Dike orientations in the late jurassic independence dike swarm and implications for vertical-axis tectonic rotations in eastern California

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 438, Issue , 2008, Pages 481-498

  Hopson, R Forrest ^a   Hillhouse, John W ^b   Howard, Keith A ^b  

^a Geological Information Services LLC   (United States)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

Independence dike swarm; Paleomagnetic; Vertical axis rotations

Indexed keywords

CLOCKS; LANDFORMS; LEVEES; ROTATION; TECTONICS;

CLOCKWISE ROTATION; DIKE SWARMS; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; PALEOMAGNETIC; PALEOMAGNETIC DATA; PALEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE; TECTONIC ROTATIONS; VERTICAL-AXIS ROTATION;

HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES;

AZIMUTH; DIKE SWARM; JURASSIC; MAGNETIC DECLINATION; PALEOLATITUDE; PALEOMAGNETISM; TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTION; TECTONIC ROTATION;

BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE; CALIFORNIA; INYO MOUNTAINS; MOJAVE DESERT; SIERRA NEVADA [CALIFORNIA]; TRANSVERSE RANGES; UNITED STATES; WHITE MOUNTAINS [CALIFORNIA-NEVADA];

EID: 75249087773     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/2008.2438(17)     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. Anderson, E., 1951, The Mechanics of Faulting and Dyke Formation: Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd, 206 p.
2. Barth, A.P., Tosdal, R.M., Wooden, J.L., and Howard, K.A., 1997, Triassic plutonism in Southern California: Southward younging of arc initiation along a truncated continental margin: Tectonics, v. 16, p. 290-304, doi: 10.1029/96TC03596.
3. Bartley, J.M., and Glazner, A.F., 1991, En echelon Miocene rifting in the southwestern United States and model for vertical-axis rotation in continental extension: Geology, v. 19, p. 1165-1168, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1991) 019<1165:EEMRIT>2.3.CO;2.
4. Bartley, J.M., Glazner, A.F., Coleman, D.S., Kylander-Clark, A.R.C., and Friedrich, A.M., 2008, Large Laramide dextral offset across Owens Valley, California, and its possible relation to tectonic unroofing of the southern Sierra Nevada, in Till, A.B., Roeske, S.M., Foster, D.A., and Sample, J.C., eds., Exhumation Processes along Major Continental Strike-Slip Fault Systems: Geological Society of America Special Paper 434, p. 129-148, doi: 10.1130/2007.2343(07)
5. Bateman, P.C., 1965, Geologic Map of the Blackcap Mountain Quadrangle, Fresno County, California: U.S. Geological Survey GQ-428, scale 1:62,500.
6. Bateman, P.C., and Moore, J.G., 1965, Geologic Map of the Mount Goddard Quadrangle, Fresno and Inyo Counties: U.S. Geological Survey GQ-429, scale 1:62,500.
7. Burbank, D.W., and Whistler, D.P., 1987, Temporally constrained tectonic rotations derived from magnetostratigraphic data: Implications for the initiation of the Garlock fault: Geology, v. 15, p. 1172-1175, doi: 10.1130/ 0091-7613(1987)15<1172:TCTRDF>2.0.CO;2.
8. Burchfiel, B.C., 2004, New technology; new geological challenges: GSA Today, v. 14, no. 2, p. 4-10, doi: 10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014 <4:PANNGC>2.0.CO;2.
9. Carl, B.S., and Glazner, A.F., 2002, Present extent of the Independence dike swarm, in Glazner, A.F., Walker, J.D., and Bartley, J.M., eds., Geologic Evolution of the Mojave Desert and Southwestern Basin and Range: Geological Society of America Memoir 195, p. 117-130.
10. Carl, B.S., Glazner, A.F., Bartley, J.M., Dinter, D.A., and Coleman, D.S., 1998, Independence dikes and mafic rocks of the eastern Sierra: Guidebook to Field Trip #4, 94th Annual Meeting: Cordilleran Section, Geological Society of America, and Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, 26 p.
11. Carr, M.D., Christiansen, R.L., Poole, F.G., and Goodge, J.W., 1997, Bedrock Geologic Map of the El Paso Mountains in the Garlock and El Paso Peaks 7-1/5' Quadrangles, Kern County, California: U.S. Geological Survey I-2389, scale 1:24,000.
