, 193-222.
35. DI LOLLO, V., KAWAHARA, J., GHORASHI, S. M. S., & ENNS, J. T. (2005). The attentional blink: Resource depletion or temporary loss of control. Psychological Research, 69, 191-200.
36. DONCHTN, E. (1981). Surprise!... Surprise? Psychophysiology, 18, 493-513.
37. DONCHIN, E., & COLES, M. G. H. (1988). Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating? Behavioural &. Brain Sciences, 11, 357-374.
38. DREW, T., & SHAPIRO, K. (2006). Representational masking and the attentional blink. Visual Cognition, 13, 513-528.
39. DUNCAN, J. (1980). The locus of interference in the perception of simultaneous stimuli. Psychological Review, 87, 272-300.
40. DUNCAN, J., & HUMPHREYS, G. ( 1989). Visual search and stimulus similarity. Psychological Review, 96, 433-458.
41. DUNCAN, J., MARTENS, S., & WARD, R. (1997). Restricted attentional capacity within but not between sensory modalities. Nature, 387, 808-810.
42. DUNCAN, J., WARD, R., & SHAPIRO, K. (1994). Direct measurement of attentional dwell time in human vision. Nature, 369, 3 13-315.
43. Dux, P. E., ASPLUND, C. L., & MAROIS, R. (2008). An attentional blink for sequentially presented targets: Evidence in favor of resource depletion accounts. Psychonomic Bulletin <6 Review, 15, 809-813.
44. Dux, P. E., ASPLUND, C. L., & MAROIS, R. (2009). Both exogenous and endogenous target salience manipulations support resource depletion accounts of the attentional blink: A reply to Olivers, Špalek, Kawahara, and Di Lollo (2009). Psychonomic Bulletin A Review, 16, 219-224.
45. Dux, P. E., & COLTHEART, V. (2005). The meaning of the mask matters: Evidence of conceptual interference in die attentional blink. Psychological Science, 16, 775-779.
46. Dux, P. E., COLTHEART, V., & HARRIS, I. M. (2006). On the fate of distractor stimuli in rapid serial visual presentation. Cognition, 99, 355-382.
47. Dux, P. E., & HARRIS, I. M. (2007a). On the failure of distractor inhibition in the attentional blink. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 723-728.
48. Dux, P. E., & HARRIS, I. M. (2007b). Viewpoint costs occur during consolidation: Evidence from the attentional blink. Cognition, 101, 47-58.
49. Dux, P. E., & MAROIS, R. (2007). Repetition blindness is immune to the central bottleneck. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 729-734.
50. Dux, P. E., & MAROIS, R. (2008). Distractor inhibition predicts individual differences in the attentional blink. PLoS ONE, 3, e3330.
51. ENNS, J. T., VISSER, T. A. W., KAWAHARA, J.-L, & Di LOLLO, V. (2001). Visual masking and task switching in the attentional blink. In K. Shapiro (Ed.), The limits of attention: Temporal constraints in human information processing (pp. 65-81). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
52. FOLK, C. L., LEBER, A. B., & EGETH, H. E. (2002). Made you blink! Contingent attentional capture produces a spatial blink. Perception & Psychophysics, 64, 741-753.
53. FRAGOPANAGOS, N., KOCKELKOREN, S., & TAYLOR, J. G. (2005). A neurcdynamic model of the attentional blink. Cognitive Brain Research, 24, 568-586.
54. GIESBRECHT, B., BISCHOF, W. F., & KINGSTONE, A. (2003). Visual masking during the attentional blink: Tests of the object substitution hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 29, 238-255.
55. GIESBRECHT, B., & DI LOLLO, V. (1998). Beyond the attentional blink: Visual masking by object substitution. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 24, 1454-1466.
56. GIESBRECHT, B., SY, J. L., & ELLIOTT, J. C. (2007). Electrophysiological evidence for both perceptual and post-perceptual selection during the attentional blink. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19, 2005-2018.
57. GRANDISON, T. D., GHTRARDELLI, T. G., & EGETH, H. E. (1997). Beyond similarity: Masking of the target is sufficient to cause the attentional blink. Perception & Psychophysics, 59, 266-274.
