A tale of two cities: The social production of sterile sporting space

Journal of Sport and Social Issues

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 349-378

  Silk, Michael L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

Cities; Fractured; Sanitized; Space; Sport

Indexed keywords

EID: 7544246677     PISSN: 01937235     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0193723504268373     Document Type: Article

References (127)

1. Andrews, D. (2001), Dead or alive: Sport history in the late capitalist moment. Sporting Traditions, 16(1), 73-85
2. Bale, J. (1996). Landscapes of modern sport. Leicester, UK: Leicester University Press.
3. Bale, J. (2001). Sport, space and the city. Caldwell, NJ: Blackburn.
4. Banjeree, S., & Linstead, S. (2001). Globalization, multiculturalism and other fictions: Colonialism for the new millennium. Organization, 8 4), 683-722.
5. Behrman, J., & Rondinelli, D. (1992). The cultural imperatives of globalization: Urban economic growth in the 21st century. Economic Development Quarterly, 6, 115-126.
6. Bélanger, A- (2000). Sport venues and the spectacularization of urban spaces in North America: The case of the Molson Centre in Montreal. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 35(3), 378-397.
7. Bell, D. (1976). The coming of post-industrial society. New York: Basic Books.
8. Bbagwandin, S. (2002). Memphis readies for Tyson/Lewis heavyweight championship bout. Retrieved March 20, 2003, from www.usaenews.com/news/June_4_2002/MemphisReadies.htm.
9. Bianchini, F., & Schwengel, H. (1991). Re-imaging the city. In J. Corner & S. Harvey (Eds.), Enterprise and heritage: Crosscurrents of national culture (pp. 212-234). London: Routledge.
10. Bockmeyer, J. (2000). A culture of distrust: The impact of local political culture on participation in the Detroit EZ. Urban Studies, 37(13), 2417-2440.
11. Borden, 1. (2001). Skateboarding, space & the city: Architecture & the body. Oxford, UK: Berg.
12. Brah, A. (2002). Global mobilities, local predicaments: Globalization and the critical imagination. Feminist Review, 70, 30-45.
13. Branston, J. (2001, April). Working stiff: A reporter goes undercover in North America's distribution center. Memphis Magazine Online. Retrieved March 20, 2003 from www.memphismagazine.conVbackissues/april200l/coverstortyl5.htm.
14. Bridge, G., & Watson, S. (2000). Retext(ur)ing the city. City, 5 3), 350-362.
15. Castells, M. (1989). The informational city: Information technology, economic restructuring and the urban-regional process. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
16. Castells, M. (1994). European cities, the informational society and the global economy. New Left Review, 204, 18-32.
17. Castells, M. (1996). The rise of the network society. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
18. Castells, M. (2000). The network society. In D. Held & A. Mcgrew (Eds.), The global transformations reader (pp. 76-81). Cambridge, UK: Polity.
19. Chalkey, B., & Essex, S. (1999). Urban development through hosting international events: A history of the Olympic Games. Planning Perspectives, 14, 369-394.
20. Chatterton, P., & Hollands, R. (2002). Theorising urban playscapes: Producing, regulating and consuming youthful nightlife city spaces. Urban Studies, 39(l),95-116.
21. Clubb, D. (2000, April 3). Downtown planners grease skids for homeless control. The Commercial Appeal, p. Al.
22. Clubb, D. (2003, March 9). Tax-freeze guide targets "core city." The Commercial Appeal, p. Gl.
23. Cooper, Robertson, & Partners. (2004). Memphis promenade land use plan. New York: Author.
24. Corner, J., & Harvey, S. (Eds.). (1991). Mediating tradition and modernity: The heritage/enterprise couplet. In Enterprise and heritage: Crosscurrents of national culture (pp. 45-75). London: Routledge.
25. Covington, J. (2001). For the first time, most Memphians live outside the loop. Retrieved April 1, 2003, from www.newgomemphis.com/newgo/special/census/043001/30loop.htm.
26. Cowie, J. (1999). Capital moves: RCMs seventy year quest for cheap labor. New York: Free Press.
27. Debord, G. (1995). The society of the spectacle (D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans.). New York: Zone Books. (Original work published 1967)
28. De Cillia, R., Reisgel, M., & Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identities. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 19-173.
29. Edwards, M. (2002). Wealth creation and poverty creation: Global-local interactions in the economy of London. City, 6(l), 25-42.