12. Carter, J.N., Luyendyk, B.P., and Terres, R.R., 1987, Neogene clockwise tectonic rotation of the eastern Transverse Ranges, California, suggested by paleomagnetic vectors: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 98, p. 199-206, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1987)98<199:NCTROT>2.0.CO;2.
13. Chen, J.H., and Moore, J.G., 1979, Late Jurassic Independence dike swarm in eastern California: Geology, v. 7, p. 129-133, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613 (1979)7<129:LJIDSI>2.0.CO;2.
14. Chen, J.H., and Moore, J.G., 1982, Uranium-lead isotopic ages from the Sierra Nevada batholith, California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, p. 4761-4784.
15. Coleman, D.S., Glazner, A.F., Bartley, J.M., and Carl, B.S., 2000, Cretaceous dikes within the Jurassic Independence dike swarm in eastern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, p. 504-511, doi: 10.1130/ 0016-7606(2000)112<0504:CDWTJI>2.3.CO;2.
16. Conrad, J.E., and McKee, E.H., 1985, Geologic Map of the Inyo Mountains Wilderness Study Area, Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey MF-1733-A, scale 1:62,500.
17. Davis, G.A., and Burchfiel, B.C., 1973, Garlock fault; an intracontinental transform structure: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, p. 1407-1422, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<1407:GFAITS> 2.0.CO;2.
18. Dibblee, T.W., 1960, Preliminary Geologic Map of the Apple Valley Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Investigations Field Studies Map MF-229, scale 1:62,500.
19. Dibblee, T.W., 1964a, Geologic Map of the Ord Mountains Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Map I-427, scale 1:62,500.
20. Dibblee, T.W., 1964b, Geologic Map of the Rodman Mountains Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Map I-430, scale 1:62,500.
21. Dibblee, T.W., 1966, Geologic Map of the Lavic Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Map I-472, scale 1:62,500.
22. Dibblee, T.W., 1967a, Geologic Map of the Emerson Lake Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Map I-490, scale 1:62,500.
23. Dibblee, T.W., 1967b, Geologic Map of the Joshua Tree Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Map I-516, scale 1:62,500.
24. Dickinson, W.R., 1996, Kinematics of Transrotational Tectonism in the California Transverse Ranges and its Contribution to Cumulative Slip along the San Andreas Transform Fault System: Geological Society of America Special paper 305, 46 p.
25. Dokka, R.K., and Ross, T.M., 1995, Collapse of southwestern North America and the evolution of early Miocene detachment faults, metamorphic core complexes, the Sierra Nevada orocline, and the San Andreas fault system: Geology, v. 23, p. 1075-1078, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023 <1075:COSNAA>2.3.CO;2.
26. Dokka, R.K., and Travis, C.J., 1990, Late Cenozoic strike-slip faulting in the Mojave Desert, California: Tectonics, v. 9, p. 311-340.
27. Dunne, G.C., and Walker, J.D., 1993, Age of Jurassic volcanism and tectonism, southern Owens Valley region, east-central California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, p. 1223-1230, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1993)105<1223:AOJVAT>2.3.CO;2.
28. Dunne, G.C., and Walker, J.D., 2004, Structure and evolution of the East Sierran thrust system, east-central California: Tectonics, v. 23, paper TC4012, 23 p.
29. Elayer, R.W., 1974, Stratigraphy and Structure of the Southern Inyo Mountains, Inyo County, California [M.S. thesis]: San Jose, California State University, 121 p.
30. Ernst, W.G., 1997, Metamorphism of mafic dikes from the central White-Inyo Range, eastern California: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 128, p. 30-14, doi: 10.1007/s004100050291.
