When the personal meets the global at home filipina domestics and their female employers in Taiwan

Frontiers

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2004, Pages

  Cheng, Shu Ju Ada ^a  

^a DEPAUL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 7544235829     PISSN: 01609009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (25)

1. I use care or care work throughout the article as a broader construct to refer to all work in relation to the process of social reproduction, including housework, childcare, elderly care, and so forth. It is work that is generally considered in women's domain and that women are culturally expected to perform.
2. The reason I use heterosexual masculinity and femininity, rather than simply masculinity and femininity, is to emphasize that systems of gender and sexuality are simultaneously constructed. The social construction of gender and the ideological differentiation of masculinity and femininity are shaped by the system of heterosexuality and the ideology of heterosexual normativity.
3. Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment (New York: Routledge, 1991), 11.
4. Chin-Ju Lin, Filipina Domestic Workers in Taiwan: Structural Constraints and Personal Resistance (Taipei: Taiwan Grassroots Women Workers' Centre, 1999), 13.
5. Source: Employment and Vocational Training Administration, Council of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan, Republic of China.
6. Source: The Department of Labor and Employment, Republic of the Philippines. The top ten destinations for Filipino workers are Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Singapore, Italy, Kuwait, Brunei, and the United Kingdom (UK).
7. Rhacel Salazar Parreñas, "Migrant Filipina Domestic Workers and the International Division of Reproductive Labor," Gender & Society 14 (August 2000): 560-80.
8. Source: The Department of Labor and Employment, Republic of the Philippines.
9. Saskia Sassen, "Global Cities and Survival Circuits," in Global Woman: Nannies, Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy, ed. Barbara Ehrenreich and Arlie Russell Hochschild (New York: Henry Holt, 2002), 255.
10. Shu-Ju A. Cheng, "Rethinking the Globalization of Domestic Service: Foreign Domestics, State Control, and the Politics of Identity in Taiwan," Gender & Society 17 (April 2003): 166-86.
11. Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia all have similar immigration policies concerning the regulation of foreign workers and foreign domestics.
12. Abigail Bakan and Daiva Stasiulis, Not One of the Family: Foreign Domestic Workers in Canada, ed. Abigail B. Bakan and Daiva Stasiulis (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), 7.
13. Pei-Chia Lan, "Among Women: Migrant Domestics and Their Taiwanese Employers Across Generations," in Global Woman: Nannies, Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy, ed. Barbara Ehrenreich and Arlie Russell Hochschild (New York: Henry Holt, 2002), 170.
14. Arlie Hochschild, The Second Shift (New York: Avon Books, 1989), 254.
15. Phyllis Palmer, Domesticity and Dirt Housewives and Domestic Servants in the United States, 1920-1945 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989), 74.
16. Constable in her study of Filipina domestics in Hong Kong made a similar point. Nicole Constable, Maid to Order in Hong Kong: Stories of Filipina Workers (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997).
17. Hochschild, The Second Shift, 195.
18. Raka Ray, "Masculinity, Femininity, and Servitude: Domestic Workers in Calcutta in the Late Twentieth Century," Feminist Studies 26 (Fall 2000): 691-718.
19. Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought, 11.
20. Judith Roillins, Between Women: Domestics and Their Employers (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1985), 200.
21. Constable, Maid to Order in Hong Kong, 96.
22. See Rhacel Salazar Parreñas, "Mothering from a Distance: Emotions, Gender, and Inter-generational Relations in Filipino Transnational Families," Feminist Studies 27 (Summer 2001): 361-90; Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo and Ernestine Avila, "'I am Here, but I am There': The Meanings of Latina Transnational Motherhood," Gender & Society 11 (October 1997): 548-71.
23. See Rhacel Salazar Parreñas, "Mothering from a Distance: Emotions, Gender, and Inter-generational Relations in Filipino Transnational Families," Feminist Studies 27 (Summer 2001): 361-90; Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo and Ernestine Avila, "'I am Here, but I am There': The Meanings of Latina Transnational Motherhood," Gender & Society 11 (October 1997): 548-71.
24. Joan C. Tronto, "The 'Nanny" Question in Feminism," Hypatia 17 (Summer 2002): 34-51.
25. Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, Doméstica: Immigrant Workers Cleaning and Caring in the Shadows of Affluence (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), 243.