Geodetic constraints on contemporary deformation in the northern Walker Lane: 2. Velocity and strain rate tensor analysis

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 447, Issue , 2009, Pages 17-31

  Kreemer, Corné ^a   Blewitt, Geoffrey ^a   Hammond, William C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EARTHQUAKES; FAULT SLIPS; GEODESY; SHEAR FLOW; SHEAR STRAIN; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; TENSORS; VELOCITY;

CENTRAL NEVADA SEISMIC BELTS; CONSTANT STRAIN RATE; GEODETIC CONSTRAINTS; GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES; NORTHERN WALKER LANES; STRAIN ACCOMMODATIONS; STRAIN RATE TENSORS; STRIKE SLIP FAULTING;

STRAIN RATE;

DEFORMATION; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; FAULTING; GEODETIC DATUM; NORMAL FAULT; SHEAR ZONE; STRAIN ANALYSIS; STRAIN RATE; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT; STRUCTURAL CONTROL; TECTONIC ROTATION; TRANSTENSION;

CALIFORNIA; CENTRAL VALLEY [CALIFORNIA]; SIERRA NEVADA [CALIFORNIA]; UNITED STATES; WALKER LANE;

EID: 75449094018     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/2009.2447(02)     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Argus, D.F., and Gordon, R.G., 1991, Current Sierra Nevada-North America motion from very long baseline interferometry: Implications for the kinematics of the western United States: Geology, v. 19, p. 1085-1088, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)0192.3.CO;2.
2. Argus, D.F., and Gordon, R.G., 2001, Present tectonic motion across the Coast Ranges and San Andreas fault system in central California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 1580-1592, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (2001)113<1580:PTMATC>2.0.CO;2.
3. Armijo, R., Meyer, B., King, G.C.P., Rigo, A., and Papanastassiou, D., 1996, Quaternary evolution of the Corinth Rift and its implications for the late Cenozoic evolution of the Aegean: Geophysical Journal International, v. 126, p. 11-53, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb05264.x.
4. Bell, J.W., 1981, Quaternary Fault Map of the Reno 1° by 2° Quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-982, 62 p.
5. Bell, J.W., dePolo, C.M., Ramelli, A.R., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., and Meyer, C.E., 1999, Surface faulting and paleoseismic history of the 1932 Cedar Mountain earthquake area, west-central Nevada, and implications for modern tectonics of the Walker Lane: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, p. 791-807, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)1112.3.CO;2.
6. Bell, J.W., Caskey, S.J., Ramelli, A.R., and Guerrieri, L., 2004, Pattern and rates of faulting in the central Nevada seismic belt, and paleoseismic evidence for prior beltlike behavior: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, p. 1229-1254, doi: 10.1785/012003226. (Pubitemid 39437302)
7. Bennett, R.A., Wernicke, B.P., and Davis, J.L., 1998, Continuous GPS measurements of contemporary deformation across the northern Basin and Range Province: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 25, p. 563-566, doi: 10.1029/98GL00128.
8. Bennett, R.A., Wernicke, B.P., Niemi, N.A., Friedrich, A.M., and Davis, J.L., 2003, Contemporary strain rates in the northern Basin and Range Province from GPS data: Tectonics, v. 22, 1008, doi: 10.1029/2001TC001355.
9. Bingler, E.C., 1978, Geologic Map of the Schurz Quadrangle: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 60, scale 1:42,000.
10. Blewitt, G., Argus, D., Bennett, R., Bock, Y., Calais, E., Craymer, M., Davis, J., Dixon, T., Freymueller, J., Herring, T., Johnson, D., Larson, K., Miller, M., Sella, G., Snay, R., and Tamisiea, M., 2005, A stable North America reference frame (SNARF): First release, UNAVCO-IRIS Joint Workshop: Stevenson, Washington.
11. Blewitt, G., Hammond, W.C., and Kreemer, C., 2009, this volume, Geodetic observation of contemporary deformation in the northern Walker Lane: 1. Semipermanent GPS strategy, in Oldow, J.S., and Cashman, P.H., eds., Late Cenozoic Structure and Evolution of the Great Basin-Sierra Nevada Transition: Geological Society of America Special Paper 447, doi: 10.1130/2009.2447(01).