31. Fox, L.K., and Miller, D.M., 1990, Jurassic granitoids and related rocks of the southern Bristol Mountains, southern Providence Mountains, and Colton Hills, southern Mojave Desert, California, in Anderson, J.L., ed., The Nature and Origin of Cordilleran Magmatism: Geological Society of America Memoir 174, p. 111-132.
32. Frei, L.S., 1986, Additional paleomagnetic results from the Sierra Nevada: Further constraints on Basin and Range extension and northwestward displacement in the western United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, p. 840-849, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97 <840:APRFTS>2. 0.CO;2.
33. Gerber, M.E., Miller, C.F., and Wooden, J.L., 1995, Plutonism at the interior margin of the Jurassic magmatic arc, Mojave Desert, California, in Miller, D.M., and Busby, C., eds., Jurassic Magmatism and Tectonics of the North America Cordillera: Geological Society of America Special Paper 299, p. 351-374.
34. Givler, R.W., and Wulff, A.H., 1999, Three generations of extension of dikes in the Cowhole Mountains, Mojave Desert, California: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 31, no. 6, p. A-57.
35. Glazner, A.F., Bartley, J.M., and Walker, J.D., 1989, Magnitude and significance of Miocene crustal extension in the central Mojave Desert: Geology, v. 17, p. 50-53, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0050:MASOMC>2.3.CO;2.
36. Glazner, A.F., Bartley, J.M., and Carl, B.S., 1999, Oblique opening and non-coaxial emplacement of the Jurassic Independence dike swarm, California: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 21, p. 1275-1283, doi: 10.1016/ S0191-8141(99)00090-5.
37. Goldfarb, R.J., Miller, D.M., Simpson, R.W., Hoover, D.B., Moyle, P.R., Olson, J.E., and Gaps, R.S., 1988, Mineral Resources of the Providence Mountains Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1712, 70 p.
38. Goodwin, E.B., Thompson, G.A., and Okaya, D.A., 1989, Seismic identification of basement reflectors; the Bagdad reflection sequence in the Basin and Range Province-Colorado Plateau transition zone, Arizona: Tectonics, v. 8, p. 821-831.
39. Grose, L.T., 1959, Structure and petrology of the northeast part of the Soda Mountains, San Bernardino County, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 70, p. 1509-1548, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70 [1509:SAPOTN]2.0.CO;2.
40. Hall, W.E., 1971, Geology of the Panamint Butte Quadrangle, Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1299, 67 p.
41. Hillhouse, J.W., and Wells, R.E., 1999, Paleomagnetism of Miocene volcanic rocks in the Newberry Mountains, California: Vertical axis rotation and a polarity transition: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 80, Fall Meeting supplement, p. F286.
42. Hope, R.A., 1966, Geology and Structural Setting of the Eastern Transverse Ranges, Southern California [Ph.D. dissertation]: Los Angeles, University of California, 134 p.
43. Hopson, C.A., 1988, Independence dike swarm: Origin and tectonic significance: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 69, Fall Meeting supplement, p. 1479.
44. Hopson, R.F., 1996, Basement Rock Geology and Tectonics of the Pinto Mountain Fault, San Bernardino County, Southern California [M.S. thesis]: Los Angeles, California State University, 132 p.
45. Hopson, R.F., 1999, A mechanical model for the Pinto Mountain fault, southern California: Preliminary results: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 31, no. 6, p. A-63.
46. Hopson, R.F., Howard, K.A., and Hillhouse, J.W., 1997, Independence dike swarm orientations in the southern Mojave Desert and eastern Transverse Ranges, California: Implications for tectonic rotations: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 78, Winter Meeting supplement, p. F632-F633.
47. Hopson, R.F., Hillhouse, J.W., and Howard, K.A., 2000, Rotation of the Late Jurassic Independence dike swarm, southern California: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 32, no. 7, p. A-173.