58. GROSS, J., SCHMITZ, F., SCHNITZLER, L., KESSLER, K., SHAPIRO, K., HOMMEL., B., & SCHNITZLER, A. (2004). Long-range neural synchrony predicts temporal limitations of visual attention in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101, 13050-13055.
59. HOMMEL, B., & AKYÜREK, E. (2005). Lag-1 sparing in the attentional blink: Benefits and costs of integrating two events into a single episode. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58A, 1415-1433.
60. HOMMEL, B., KESSLER, K., SCHMITZ, F., GROSS, J., AKYOREK, E., SHAPIRO, K., & SCHNTTZLER, A. (2006). How the brain blinks: Towards a neurocognitive model of the attentional blink. Psychological Research, 70, 425-435.
61. ISAAK, M. L., SHAPIRO, K. L., & MARTIN, J. (1999). The attentional blink reflects retrieval competition among multiple rapid serial visual presentation items: Tests of an interference model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 25, 1774-1792.
62. JACKSON, M. C., & RAYMOND, J. E. (2006). The role of attention and familiarity in face identification. Perception & Psychophysics, 68, 543-557.
63. JOUCœUR, P. ( 1985). The time to name disoriented natural objects. Memory & Cognition, 13, 289-303.
64. JOUCœUR, P. (1998). Modulation of the attentional blink by on-line response selection: Evidence from speeded and unspeeded Task| decisions. Memory & Cognition, 26, 1014-1032.
65. JOUCœUR, P. (1999). Concurrent response-selection demands modulate the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 25, 1097-1113.
66. JOUCœUR, P., & DELL'ACQUA, R. (1998). The demonstration of shortterm consolidation. Cognitive Psychology, 32, 138-202.
67. JOUCœUR, P., DELL'ACQUA, R., & CREBOLDER, J. M. (2001). The attentional blink bottleneck. In K. Shapiro (Ed.), The limits of attention: Temporal constraints In human information processing (pp. 82-99). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
68. JOUCœUR, P., SESSA, P., DELL'ACQUA, R., & ROBITAILLE, N. (2006a). Attentional control and capture in the attentional blink paradigm: Evidence from human electrophysiology. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 18, 560-578.
69. JOUCœUR, P., SESSA, P., DELL'ACQUA, R., & ROBITAILLE, N. (2006b). On the control of visual spatial attention: Evidence from human electrophysiology. Psychological Research, 70, 414-424.
70. KAHNEMAN, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
71. KANWISHER, N. (1987). Repetition blindness: Type recognition without token individuation. Cognition, 27, 117-143.
72. KAWAHARA, J.-I., ENNS, J. T., & DI LOLLO, V. (2006). The attentional blink is not a unitary phenomenon. Psychological Research, 70, 405-413.
73. KAWAHARA, J.-I., KUMADA, T., & DI LOLLO, V. (2006). The attentional blink is governed by a temporary loss of control. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 886-890.
74. KAWAHARA, J.-I., Zuvic, S. M., ENNS, J. T., & Di LOLLO, V. (2003). Task switching mediates the attentional blink even without backward masking. Perception & Psychophysics, 65, 339-351.
75. KRANCZIOCH, C., DEBENER, S., SCHWARZBACH, J., GOEBEL, R., & ENGEL, A. K. (2005). Neural correlates of conscious perception in the attentional blink. NeuroImage, 24, 704-714.
76. LANDAU, A. N., & BENTIN, S. (2008). Attentional and perceptual factors affecting the attentional blink for faces and objects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 34, 818-830.
77. LAVIE, N. (1995). Perceptual load as a necessary condition for selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 21, 451-468.
78. LAWRENCE, D. H. (1971). Two studies of visual search for word targets with controlled rates of presentation. Perception & Psychophysics, 10, 85-89.
79. LUCK, S. J., VOGEL, E. K., & SHAPIRO, K. L. (1996). Word meanings can be accessed but not reported during the attentional blink. Nature, 383, 616-618.