12. Bourne, S.J., England, P.C., and Parsons, B., 1998, The motion of crustal blocks driven by flow of the lower lithosphere and implications for slip rates of continental strike-slip faults: Nature, v. 391, p. 655-659, doi: 10.1038/35556. (Pubitemid 28113204)
13. Briggs, R.W., and Wesnousky, S.G., 2004, Late Pleistocene fault slip rate, earthquake recurrence, and recency of slip along the Pyramid Lake fault zone, northern Walker Lane, United States: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 109, p. B08402, doi: 10.1029/2003JB002717. (Pubitemid 39428446)
14. Cashman, P.H., and Fontaine, S.A., 2000, Strain partitioning in the northern Walker Lane, western Nevada and northeastern California: Tectonophysics, v. 326, p. 111-130, doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00149-9. (Pubitemid 32143499)
15. Caskey, S.J., Bell, J.W., Ramelli, A.R., and Wesnousky, S.G., 2004, Historic surface faulting and paleoseismicity in the area of the 1954 Rainbow Mountain- Stillwater earthquake sequence, central Nevada: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 94, p. 1255-1275, doi: 10.1785/012003012. (Pubitemid 39437303)
16. Clarke, P.J., Davies, R.R., England, P.C., Parsons, B., Billiris, H., Paradissis, D., Veis, G., Cross, P.A., Denys, P.H., Ashkenazi, V., Bingley, R., Kahle, H.-G., Muller, M.-V., and Briole, P., 1998, Crustal strain in central Greece from repeated GPS measurements in the interval 1989-1997: Geophysical Journal International, v. 135, p. 195-214, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00633. x. (Pubitemid 29033199)
17. D'Alessio, M.A., Johanson, I.A., Bürgmann, R., Schmidt, D.A., and Murray, M.H., 2005, Slicing up the San Francisco Bay Area: Block kinematics and fault slip rates from GPS-derived surface velocities: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 110, p. B06403, doi: 10.1029/2004JB003496. (Pubitemid 41282978)
18. Davies, P., and Blewitt, G., 2000, Methodology for global geodetic time series estimation: A new tool for geodynamics: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 105, p. 11,083-11,100, doi: 10.1029/2000JB900004.
19. DePolo, C.M., 1989, Seismotectonics of the White Mountains fault system, eastcentral California and west-central Nevada [M.Sc. thesis]: Reno, University of Nevada, 354 p.
20. DePolo, C.M., and Anderson, J.G., 2000, Estimating the slip rates of normal faults in the Great Basin, USA: Basin Research, v. 12, p. 227-240, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2117.2000.00131.x. (Pubitemid 32291958)
21. Dixon, T., Miller, M., Farina, F., Wang, H.Z., and Johnson, D., 2000, Presentday motion of the Sierra Nevada block and some tectonic implications for the Basin and Range Province, North American Cordillera: Tectonics, v. 19, p. 1-24, doi: 10.1029/1998TC001088.
22. Dixon, T., Norabuena, E., and Hotaling, L., 2003, Paleoseismology and global positioning system: Earthquake-cycle effects and geodetic versus geologic fault slip rates in the Eastern California shear zone: Geology, v. 31, p. 55-58, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)0312.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 36234607)
23. Doser, D., 1986, Earthquake processes in the Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley, Nevada region 1954-1959: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 91, p. 12,572-12,586, doi: 10.1029/JB091iB12p12572.
24. Ekren, E.B., and Byers, F.M., Jr., 1984, The Gabbs Valley Range-A wellexposed segment of the Walker Lane in west-central Nevada, in Lintz, J., Jr., ed., Western Geologic Excursions, Volume 4: Boulder, Geological Society of America, Fieldtrip Guidebook, p. 204-215.
25. Faulds, J.E., Henry, C.D., Coolbaugh, M.F., and Garside, L.J., 2005a, Influence of the late Cenozoic strain field and tectonic setting on geothermal activity and mineralization in the northwestern Great Basin: Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 29, p. 353-358.