48. Hopson, R.F., Hillhouse, J.W., and Howard, K.A., 2005, Comparison of dike azimuths in the Independence dike swarm, California, to paleomagnetic data-Implications for late Cenozoic vertical axis rotations: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 37, no. 4, p. 102.
49. 39 Ar geochronologic study of hornblende and biotite from igneous and meta-morphic rocks: International Geology Review, v. 45, 24 p.
50. Howard, K.A., 2002, Geologic Map of the Sheep Hole Mountains 30' X 60' Quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey map MF-2344, scale 1:100,000.
51. Howard, K.A., and Hopson, R.F., 1997, Vertical axis rotations in the Mojave: Evidence from the Independence dike swarm: Comment: Geology, v. 5, p. 1051-1052, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025 <1051:VARITM>2.3.CO;2.
52. Jackson, J., and Molnar, P., 1990, Active faulting and block rotations in the western Transverse Ranges, California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, p. 22,073-22,087.
53. Jagiello, K.J., 1991, Determination of Horizontal Separation on Late Cenozoic Strike-Slip Faults in the Central Mojave Desert, Southern California [Ph.D. dissertation]: Los Angeles, University of California, 293 p.
54. James, E.W., 1989, Southern extension of the Independence dike swarm of eastern California: Geology, v. 17, p. 587-590, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613 (1989)017<0587:SEOTID>2.3.CO;2.
55. Kanter, L.R., and McWilliams, M.O., 1982, Rotation of the southernmost Sierra Nevada, California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, p. 3819-3830.
56. Karish, C.R., Miller, E.R., and Sutter, J.F., 1987, Mesozoic tectonic and magmatic history of the central Mojave Desert, in Dickinson, W.R., and Klute, M.A., eds., Mesozoic Rocks of Southern Arizona and Adjacent Areas: Arizona Geological Digest, v. 18, p. 15-32.
57. Kelley, J., 1973, Structural Geology of a Portion of the Southwest Quarter of the New York Butte Quadrangle, Inyo County, California [M.S. thesis]: San Jose, California State University, 93 p.
58. Lahren, M.M., Schweickert, R.A., Mattinson, J.M., and Walker, J.D., 1990, Evidence of uppermost Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian miogeoclinal rocks and the Mojave-Snow Lake fault: Snow Lake pendant, central Sierra Nevada, California: Tectonics, v. 9, p. 1585-1608.
59. Loomis, D.P., and Burbank, D.W., 1988, The stratigraphic evolution of the El Paso Basin, Southern California: Implications for the Miocene development of the Garlock fault and uplift of the Sierra Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 12-28, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1988)100<0012: TSEOTE>2.3.CO;2.
60. Luyendyk, B.P., Kamerling, M.J., and Terres, R., 1980, Geometric model for Neogene crustal rotations in southern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 91, p. 211-217, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1980)91 <211:GMFNCR>2.0.CO;2.
61. MacConnell, D.F., McCabe, C., Dokka, R.K., and Chu, M., 1994, Paleomagnetic and structural evidence for localized tectonic rotation associated with fault drag in the northern Mojave Desert: Implications for the late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Eastern California shear zone: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 126, p. 207-216, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90107- 4.
62. MacFadden, B.J., Woodburne, M.O., and Opdyke, N.D., 1990, Paleomagnetism and Neogene clockwise rotation of the northern Cady Mountains, Mojave Desert of southern California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, p. 4597-4608.
63. Martin, M.W., Glazner, A.F., Walker, J.D., and Schermer, E.R., 1993, Evidence for right-lateral transfer faulting accommodating en echelon Miocene extension, Mojave Desert, California: Geology, v. 21, p. 355-358, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0355:EFRLTF>2.3.CO;2.