30. Fainstein, S., & Gladstone, D. (1999). Evaluating urban tourism. In S. Fainstein & D. Judd (Eds.), The tourist city (pp. 21-34). New Haven, CT: Yale.
31. Featherstone, M. (1991). Consumer culture and postmodernism. London: Sage.
32. Featherstone, M. (2002). Cosmopolis: An introduction. Theory, Culture & Society, 19, 1-16.
33. Federal Highway Administration. (2001, August). Interstate 69 corridor. Atlanta, GA: Federal Highway Administration Southern Resource Center.
34. Firat, A. (1995). Consumer culture or culture consumed. In J. Costa & G. Bamossy (Eds.), Marketing in a multicultural world (pp. 105-125 . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
35. Friedman, M., & Andrews, D. (2002, November). Facadism: Theorizing urban spaces of sports consumption. Paper presented at the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana.
36. Friedman, M., Andrews, D., & Silk, M. (2004). Sport and the faqade of redevelopment in the post-industrial city. Sociology of Sport Journal, 21, 119-139.
37. Frow, J. (1997). Time and commodity culture. Oxford, UK: Clarendon.
38. Fulfillthedream.net. (2004). Jacqueline Smith. Retrieved March 25, 2004, from www.fulfillthedream.net/pages/mlk.jsmithl.html.
39. Giddens, A. (1985). National state and violence (Volume II of a contemporary critique of historical materialism. Berkeley: University of California Press.
40. Goodwin, M. (1993). The city as commodity: The contested spaces of urban development. In G. Kearns & C. Philo (Eds.), Selling places: The city as cultural capital, past and present (pp. 145-162). Oxford, UK: Pergamon.
41. Gottdiener, M. (2000). Lefebvre and the bias of Academic urbanism: What can we learn from the new urban analysis? City, 4, 93-100.
42. Grogan, P., & Proscio, T. (2000). Comeback cities: A blueprint for urban neighborhood revival. Oxford, UK: Westview.
43. Grossberg, L. (1997). Cultural studies, modern logics and theories of globalisation. In A. McRobbie (Ed.), Back to reality: Social experience and cultural studies (pp. 7-35). Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
44. Haider, D. (1992). Place wars: New realities of the 1990s. Economic Development Quarterly, 6, 127-134.
45. Hannigan, J. (1998). Fantasy city: Pleasure and profit in the postmodern metropolis. London: Routledge.
46. Harbor Town: The Final Frontier. (2003). Playbill: Harbor Town Landing. Memphis, TN: Henry Turley Real Estates.
47. Hardt, M., & Negri, A. (2000). Empire. Cambridge: MA: Harvard University Press.
48. Harvey, D. (1989). The condition of postmodernity. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
49. Harvey, D. (2000). Spaces of hope. Boulder: University of Colorado Press.
50. Harvey, D. (2001). Spaces of capital: Towards a critical geography New York: Routledge.
51. Healey, C. (1997). From the ruins of colonialism: History as social memory. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
52. Henrici, J. (2002). Speed and space within a NAFTA corridor. Space and Culture, 5(l), 49-52.
53. Jansen-Verbeke, M. (1989). Inner cities and urban tourism in the Netherlands: New challenges for local authorities. In P. Bramham, 1. Henrey, H. Mommas, & H. Van Der Poel (Eds.), Leisure and urban processes: Critical studies of leisure policy in Western European cities (pp. 213-253). London: Routledge.
54. Jones, J. (2000). The street politics of Jackie Smith. In G. Bridge & S. Watson (Eds.), A companion to the city (pp. 448-459). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
55. Judd, D. (1995). The rise of the new walled cities. In H. Liggett & D. Perry (Eds), Spatial practices: Critical explorations in social Ispatial theory (pp. 144-166). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
56. Judd, D. (1999). Constructing the tourist bubble. In S. Fainstein & D. Judd (Eds.), The tourist city (pp. 35-53). New Haven, CT: Yale.
57. Judd, D., & Simpson, D. (2003). Reconstructing the local state: The role of external constituencies in building urban tourism. American Behavioral Scientist, 46(8), 1056-1069.
58. Kearns, G., & Philo, C. (Eds.). (1993). Selling places: The city as cultural capital, past and present. Oxford, UK: Pergamon.
59. Klein, N. (2000). No logo: Taking aim at the brand bullies. New York: Picador,
60. Lash, S., & Urry, J. (1994). Economies of signs and space. London: Sage.
61. Lash, S., & Urry, J. (2000). The end of organized capitalism. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
62. Lefevbre, H. (1991). The production of space (D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell. (Original work published 1974)