26. Faulds, J.E., Henry, C.D., and Hinz, N.H., 2005b, Kinematics of the northern Walker Lane: An incipient transform fault along the Pacific-North American plate boundary: Geology, v. 33, p. 505-508, doi: 10.1130/G21274.1. (Pubitemid 40829845)
27. Flesch, L.M., Holt, W.E., Haines, A.J., and Shen-Tu, B., 2000, Dynamics of the Pacific-North American plate boundary in the western United States: Science, v. 287, p. 834-836, doi: 10.1126/science.287.5454.834. (Pubitemid 30084321)
28. Freymueller, J.T., Murray, M.H., Segall, P., and Castillo, D., 1999, Kinematics of the Pacific-North America plate boundary zone, northern California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 104, p. 7419-7441, doi: 10.1029/1998JB900118.
29. Gan, W.J., Svarc, J.L., Savage, J.C., and Prescott, W.H., 2000, Strain accumulation across the Eastern California shear zone at latitude 36°30'N: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 105, p. 16,229-16,236, doi: 10.1029/2000JB900105.
30. Garfunkel, Z., 1974, Model for the late Cenozoic tectonic history of the Mojave Desert and its relation to adjacent areas: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 85, p. 1931-1944, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1974)852.0.CO;2.
31. Goldsworthy, M., Jackson, J., and Haines, J., 2002, The continuity of active fault systems in Greece: Geophysical Journal International, v. 148, p. 596-618, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01609.x. (Pubitemid 34246947)
32. Haines, A.J., and Holt, W.E., 1993, A procedure for obtaining the complete horizontal motions within zones of distributed deformation from the inversion of strain rate data: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 98, p. 12,057-12,082, doi: 10.1029/93JB00892.
33. Hammond, W.C., and Thatcher, W., 2004, Contemporary tectonic deformation of the Basin and Range Province, western United States: 10 years of observation with the global positioning system: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 109, p. B08403, doi: 10.1029/2003JB002746.
34. Hammond, W.C., and Thatcher, W., 2005, Northwest Basin and Range tectonic deformation observed with the global positioning system, 1999-2003: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 110, p. B10405, doi: 10.1029/2005JB003678. (Pubitemid 43009998)
35. Hammond, W.C., and Thatcher, W., 2007, Crustal deformation across the Sierra Nevada, Northern Walker Lane, Basin and Range transition, Western United States, measured with GPS, 2000-2004: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 112, p. B05411, doi: 10.1029/2006JB004625.
36. Hammond, W.C., Kreemer, C., and Blewitt, G., 2009, this volume, Geodetic constraints on contemporary deformation in the northern Walker Lane: 3. Central Nevada seismic belt postseismic relaxation, in Oldow, J.S., and Cashman, P.H., eds., Late Cenozoic Structure and Evolution of the Great Basin-Sierra Nevada Transition: Geological Society of America Special Paper 447, doi: 10.1130/2009.2447(03).
37. Hardyman, R.F., and Oldow, J.S., 1991, Tertiary tectonic framework and Cenozoic history of the central Walker Lane, Nevada, in Raines, G.L., Lisle, R.E., Schafer, R.W., and Wilkinson, W.H., eds., Geology and Ore Deposits of the Great Basin, Symposium Proceedings: Reno, Nevada, Geological Society of Nevada, p. 279-301.
38. Henry, C.D., Faulds, J.E., and dePolo, C.M., 2007, Geometry and timing of strike-slip and normal faults in the northern Walker Lane, northwestern Nevada and northeastern California: Strain partitioning or sequential extensional and strike-slip deformation?, in Till, A.B., Roeske, S., Sample, J., and Foster, D.A., eds., Exhumation Associated with Continental Strike-Slip Fault Systems: Geological Society of America Special Paper 434, p. 59-79, doi: 10.1130/2007.2434(04).
39. Hetland, E.A., and Hager, B.H., 2003, Postseismic relaxation across the Central Nevada seismic belt: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 108, 2394, doi: 10.1029/2002JB002257.
40. Holt, W.E., Shen-Tu, B., Haines, J., and Jackson, J., 2000, On the determination of self-consistent strain rate fields within zones of distributed deformation, in Richards, M.A., Gordon, R.G., and van der Hilst, R.D., eds., The History and Dynamics of Global Plate Motions: American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 121, p. 113-141.