64. McClusky, S.C., Bjornstad, S.C., Hager, B.H., King, R.W., Meade, B.J., Miller, M.M., Monastero, F.C., and Souter, B.J., 2001, Present day kinematics of the Eastern California shear zone from a geodetically constrained block model: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, p. 3369-3372, doi: 10.1029/2001GL013091.
65. McKenzie, D., and Jackson, J., 1986, A block model of distributed deformation by faulting: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 143, p. 349-353.
66. McManus, S.G., and Clemens-Knott, D., 1997, Geochemical and oxygen isotope constraints on the petrogenesis of the Independence dike swarm, San Bernardino Co., CA, in Girty, G.H., Hanson, R.E., and Cooper, J.D., eds., Geology of the Western Cordillera: Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Perspectives from Undergraduate Research, v. 82, p. 91-102.
67. McWilliams, M.O., and Li, Y., 1985, Oroclinal bending of the Sierra
68. Nevada batholith: Science, v. 230, p. 172-175, doi: 10.1126/ science.230.4722.172.
69. Miller, D.M., Glick, L.L., Goldfarb, R., Simpson, R.W., Hoover, D.B., Detra, D.E., Dohrenwend, J.C., and Munts, S.R., 1985, Mineral Resources and Resource Potential Map of the South Providence Mountains Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Map MF-1780-A, scale 1:62,500.
70. Miller, J.S., and Walker, J.D., 2002, Mesozoic evolution of Alvord Mountain, central Mojave Desert, California, in Glazner, A.F., Walker, J.D., and Bartley, J.M., eds., Geologic Evolution of the Mojave Desert and Southwestern Basin and Range: Geological Society of America Memoir 195, p. 59-77.
71. Molnar, P., and Gipson, J.M., 1994, Very long interferometry and active rotations of crustal blocks in the western Transverse Ranges, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 594-606, doi: 10.1130/ 0016-7606(1994)106<0594:VLBIAA>2.3.CO;2.
72. Moore, J.G., 1963, Geology of the Mount Pinchot Quadrangle, Southern Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1130, 152 p., scale 1:62,500.
73. Moore, J.G., 1978, Geologic Map of the Marion Peak Quadrangle, Fresno County, California: U.S. Geological Survey GQ-1399, scale 1:62,500.
74. Moore, J.G., and Hopson, C.A., 1961, The Independence dike swarm in eastern California: American Journal of Science, v. 259, p. 241-259.
75. Nelson, C.A., 1966a, Geologic Map of the Waucoba Mountain Quadrangle, Inyo County: U.S. Geological Survey GQ-528, scale 1:62,500.
76. Nelson, C.A., 1966b, Geologic Map of the Blanco Mountain Quadrangle, Inyo and Mono Counties: U.S. Geological Survey GQ-529, scale 1:62,500.
77. Nicholson, C., Seeber, L., Williams, P., and Sykes, L.R., 1986, Seismicity and fault kinematics through the eastern Transverse Ranges, California: Block rotation, strike-slip faulting and low-angle thrusts: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 91, no. B5, p. 4891-4908.
78. Powell, R.E., 1981, Geology of the Crystalline Basement Complex, Eastern Transverse Ranges, Southern California: Constraints on Regional Interpretation [Ph.D. dissertation]: Pasadena, California Institute of Technology, 441 p.
79. Powell, R.E., 1993, Balanced palinspastic reconstruction of pre-late Cenozoic paleogeology, southern California: Geologic and kinematic constraints on evolution of the San Andreas fault system, in Powell, R.E., Weldon, R.J., and Matti, J.C., eds., The San Andreas Fault System: Displacement, Palinspastic Reconstruction, and Geologic Evolution: Geological Society of America Memoir 178, p. 1-106.
80. Powell, R.E., Whittington, C.L., Grauch, V.J.S., and McColly, R.A., 1984a, Mineral Resource Potential of the Eagle Mountains Wilderness Study Area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-631, 25 p., scale 1:62,500.
81. Powell, R.E., Watts, K.C., and Lane, M.E., 1984b, Mineral Resource Potential of the Chuckwalla Mountains Wilderness Study Area (CDCA-348), Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-674, 25 p., scale 1:62,500.
82. Prevost, D.V., 1984, Geology of Transect of the Northern Argus Range, California [M.S. thesis]: Northridge, California State University, 105 p.