63. Lefevbre, H. (1996). Writings on cities lHenri Lefevbre (E. Kofman & E. Lebas, Trans.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
64. Leland, J. (2003). On a hunt for ways to put sex in the city. New York Times. Retrieved December 16, 2003, from www.nytimes.com/2003/12/11/garden/11COOL. html?ex=107264168&ei=l&en=a297cee6ed46cb6c.
65. Livingston, S. (1997). NAFTA and Tennessee. Global Commerce, 3(l). Retrieved February 27,2003, from www.mtsu.edu/%7Ebere/global/oldissues/summer97/P2.html.
66. Lofton, D. (1999, February 28). 99: Year downtown will turn corner. The Commercial Appeal, p. J15.
67. Lowes, M. (2002). Indy dreams and urban nightmares: Speed merchants, spectacle, and the struggle overpublic space in the world-class city. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
68. MacLeod, G., Raco, M., & Ward, K. (2003). Negotiating the contemporary city. Urban Studies, 400, 1655-1671.
69. Markovitz, A., & Hellerman, S. (2001). Offiside: Soccer and American exceptionalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
70. Massey, D. (1984). Spatial division of labor: Social structures and the geography of production. London: MacMillan.
71. Massey, D. (1997). Problems with globalization. Soundings, 7,7-12.
72. Massey, D. (2000). Understanding cities. City, 4, 135-144.
73. Massey, D., Allen, J., & Pile, S. (1999). City worlds. London: Routledge.
74. Memphis. (2001). Memphis, Tennessee, renewal community application Retrieved March 25, 2004, from www.cityofmemphis.org/navigate.asp?sec=community&opt=rc-welcome.
75. Memphis 2005. (2001). Remington Arms Co. to distribute worldwide from Memphis. Retrieved March 20,2003, from www.memphis2005.com/news/index.asp.
76. Memphis 2005. (2003). The Memphis 2005 plan. Retrieved February 27, 2003, from www.memphis2005.com/plan/index.htm.
77. Mills, C. W. (1959). The sociological imagination. London: Oxford University Press.
78. Morris, M. (1992). The man in the mirror: David Harvey's condition of postmodernity. Theory, Culture & Society, 9(l), 253-279.
79. Murdock, G. (1997). Base notes: The conditions of cultural practice. In M. Ferguson & P. Golding (Eds.), Cultural studies in question (pp. 86-101). London: Sage.
80. Nike. (2003). Nikebiz: USA locations-Memphis. Retrieved March 20, 2003, from www.nike.com/nikebiz/nikebiz.jhtml?page=31&cat=locations &location=memphis.htm
81. Obermark, J. (1998, September 13). Downtown: Belz calls on developers to invest in heart of city. The Commercial Appeal, p. B4.
82. Okwumabua, T (2002). YO smart. Retrieved March 25,2004, from http://oir.memphis.edu/ir-.group/retention/yo-smart-Project-update-2003.doc.
83. Pagano, M., & Bowman, A. (1995). Cityscapes and capital: The politics of urban development. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
84. Peck, J., & Theodore, N. (2001). Exporting workfare/importing welfare-to-work: Exploring the politics of third way policy transfer. Political Geography, 20, 427-460.
85. Pieterse, N. (1995). Globalization as hybridization. In M. Featherstone, S. Lash, & R. Robertson (Eds.), Global modernities (pp. 45-68). London: Sage.
86. President's Community Enterprise Board. (1993). Building communities together: Guidebook for community-based strategic planning for empowerment zones and enterprise communities. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
87. President's Community Enterprise Board. (1999). Building communities together. Strategic planning guide round II. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
88. Richards, J. (1994). Facadism. New York: Routledge.
89. Ritzer, G., & Stillman, T. (2001). The postmodern ballpark as a leisure setting: Enchantment and simulated de-McDonaldization. Leisure Sciences, 23, 99-113.
90. Robins, K. (1991). Tradition and transition: National culture in its global context. In J. Corner & S. Harvey (Eds.), Enterprise and heritage (pp. 21-44). London: Routledge.
91. Robins, K. (1997). What in the world is going on? In P. Du Gay (Ed.), Production of culture / cultures of production (pp. 11-67). London: Sage.
92. Roche, M. (2000). Mega-events and modernity. London: Routledge.
93. Rose, N. (2000). Government and control. British Journal ofCriminology, 40,321-339.
94. Rowe, D., & McGuirk, R (1999). Drunk for three weeks: Sporting success and the city image. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 34, 125-142.
95. Sassen, S. (1991). The global city. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