80. MAKI, W. S., BUSSARD, G., LOPEZ, K., & DIGBY, B. (2003). Sources of interference in the attentional blink: Target-distractor similarity revisited. Perception & Psychophysics, 65, 188-201.
81. MAH, W. S., COUTURE, T., FRIGEN, K., & LIEN, D. (1997). Sources of the attentional blink during rapid serial visual presentation: Perceptual interference and retrieval competition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 23, 1393-1411.
82. MAKI, W. S., FRIGEN, K., & PAULSON, K. (1997). Associative priming by targets and distractors during rapid serial visual presentation: Does word meaning survive the attentional blink? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 23, 1014-1034.
83. MAKI, W. S., & MEBANE, M. W. (2006). Attentional capture triggers an attentional blink. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 125-131.
84. MAKI, W. S., & PADMANABHAN, G. (1994). Transient suppression of processing during rapid serial visual presentation: Acquired distinctiveness of probes modulates the attentional blink. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1, 499-504.
85. MAROIS, R., CHUN, M. M., & GORE, J. C. (2004). A common parietofrontal network is recruited under both low visibility and high perceptual interference conditions. Journal of Neurophysiology, 92, 2985-2992.
86. MAROIS, R., & IVANOFF, J. (2005). Capacity limits of information processing in the brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 296-305.
87. MAROIS, R., YI, D. J., & CHUN, M. M. (2004). The neural fate of consciously perceived and missed events in the attentional blink. Neuron, 41, 465-472.
88. MARTENS, S., MUNNEKE, J., SMTD, H., & JOHNSON, A. (2006). Quick minds don't blink: Electrophysiological correlates of individual differences in attentional selection. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 1423-1438.
89. MARTIN, E. W., & SHAPIRO, K. L. (2008). Does failure to mask T1 cause lag-1 sparing in the attentional blink? Perception & Psychophysics, 70, 562-570.
90. MCAUUFFE, S. P., & KNOWLTON, B. J. (2000). Dissociating the effects of featural and conceptual interference on multiple target processing in rapid serial visual presentation. Perception & Psychophysics, 62, 187-195.
91. MCLAUGHLIN, E. N., SHORE, D. I., & KLEIN, R. M. (2001). The attentional blink is immune to masking-induced data limits. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54A, 169-196.
92. MILLER, G. A. (2003). The cognitive revolution: A historical perspective. Trends In Cognitive Sciences, 7, 141-144.
93. MOST, S. B., CHUN, M. M., WIDDERS, D. M., & ZALD, D. H. (2005). Attentional rubbernecking: Cognitive control and personality in emotioninduced blindness. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 654-661.
94. NEISSER, U. ( 1967). Cognitive psychology. New York: Appelton- CenturyCrotts.
95. NIEUWENHUIS, S., ASTON-JONES, G., & COHEN, J. D. (2005). Decision making, the P3, and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 510-532.
96. NIEUWENHUIS, S., GILZENRAT, M. S., HOLMES, B. D., & COHEN, J. D. (2005). The role ofthe locus coeruleus in mediating the attentional blink: A neurocomputational theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134, 291-307.
97. NIEUWENSTEIN, M. R. (2006). Top-down controlled, delayed selection in the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 32, 973-985.
98. NIEUWENSTEIN, M. R., CHUN, M. M., VAN DER LUBBE, R. H. J., & HOOGE, I. T. C. (2005). Delayed attentional engagement in the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 31, 1463-1475.
99. NIEUWENSTEIN, M. R., & POTTER, M. C. (2006). Temporal limits of selection and memory encoding: A comparison of whole versus partial report in rapid serial visual presentation. Psychological Science, 17, 471-475.
100. NIEUWENSTEIN, M. R., POTTER, M. C., & THEEUWES, J. (2009). Unmasking the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 35, 159-169.
101. OUVERS, C. N. L., & MEETER, M. (2008). A boost and bounce theory of temporal attention. Psychological Review, 115, 836-863.
102. OUVERS, C. N. L., & NIEUWENHUIS, S. (2005). The beneficial effect of concurrent task-irrelevant mental activity on temporal attention. Psychological Science, 16, 265-269.
