Potential legal challenges to the application of the children's internet protection act (CIPA) in public libraries: Strategies and issues

First Monday

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 1-

  Jaeger, Paul T ^a   McClure, Charles R ^a  

^a FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 7544243966     PISSN: 13960466     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5210/fm.v9i2.1117     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. American Civil Liberties Union v. Reno, 2000. 217 F.3d 162 (3rd Cir.).
2. American Library Association v. United States, 2002. 201 F. Supp.2d 401 (E. D. Pa.).
3. Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Union, 2002. 535 U.S. 564.
4. Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition, 2002. 535 U.S. 234.
5. Lori Bowen Ayre, 2001. "Internet Filtering Options Analysis: An Interim Report," InFoPeople Project, at http://www.infopeople.org, accessed 6 December 2003.
6. Jeannette Allis Bastian, 1997. "Filtering the Internet in American Public Libraries: Sliding Down the Slippery Slope," First Monday, volume 2, number 10 (October), at http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue2_10/bastian/, accessed 6 December 2003.
7. John Carlo Bertot and Charles R. McClure, 2002. "Public libraries and the Internet 2002: Internet connectivity and networked services," Information Use Management and Policy Institute, at http://www.ii.fsu.edu, accessed 6 December 2003.
8. John Carlo Bertot, Charles R. McClure, and Joe Ryan, 2002. "Impact of External Technology Funding Programs for Public Libraries: A Study of LSTA, E-rate, Gates, and Others," Public Libraries (May/June), pp. 166-171.
9. John Carlo Bertot, Charles R. McClure, Kim M. Thompson, and Paul T. Jaeger, 2003. "Analysis of Public Library E-rate Data: 1999-2002," Information Use Management and Policy Institute, at http://www.ii.fsu.edu, accessed 6 December 2003.
10. Board of Education v. Pico, 1982. 457 U.S. 853.
11. Broadrick v. Oklahoma, 1973. 431 U.S. 601.
12. Michael J. Brown, 2003. "The Children's Internet Protection Act: A Denial of a Student's Opportunity to Learn in a Technology-Rich Environment," Georgia State University Law Review, volume 19, pp. 789-851.
13. Tanessa Cabe, 2002. "Regulation of Speech on the Internet: Fourth Time's the Charm?," Media Law and Policy, volume 11, pp. 50-61.
14. Child Online Protection Act, 47 U.S.C. § 231.
15. Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996, 18 U.S.C. § 2252.
16. Children's Internet Protection Act, P.L. 106-554. Codified at 20 U.S.C. §§ 6801, 6777, 9134 and 47 U.S.C. § 254.
17. CNN, 2003. "Supreme Court to Revisit Net Porn Law," at http://www.cnn.com, accessed 6 December 2003.
18. Communications Decency Act, 47 U.S.C. § 223.
19. Federal Communications Commission, 2003. In re Federal-State Joint Board on Universal Service: Children's Internet Protection Act, FCC 03-188.
20. Federal Communications Commission, 2001. In re Federal-State Joint Board on Universal Service: Children's Internet Protection Act, 16 FCC Rcd. 8182.
21. Adam Goldstein, 2002. "Like a Sieve: The Child Internet Protection Act and Ineffective Filters in Libraries," Fordham Intellectual Property, Media, and Entertainment Law Journal, volume 12, pp. 1187-1202.
22. David J. Goldstone, 1995. "The Public Forum Doctrine in the Age of the Information Superhighway (Where are the Public Forums on the Information Superhighway?)," Hastings Law Journal, volume 46, number 2, pp. 337-403.
23. Steven D. Hinckley, 2002. "Your Money or Your Speech: The Children's Internet Protection Act and the Congressional Assault on the First Amendment in Public Libraries," Washington University Law Quarterly, volume 80, pp. 1025-1099.
24. Adam Horowitz, 2000. "The Constitutionality of the Children's Internet Protection Act," St. Thomas Law Review, volume 13, pp. 425-444.
25. Hynes v. Mayor of Borough of Oradell, 1976. 425 U.S. 610.
26. Paul T. Jaeger, John Carlo Bertot, and Charles R. McClure, in press-a. "The Effects of the Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) in Public Libraries and Its Implications for Research: A Statistical, Policy, and Legal Analysis," Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology.
27. Paul T. Jaeger, Charles R. McClure, John Carlo Bertot, and J.T. Snead, in press-b. "The Patriot Act, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, and Information Policy Research in Libraries: Issues, Impacts, and Questions for Library Researchers," Library Quarterly.
28. Paul T. Jaeger, Charles R. McClure, John Carlo Bertot, and Lesley A. Langa, under review. "The Impacts of the Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) on Public Libraries."
29. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002. "See No Evil: How Internet Filters Affect the Search for Online Health Information," at http://www.kff.org, accessed 6 December 2003.
30. Daniel C. Kramer, 2003. "Federal Jurisprudence, State Autonomy: Perspective on American Library Association v. United States," Albany Law Review, volume 66, pp. 815-821.
31. Landmark Communications, Inc. v. Virginia, 1978. 435 U.S. 829.
32. Lamont V. Postmaster General, 1963. 381 U.S. 301.
33. Joyce M. Latham, 2001. "Positioning the Public Library in the Modern State: The Opportunity of the Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA)," First Monday, volume 6, number 7 (July), at http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue6_7/latham/, accessed 6 December 2003.
34. Gregory K. Laughlin, 2003. "Sex, Lies, and Library Cards: The First Amendment Implications of the Use of Software Filters to Control Access to Internet Pornography in Public Libraries," Drake Law Review, volume 51, pp. 213-282.
35. Douglas Levin and Sousan Arafeh, 2002. "The Digital Disconnect: The Widening Gap Between Internet-Savvy Students and Their Schools," Pew Internet and American Life Project, at http://www.pewinternet.org, accessed 6 December 2003.
36. Joyce H-S. Li, 2000. "Cyberporn: The Controversy," First Monday, volume 5, number 8 (August), at http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue5_8/li/, accessed 6 December 2003.
37. Lovell v. Griffin, 1938. 303 U.S. 444.
38. Marilyn J. Maloney and Julia Morgan, 2001. "Rock and a Hard Place: The Public Library's Dilemma in Providing Access to Legal Materials on the Internet while Restricting Access to Illegal Materials," Hamline Law Review, volume 24, pp. 199-222.
39. Namita E. Mani, 2003. "Judicial Scrutiny of Congressional Attempts to Protect Children from the Internet's Harm: Will Internet Filtering Technology Provide the Answer Congress has been Looking for?," Boston University Journal of Science and Technology Law, volume 9, pp. 201-208.
40. Susan Nevelow Mart, 2003. "The Right to Receive Information," Law Library Journal, volume 95, pp. 175-189.
41. William J. McIver, William F. Birdsall, and Merrilee Rasmussen, 2003. "The Internet and the Right to Communicate," First Monday, volume 8, number 12 (December), at http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue8_12/mciver/, accessed 6 December 2003.
42. Kiera Meehan, 2003. "Installation of Internet Filters in Public Libraries: Protection of Children and Staff vs. the First Amendment," Boston University Public Interest Law Journal, volume 12, pp. 483-503.
43. Miller v. California, 1973. 413 U.S. 15.
44. Mary Minow, 1997. "Filters and the Public Library: A Legal and Policy Analysis," First Monday, volume 2, number 12 (December), at http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue2_12/minow/, accessed 6 December 2003.
45. National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 2003. "Children's Internet Protection Act: Study of Technology Protection Measures in Section 1703," at http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/ntiageneral/cipa2003/CIPAreport_08142003.htm, accessed 6 December 2003.
46. Richard J. Peltz, 2002. "Use 'the Filter You Were Born with': The Unconstitutionality of Mandatory Internet Filtering for Adult Patrons of Public Libraries," Washington Law Review, volume 77, 397-479.
47. Perry Education Association v. Perry Local Educators' Association, 1983. 460 U.S. 37.
48. Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 1997. 521 U.S. 844.
49. Roth v. United States, 1957. 354 U.S. 476.
50. Sable Communications of California, Inc. v. FCC, 1989. 492 U.S. 115.
51. Karen G. Schneider, 1997. A Practical Guide to Internet Filters. New York: Neal-Schuman.
52. V Sherbert v. Verner, 1963. 374 U.S. 398.
53. J. Adam Skaggs, 2003. "Burning the Library to Roast the Pig? Online Pornography and Internet Filtering in the Free Public Library," Brooklyn Law Review, volume 68, pp. 809-852.
54. Rodney A. Smolla, 1992. Free Speech in an Open Society. New York: Vintage.
55. Stanley v. Georgia, 1969. 394 U.S. 557.
56. Telecommunications Act of 1996. P.L. 104-104, codified at 47 U.S.C.A. § 225.
57. United States v. American Library Association, 2003. 123 S.Ct. 2297.
58. United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, 2000. 529 U.S. 803.
59. Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT) Act of 2001, P.L. 107-56.
60. Jonathan Wallace, 1997. "The X-Stop Files," First Monday, number 2, volume 12 (December), at http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue2_12/wallace/, accessed 6 December 2003.