41. Holt, W.E., Kreemer, C., Haines, A.J., Estey, L., Meertens, C., Blewitt, G., and Lavallée, D., 2005, Project helps constrain continental dynamics and seismic hazards: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 86, p. 383-387.
42. Ichinose, G.A., Anderson, J.G., Smith, K.D., and Zeng, Y.H., 2003, Source parameters of eastern California and western Nevada earthquakes from regional moment tensor inversion: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, p. 61-84, doi: 10.1785/0120020063.
43. Kent, G.M., Babcock, J.M., Driscoll, N.W., Harding, A.J., Dingler, J.A., Seitz, G.G., Gardner, J.V., Mayer, L.A., Goldman, C.R., Heyvaert, A.C., Richards, R.C., Karlin, R., Morgan, C.W., Gayes, P.T., and Owen, L.A., 2005, 60 k.y. record of extension across the western boundary of the Basin and Range Province: Estimate of slip rates from offset shoreline terraces and a catastrophic slide beneath Lake Tahoe: Geology, v. 33, p. 365-368, doi: 10.1130/G21230.1. (Pubitemid 40706782)
44. Kissel, C., and Laj, C., 1988, The Tertiary geodynamical evolution of the Aegean arc: A paleomagnetic reconstruction: Tectonophysics, v. 146, p. 183-201, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(88)90090-X.
45. Kreemer, C., Chamot-Rooke, N., and Le Pichon, X., 2004, Constraints on the evolution and vertical coherency of deformation in the northern Aegean from a comparison of geodetic, geologic and seismologic data: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 225, p. 329-346, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.06.018. (Pubitemid 39605251)
46. Kreemer, C., Lavallée, D., Blewitt, G., and Holt, W.E., 2006, On the stability of a geodetic no-net-rotation frame and its implication for the International Terrestrial Reference Frame: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, doi: 10.1029/2006GL027058. (Pubitemid 44945625)
47. Lamb, S.H., 1994, Behavior of the brittle crust in wide plate boundary zones: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, p. 4457-4483, doi: 10.1029/93JB02574.
48. Langbein, J., Wyatt, F., Johnson, H., Hamann, D., and Zimmer, P., 1995, Improved stability of a deeply anchored geodetic monument for deformationmonitoring: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 22, p. 3533-3536, doi: 10.1029/95GL03325. (Pubitemid 26446284)
49. Malservisi, R., Dixon, T.H., La Femina, P.C., and Furlong, K.P., 2003, Holocene slip rate of the Wasatch fault zone, Utah, from geodetic data: Earthquake cycle effects: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no.13, p. 1673, doi: 10.1029/2003GL017408.
50. Martinez, L.J., Meertens, C.M., and Smith, R.B., 1998, Rapid deformation rates along the Wasatch fault zone, Utah, from first GPS measurements with implications for earthquake hazard: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 25, p. 567-570, doi: 10.1029/98GL00090.
51. Mazzotti, S., Dragert, H., Henton, J., Schmidt, M., Hyndman, R., James, T., Lu, Y., and Craymer, M., 2003, Current tectonics of northern Cascadia from a decade of GPS measurements: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 108, p. 2554, doi: 10.1029/2003JB002653.
52. McClusky, S.C., Bjornstad, S.C., Hager, B.H., King, R.W., Meade, B.J., Miller, M.M., Monastero, F.C., and Souter, B.J., 2001, Present-day kinematics of the Eastern California shear zone from a geodetically constrained block model: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, p. 3369-3372, doi: 10.1029/2001GL013091. (Pubitemid 32931889)
53. McKenzie, D., and Jackson, J., 1983, The relationship between strain rates, crustal thickening, paleomagnetism, finite strain and fault movements within a deforming zone: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 65, p. 182-202, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(83)90198-X.
54. Nicholson, C., Seeber, L., Williams, P., and Sykes, L.R., 1986, Seismic evidence for conjugate slip and block rotation within the San Andreas fault system, southern California: Tectonics, v. 5, p. 629-648, doi: 10.1029/ TC005i004p00629.