103. OUVERS, C. N. L., & NIEUWENHUIS, S. (2006). The beneficial effects of additional task load, positive affect, and instruction on the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 32, 364-379.
104. OLIVERS, C. N. L., SPALEK, T. M., KAWAHARA, J.-I., & DI LOLLO, V. (2009). The attentional blink: Increasing target salience provides no evidence for resource depletion. A commentary on Dux, Asplund, and Marois (2008). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 214-218.
105. OUVERS, C. N. L., VAN DER STIGCHEL, S., & HULLEMAN, J. (2007). Spreading the sparing: Against a limited-capacity account ofthe attentional blink. Psychological Research, 71, 126-139.
106. OUVERS, C. N. L., & WATSON, D. G. (2006). Input control processes in rapid serial visual presentations: Target selection and distractor inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 32, 1083-1092.
107. OLSON, I. R., CHUN, M. M., & ANDERSON, A. K. (2001). Effects of phonological length on the attentional blink for words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 27, 1116-1123.
108. OUIMET, C., & JOUCœUR, P. (2007). Beyond Task 1 difficulty: The duration of T1 encoding modulates the attentional blink. Visual Cognition, 15, 290-304.
109. PASHLER, H. (1994). Dual-task interference in simple tasks: Data and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 220-244.
110. PASHLER, H. (1998). The psychology of attention. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
111. POTTER, M. C. (1975). Meaning in visual search. Science, 187, 965-966.
112. POTTER, M. C. (1976). Short-term conceptual memory for pictures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning & Memory, 2, 509-522.
113. POTTER, M. C. (1993). Very short-term conceptual memory. Memory & Cognition, 21, 156-161.
114. POTTER, M. C., CHUN, M. M., BANKS, B. S., & MUCKENHOUPT, M. (1998). Two attentional deficits in serial target search: The visual attentional blink and an amodal task-switch deficit Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory, & Cognition, 24, 979-992.
115. POTTER, M. C., DELL'ACQUA, R., PESCIARELLI, F., JOB, R., PERESSOTTI, F., & O'CONNOR, D. H. (2005). Bidirectional semantic priming in the attentional blink. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 460-465.
116. POTTER, M. C., & FAULCONER, B. A. (1975). Time to understand pictures and words. Nature, 253, 437-438.
117. POTTER, M. C., & LEVY, E. L (1969). Recognition memory for a rapid sequence of pictures. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81, 10-15.
118. POTTER, M. C., STAUB, A., & O'CONNOR, D. H. (2002). The time course of competition for attention: Attention is initially labile. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 28, 1149-1162.
119. RAYMOND, J. E., SHAPIRO, K. L., & ARNELL, K. M. (1992). Temporary suppression of visual processing in an RSVP task: An attentional blink? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 18, 849-860.
120. RAYMOND, J. E., SHAPIRO, K. L., & ARNELL, K. M. (1995). Similarity determines the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 21, 653-662.
121. REEVES, A., & SPERLING, G. ( 1986). Attention gating in short-term visual memory. Psychological Review, 93, 180-206.
122. RUTHRUFF, E., & PASHLER, H. E. (2001). Perceptual and central interference in dual-task performance. In K. Shapiro (Ed.), The limits of attention: Temporal constraints in human information processing (pp. 100-123). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
123. SEIFFERT, A., & DI LOLLO, V. (1997). Low-level masking in the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 23, 1061-1073.
124. SERGENT, C., BAILLET, S., & DEHAENE, S. (2005). Tuning of the brain events underlying access to consciousness during the attentional blink. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 1391-1400.
125. SERGENT, C., & DEHAENE, S. (2004). Is consciousness a gradual phenomenon? Evidence for an all-or-none bifurcation during the attentional blink. Psychological Science, 15, 720-728.
126. SHAPIRO, K. L., ARNELL, K. M., & RAYMOND, J. E. (1997). The attentional blink. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1, 291-296.
127. SHAPIRO, K. L., CALDWELL, J., & SORENSEN, R. E. (1997). Personal names and the attentional blink: A visual "cocktail party" effect Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 23, 504-514.
