Dye tracing a jökulhlaup: I. Subglacial water transit speed and water-storage mechanism

Journal of Glaciology

Volumn 55, Issue 193, 2009, Pages 889-898

  Werder, Mauro A ^a   Loye, Alexandre ^a,b   Funk, Martin ^a  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DYE TRACER; ESTIMATION METHOD; GLACIAL HYDROLOGY; GLACIAL LAKE; GLACIER FLOW; GLACIER SURGE; JOKULHLAUP; MEASUREMENT METHOD; MODELING; OBSERVATIONAL METHOD; WATER FLOW; WATER STORAGE;

GORNER GLACIER; SWITZERLAND; VALAIS;

EID: 75449089726     PISSN: 00221430     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3189/002214309790152447     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Anderson, S.P. and 6 others. 2003. Integrated hydrologic and hydrochemical observations of Hidden Creek Lake jökulhlaups, Kennicott Glacier, Alaska. J. Ceophys. Res., 108(F1), 6003. (10.1029/2 002JF000004.)
2. Aschwanden, H. and C. Leibundgut. 1982. Die Markierung der Wasser des Gornerseeausbruchs mit drei Fluoreszenztracern. Beitr. Geol. Schweiz, 28(11), 535-549.
3. Bartholomaus, T.C., R.S. Anderson and S.P. Anderson. 2008. Response of glacier basal motion to transient water storage. Nature Geosci., 1(1), 33-37.
4. Björnsson, H. 1998. Hydrological characteristics of the drainage system beneath a surging glacier. Nature, 395(6704), 771-774.
5. Chow, V.T., D.R. Maidment and L.W. Mays. 1988. Applied hydrology. New York, McGraw-Hill Inc.
6. Clarke, G.K.C. 1996. Lumped-element analysis of subglacial hydraulic circuits. J. Ceophys. Res., 101(B8), 17,547-17,560.
7. Clarke, G.K.C. 2003. Hydraulics of subglacial outburst floods: new insights from the Spring-Hutter formulation. J. Glaciol., 49(165), 299-313.
8. De Smedt, F., W. Brevis and P. Debels. 2005. Analytical solution for solute transport resulting from instantaneous injection in streams with transient storage. J. Hydrol., 315(1-4), 25-39.
9. Fisher, D. 1973. Subglacial leakage of Summit Lake, British Columbia, by dye determinations. IASH Publ. 95 (Symposium at Cambridge 1969 - Hydrology of Glaciers), 111-116.
10. Fountain, A.G. 1993. Geometry and flow conditions of subglacial water at South Cascade Glacier, Washington State, USA; an analysis of tracer injections. J. Glaciol., 39(131), 143-156.
11. Fountain, A.G. and J.S. Walder. 1998. Water flow through temperate glaciers. Rev. Geophys., 36(3), 299-328.
12. Fowler, A.C. 1999. Breaking the seal at Grimsvotn, Iceland. J. Glaciol., 45(151), 506-516.
13. Hubbard, B. and P. Nienow. 1997. Alpine subglacial hydrology. Quat. Sci. Rev., 16(9), 939-955.
14. Huss, M., A. Bauder, M. Werder, M. Funk and R. Hock. 2007. Glacier-dammed lake outburst events of Gornersee, Switzerland. J. Glaciol., 53(181), 189-200.
15. Käss, W. 1998. Tracing technique in geohydrology. Rotter-dam/Brookefield, A.A. Balkema.
16. Kohler, J. 1995. Determining the extent of pressurized flow beneath Storglaciaren, Sweden, using results of tracer experiments and measurements of input and output discharge. ]. Glaciol., 41 (138), 217-231.
17. Lang, H., C. Leibundgut and E. Festel. 1981. Results from tracer experiments on the water flow through the Aletschgletscher. Z. Cletscherkd. Clazialgeol., 15(2), 209-218.
18. Nienow, P.W., M.J. Sharp and I.C. Willis. 1996. Velocity-discharge relationships derived from dye tracer experiments in glacial meltwaters: implications for subglacial flow conditions. Hydrol. Process., 10(10), 1411-1426.
19. Nye, J.F. 1976. Water flow in glaciers: jökulhlaups, tunnels and veins. J. Glaciol., 17(76), 181-207.
20. Piccini, L., A. Romeo and G. Badino. 2000. Moulins and marginal contact caves in the Gomergletscher, Switzerland. Nimbus 23-24, 94-99.
21. Roberts, M.J. 2005. Jökulhlaups: a reassessment of flood-water flow through glaciers. Rev. Ceophys., 43(1), RG1002. (10.1029/2003RG000147.
22. Röthlisberger, H. 1972. Water pressure in intra- and subglacial channels. J. Glaciol., 11(62), 177-203.
23. Schuler, T. and U.H. Fischer. 2003. Elucidating changes in the degree of tracer dispersion in a subglacial channel. Ann. Glaciol., 37, 275-280.
24. Schuler, T, U.H. Fischer and G.H. Gudmundsson. 2004. Diurnal variability of subglacial drainage conditions as revealed by tracer experiments. J. Geophys. Res., 109(F2), FO2008. (10.1029/2003JF000082.
25. Spring, U. and K. Hutter. 1982. Conduit flow of a fluid through its solid phase and its application to intraglacial channel flow. Int. J. Eng. Sci., 20(2), 327-363.
26. Stearns, L.A., B.E. Smith and G.S. Hamilton. 2008. Increased flow speed on a large East Antarctic outlet glacier caused by subglacial floods. Nature Geosci., 1(12), 827-831.
27. Sugiyama, S., A. Bauder, P. Weiss and M. Funk. 2007. Reversal of ice motion during the outburst of a glacier-dammed lake on Gomergletscher, Switzerland. J. Glaciol., 53(181), 172-180.
28. Sugiyama, S., A. Bauder, M. Huss, P. Riesen and M. Funk. 2008. Triggering and drainage mechanisms of the 2004 glacier-dammed lake outburst in Gomergletscher, Switzerland. J. Geophys. Res., 113(F4), F04019. (10.1029/2007JF000920.
29. Toride, N, F.J. Leij and M.Th. van Genuchten. 1999. The CXTFIT code for estimating transport parameters from laboratory or field tracer experiments. Version 2.1. Riverside, CA, US Department of Agriculture. US Salinity Laboratory. (Research Report 137.
30. Tweed, F.S. and A.J. Russell. 1999. Controls on the formation and sudden drainage of glacier-impounded lakes: implications for jökulhlaup characteristics. Progr. Phys. Geogr., 23(1), 79-110.
31. Van Cenuchten, M.T. and P.J. Wierenga. 1976. Mass transfer studies in sorbing porous media: I. Analytical solutions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 40(4), 473-480.
32. Walter, F., N. Deichmann and M. Funk. 2008. Basal icequakes during changing subglacial water pressures beneath Gorner-gletscher, Switzerland. J. Glaciol., 54(186), 511-521.
33. Walter, F., J.F. Clinton, N. Deichmann, D.S. Dreger, S.E. Minson and M. Funk. In press. Moment tensor inversions of icequakes on Gornergletscher, Switzerland. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 99(2A), 852-870
34. Werder, M.A. 2009. Dye tracing and modelling jökulhlaups. (PhD thesis, ETH Zürich.
35. Werder, M.A. and M. Funk. 2009. Dye tracing a jökulhlaup: II. Testing a jokulhlaup model against flow speeds inferred from measurements. J. Glaciol., 55(193), 899-908.