55. Niemi, N.A., Wernicke, B.P., Friedrich, A.M., Simons, M., Bennett, R.A., and Davis, J.L., 2004, BARGEN continuous GPS data across the eastern Basin and Range Province, and implications for fault system dynamics: Geophysical Journal International, v. 159, p. 842-862, doi: 10.1111/ j.1365-246X.2004.02454.x.
56. Nur, A., Ron, H., and Scotti, O., 1988, Mechanics of distributed fault and block rotation, in Kissel, C., and Laj, C., eds., Paleomagnetic Rotations and Continental Deformation, Volume 254: Series C, Mathematical and Physical Sciences: Dordrecht, Kluwer, p. 209-228.
57. Oldow, J.S., 1992, Late Cenozoic displacement partitioning in the northwestern Great Basin, in Craig, S.D., ed., Structure, Tectonics and Mineralization of the Walker Lane: Reno, Nevada, Geological Society of Nevada, Geological Society of Nevada Symposium Proceedings Volume, p. 17-52.
58. Oldow, J.S., 2003, Active transtensional boundary zone between the western Great Basin and Sierra Nevada block, western U.S. Cordillera: Geology, v. 31, p. 1033-1036, doi: 10.1130/G19838.1. (Pubitemid 38119273)
59. Oldow, J.S., Aiken, C.L.V., Hare, J.L., Ferguson, J.F., and Hardyman, R.F., 2001, Active displacement transfer and differential block motion within the central Walker Lane, western Great Basin: Geology, v. 29, p. 19-22, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0019:ADTADB>2.0.CO;2
60. Pancha, A., Anderson, J.G., and Kreemer, C., 2006, Comparison of seismic and geodetic scalar moment rates across the Basin and Range Province: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, p. 11-32, doi: 10.1785/0120040166. (Pubitemid 43292761)
61. Ramelli, A.R., Bell, J.W., dePolo, C.M., and Yount, J.C., 1999, Large-magnitude, late Holocene earthquakes on the Genoa fault, west-central Nevada and eastern California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 89, p. 1458-1472.
62. Reheis, M.C., and Dixon, T.H., 1996, Kinematics of the Eastern California shear zone: Evidence for slip transfer from Owens and Saline Valley fault zones to Fish Lake Valley fault zone: Geology, v. 24, p. 339-342, doi: 10. 1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0339:KOTECS>2.3.CO;2
63. Reheis, C., and Sawyer, T.L., 1997, Late Cenozoic history and slip rates of the Fish Lake Valley, Emigrant Peak, and Deep Springs fault zones, Nevada and California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, p. 280- 299, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1997)1092.3.CO;2.
64. Savage, J.C., 2000, Viscoelastic-coupling model for the earthquake cycle driven from below: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 105, p. 25,525-25,532, doi: 10.1029/2000JB900276.
65. Savage, J.C., Svarc, J.L., and Prescott, W.H., 2004, Interseismic strain and rotation rates in the northeast Mojave domain, eastern California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 109, p. B02406, doi: 10.1029/2003JB002705.
66. Schroeder, J.M., Lee, J., Owen, L.A., and Finkel, R.C., 2003, Pleistocene dextral fault slip along the White Mountains fault zone, California: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, no.6, p. 346.
67. Schweickert, R.A., Lahren, M.M., Smith, K.D., Howle, J.F., and Ichinose, G., 2004, Transtensional deformation in the Lake Tahoe region, California and Nevada, USA: Tectonophysics, v. 392, p. 303-323, doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2004.04. 019. (Pubitemid 40084035)
68. Shen, Z.K., Agnew, D.C., and King, R.W., 2003, The SCEC Crustal Motion Map, Version 3.0: Los Angeles, California, Southern California Earthquake Center.
69. Shen-Tu, B., Holt, W.E., and Haines, A.J., 1998, Contemporary kinematics of the western United States determined from earthquake moment tensors, very long baseline interferometry, and GPS observations: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 103, p. 18,087-18,117, doi: 10.1029/98JB01669.
70. Shen-Tu, B., Holt, W.E., and Haines, A.J., 1999, Deformation kinematics in the western United States determined from Quaternary fault slip rates and recent geodetic data: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 104, p. 28,927- 28,955, doi: 10.1029/1999JB900293.