96. Sassen, S. (1994). Cities in a world economy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
97. Sassen, S. (1998). Globalization and its discontents: Essays on the mobility of people and money. New York: New Press.
98. Sassen, S. (2001). The global city: New York, London, Tokyo (2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
99. Savitch, H., & Kantor, R (2003). Urban strategies for a global era: A cross-national comparison. American Behavioral Scientist, 46(8), 1002-1033.
100. Scott, W. R. (1995). Institutions and organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
101. Sheller, M., & Urry, J. (2003). Mobile transformations of public and private life. Thoery, Culture & Society, 20(3), 107-125.
102. Short, J., Breitbach, C., Buckman, S., & Essex, J. (2000). From world cities to gateway cities: Extending the boundaries of globalization theory. City, 4, 317-340.
103. Silk, M. (2002). "Bangsa Malaysia": Global sport, the city and the mediated refurbishment of local identities. Media, Culture & Society, 24, 775-794.
104. Silk, M. & Chumley, E. (2004). Come Downtown and Play: (Atro Cities ofthe Past in the Present. Manuscript submitted for publication.
105. Smith, N. (1998). Guiliani time: The revanchist 1990s. Social Text, 57,1-20.
106. Soja, E. (1989). Postmodern geographies: The reassertion ofspace in critical social theory. London: Verso.
107. Soja, E. (1996). Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and other real-and-imagined spaces. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
108. Soja, E. (2000). Postmetropolis: Critical studies of cities and regions. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
109. Stevenson, D. (1997). Olympic arts: Sydney 2000 and the cultural Olympiad. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 32, 227-238.
110. Thayer, J. (2002). Memphis downtown entertainment area public safety assessment and strategic plan. Santa Barbara, CA: Special Events Management.
111. Tomlinson, A., Markovitz, A., & Young, C. (2002). Mapping sports space. American Behavioral Scientist, 46(11), 1463-1475.
112. Troy, R (2002). Change or turbulence. City, 6(l), 7-24.
113. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2004). Empowerment zones and enterprise communities programs. Retrieved March 25, 2004, from www2.acfhhs.gov/programs/ocstez~-echnfb.htm.
114. U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development. (1999). Strategic planning for empowerment zones and enterprise communities, round II. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
115. U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development. (2002). Bush administration announces renewal community initiative. March 25, 2004, from www.hud.gov news/release.cfm?content=pr02-013.cfm.
116. Van Ingen, C. (2003). Geographies of gender, sexuality and race: Reframing the focus on space in sport sociology. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 38(2), 201-216.
117. Waitt, G. (2000). Playing games with Sydney: Marketing Sydney for the 2000 Olympics. Urban Studies, 36(7), 1062-1073.
118. Walker, A. (2001). Leisure heritage and the city: A potent combination. Journal of Leisure Property, 1(4), 373-382.
119. Walks, R. (2001). The social ecology of the post-fordist/global city? Economic restructuring and socio-spatial polarisation. in the Toronto urban regional. Urban Studies, 38(3), 407-447.
120. Ward, K. (1997). Coalitions in urban regeneration: A regime approach. Environment and Planning B, 29, 315-320.
121. Wharton, A. C. (2002). Creating economic prosperity for all citizens Retrieved April 1, 2003, from www.ringger.com/archive/acwhartonformayor/issues/creating.html.
122. Whitson, D., & Macintosh, D. (1996). The global circus: International sport, tourism and the marketing of cities. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 20, 239-257.
123. Wilcox, R., & Andrews, D. (2003). Sport in the city: Cultural, economic and political portraits. In R. Wilcox, D. Andrews, R. Pitter, & R. Irwin (Eds.), Sporting dystopias: The making and meanings of urban sport cultures (pp. 1-16). New York: SUNY Press.
124. Wilcox, R., Andrews, D., Pitter, R., & Irwin, R. (Eds.). (2003). Sporting dystopias: The making and meanings of urban sport cultures. New York: SUNY Press.
125. Williams, R. (1988). Second generation. London: Verso.
126. Zukin, S. (1991). Landscapes of power. From Detroit to Disney. Berkeley: University of California Press.
127. Zukin, S. (1995). The culture of cities. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.