128. SHAPIRO, K. L., DRIVER, J., WARD, R., & SORENSEN, R. E. (1997). Priming from the attentional blink: A failure to extract visual tokens but not visual types. Psychological Science, 8, 95-100.
129. SHAPIRO, K. L., & RAYMOND, J. E. (1994). Temporal allocation of visual attention: Inhibition or interference? In D. Dagenbach & T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory mechanisms in attention, memory and language (pp. 151-188). Boston: Academic Press.
130. SHAPIRO, K. L., RAYMOND, J. E., & ARNELL, K. M. ( 1994). Attention to visual pattern information produces the attentional blink in rapid serial visual presentation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 20, 357-371.
131. SHAPIRO, K. [L.], SCHMITZ, F., MARTENS, S., HOMMEL, B., & SCHNTTZLER, A. (2006). Resource sharing in the attentional blink. NeuroReport, 17, 163-166.
132. SHIFFRIN, R. M., & SCHNEIDER, W. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.
133. SHIH, S. I. (2008). The attention cascade model and the attentional blink. Cognitive Psychology, 56, 210-236.
134. SHORE, D. I., MCLAUGHLIN, E. N., & KLEIN, R. (2001). Modulation of the attentional blink by differential resource allocation. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55, 318-324.
135. SMITH, S. D., MOST, S. B., NEWSOME, L. A., & ZALD, D. H. (2006). An "emotional blink" of attention elicited by aversivery conditioned stimuli Emotion, 6, 523-527.
136. TAATGEN, N. A., JUVINA, L., SCHIPPER, M., BORST, J. P., & MARTENS, S. (2009). Too much control can hurt: A threaded cognition model of the attentional blink. Cognitive Psychology, 59, 1-29. doi:10.1016/ j.cogpsych.2008.12.002
137. TAYLOR, J. G., & ROGERS, M. (2002). A control model of the movement of attention. Neural Networks, 15, 309-326.
138. THORPE, S., FIZB, D., & MARLOT, C. (1996). Speed of processing in the human visual system. Nature, 381, 520-522.
139. TREISMAN, A. M. (1969). Strategies and models of selective attention. Psychological Review, 76, 282-299.
140. VISSER, T. A. W. (2007). Masking T1 difficulty: Processing time and the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 33, 285-297.
141. VISSER, T. A. W., BISCHOF, W. F., & DI LOLLO, V. (1999). Attentional switching in spatial and nonspatial domains: Evidence from the attentional blink. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 458-469.
142. VOGEL, E. K., & LUCK, S. J. (2002). Delayed working memory consolidation during the attentional blink. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 739-743.
143. VOGEL, E. K., LUCK, S. J., & SHAPIRO, K. L. (1998). Electrophysiological evidence for a postperceptual locus of suppression during the attentional blink. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 24, 1656-1674.
144. VUL, E., NrEUWENSTEIN, M., & KANWISHER, N. (2008). Temporal selection is suppressed, delayed, and diffused during the attentional blink. Psychological Science, 19, 55-61.
145. WARD, R., DUNCAN, J., & SHAPIRO, K. (1996). The slow time-course of visual attention. Cognitive Psychology, 30, 79-109.
146. WARD, R., DUNCAN, J., & SHAPIRO, K. (1997). Effects of similarity, difficulty, and nontarget presentation on the time course of visual attention. Perception & Psychophysics, 59, 593-600.
147. WEE, S., & CHUA, F. K. (2004). Capturing attention when attention blinks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 30, 598-612.
148. WEICHSELGARTNER, E., & SPERLING, G. (1987). Dynamics of automatic and controlled visual attention. Science, 238, 778-780.
149. WILLIAMS, M. A., VISSER, T. A., CUNNINOTON, R., & MATTTNGLEY, J. B. (2008). Attenuation of neural responses in primary visual cortex during the attentional blink. Journal of Neuroscience, 8, 9890-9894.
150. WYBLE, B., BOWMAN, H., & NIEUWENSTEIN, M. (2009). The attentional blink provides episodic distinctiveness: Sparing at a cost Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 35, 787-807.