71. Slemmons, D.B., van Wormer, D., Bell, E.J., and Silberman, M., 1979, Recent crustal movements in the Sierra Nevada-Walker Lane region of CaliforniaNevada: Part I. Rate and style of deformation: Tectonophysics, v. 52, p. 561-570, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(79)90271-3.
72. Smith, K.D., von Seggern, D., Blewitt, G., Preston, L., Anderson, J.G., Wernicke, B.P., and Davis, J.L., 2004, Evidence for deep magma injection beneath Lake Tahoe, Nevada-California: Science, v. 305, p. 1277-1280, doi: 10.1126/science.1101304. (Pubitemid 39129229)
73. Stewart, J.H., 1988, Tectonics of the Walker Lane belt, western Great Basin: Mesozoic and Cenozoic deformation in a zone of shear, in Ernst, W.G., ed., Metamorphism and Crustal Evolution of the Western United States, Volume 7: Old Tappen, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, p. 683-713.
74. Stockli, D.F., Dumitru, T.A., McWilliams, M.O., and Farley, K.A., 2003, Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the White Mountains, California and Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, p. 788-816, doi: 10.1130/ 0016-7606(2003)1152.0.CO;2.
75. Surpless, B.E., Stockli, D.F., Dumitru, T.A., and Miller, E.L., 2002, Two-phase westward encroachment of Basin and Range extension into the northern Sierra Nevada: Tectonics, v. 21, p. 1002, doi: 10.1029/2000TC001257.
76. Svarc, J.L., Savage, J.C., Prescott, W.H., and Murray, M.H., 2002a, Strain accumulation and rotation in western Oregon and southwestern Washington: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 107, p. 2087, doi: 10.1029/2001JB000625.
77. Svarc, J.L., Savage, J.C., Prescott, W.H., and Ramelli, A.R., 2002b, Strain accumulation and rotation in western Nevada, 1993-2000: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 107, p. 2090, doi: 10.1029/2001JB000579.
78. Thatcher, W., Foulger, G.R., Julian, B.R., Svarc, J., Quilty, E., and Bawden, G.W., 1999, Present-day deformation across the Basin and Range Province, western United States: Science, v. 283, p. 1714-1718, doi: 10.1126/ science.283.5408.1714.
79. Unruh, J., Humphrey, J., and Barron, A., 2003, Transtensional model for the Sierra Nevada fault system, eastern California: Geology, v. 31, p. 327- 330, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0327:TMFTSN>2.0.CO;2 (Pubitemid 36537088)
80. Wallace, R.E., 1984, Patterns and timing of late Quaternary faulting in the Great Basin Province and relation to some regional tectonic features: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, p. 5763-5769, doi: 10.1029/ JB089iB07p05763.
81. Wallace, R.E., 1987, Grouping and migration of surface faulting and variations in slip rates on faults in the Great Basin province: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 77, p. 868-876.
82. Ward, S.N., 1998, On the consistency of earthquake moment release and space geodetic strain rates: Europe: Geophysical Journal International, v. 135, p. 1011-1018, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.t01-2-00658.x.
83. Wesnousky, S.G., 2005a, Active faulting in the Walker Lane: Tectonics, v. 24, p. TC3009, doi: 10.1029/2004TC001645. (Pubitemid 41363606)
84. Wesnousky, S.G., 2005b, The San Andreas and Walker Lane fault systems, western North America: Transpression, transtension, cumulative slip and the structural evolution of a major transform plate boundary: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 27, p. 1505-1512, doi: 10.1016/j.jsg.2005.01.015. (Pubitemid 41258611)
85. Wesnousky, S.G., Barron, A.D., Briggs, R.W., Caskey, S.J., Kumar, S., and Owen, L., 2005, Paleoseismic transect across the northern Great Basin: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 110, p. B05408, doi: 10.1029/2004JB003283. (Pubitemid 41052375)
86. Williams, T.B., Kelsey, H.M., and Freymueller, J.T., 2006, GPS-derived strain in northwestern California: Termination of the San Andreas fault system and convergence of the Sierra Nevada-Great Valley block contribute to southern Cascadia forearc contraction: Tectonophysics, v. 413, p. 171- 184, doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.10.047. (Pubitemid 43141554)