83. Renne, P.R., and Turrin, B.D., 1987, Constraints on timing of deformation in the Benton Range, southeastern California, and implications to Nevada orogenesis: Geology, v. 15, p. 1031-1034, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1987) 15<1031:COTODI>2.0.CO;2.
84. Renne, P.R., Mudd, S., Gatdula, J., and Carmichael, I., 1999, Age of the Benton Range dikes revisited: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 31, no. 6, p. 87.
85. Richard, S.M., 1993, Palinspastic reconstruction of southeastern California and southwestern Arizona: Tectonics, v. 12, p. 830-854.
86. Rinehart, C.D., and Ross, D.C., 1957, Geology of the Casa Diablo Mountain Quadrangle, California: U.S. Geological Survey Geological Survey Map GQ-99, scale 1:62,500
87. Ron, H., and Nur, A., 1996, Vertical axis rotations in the Mojave: Evidence from the Independence dike swarm: Geology, v. 24, p. 973-976, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0973:VARITM>2.3.CO;2.
88. Ross, D.C., 1965, Geology of the Independence Quadrangle, Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1181-O, 65 p., scale 1:62,500.
89. Ross, T.M., 1995, North-south-directed extension, timing of extension, and vertical-axis rotation of the southwest Cady Mountains, Mojave Desert, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, p. 793-811, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0793:NSDETO>2.3.CO;2.
90. Ross, T.M., Luyendyk, B.P., and Haston, R.B., 1989, Paleomagnetic evidence for Neogene clockwise tectonic rotations in the central Mojave Desert, California: Geology, v. 17, p. 470-473, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1989) 017<0470:PEFNCT>2.3.CO;2.
91. Savage, J.C., Gan, W., and Svarc, J.L., 2001, Strain accumulation and rotation in the Eastern California shear zone: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 106, p. 21,995-22,007, doi: 10.1029/2000JB000127.
92. Schelle, H., and Grunthal, G., 1996, Modeling of Neogene crustal block rotation: Case study of southeastern California: Tectonics, v. 15, p. 700-710, doi: 10.1029/95TC03687.
93. Schermer, E.R., Luyendyk, B.P., and Cisowski, S., 1996, Late Cenozoic structure and tectonics of the northern Mojave Desert: Tectonics, v. 15, p. 905-932, doi: 10.1029/96TC00131.
94. Schermer, E.R., Stephens, K.A., and Walker, J.D., 2001, Paleogeographic and tectonic implications of the geology of the Tiefort Mountains, northern Mojave Desert, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 920-938, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0920:PATIOT>2.0.CO;2.
95. Schweig, E.S., III, 1989, Basin-range tectonics in the Darwin Plateau, southwestern Great Basin, California: Geological Society of America, v. 101, p. 652-662, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0652:BRTITD>2.3.CO;2.
96. Smith, G.I., 1962, Large lateral displacement on Garlock fault, California, as measured from offset dike swarm: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 46, p. 85-104.
97. Stone, P.C., Dunne, G.C., Stevens, C.H., and Gulliver, R.M., 1989, Geologic Map of Paleozoic and Mesozoic Rocks in Parts of the Darwin and Adjacent Quadrangles, Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Map I-1932, 2 sheets, scale 1:31,250.
98. Stone, P.C., Dunne, G.C., Moore, J.G., and Smith, G.I., 2000, Geologic Map of the Lone Pine 15' quadrangle, Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Map I-2617, scale 1:62,500.
99. Stuart, J.E., 1976, Stratigraphy and Structure of Southeastern New York Butte Quadrangle, Inyo County, California [M.S. thesis]: San Jose, California State University, 171 p.
100. Tosdal, R., 1990, Constraints on the tectonics of the Mule Mountains thrust system, southeast California and southwest Arizona: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, p. 20,025-20,048.
101. Valentine, M.J., Brown, L.L., and Golombek, M.P., 1993, Cenozoic crustal rotations in the Mojave Desert from paleomagnetic studies around Barstow, California: Tectonics, v. 12, p. 666-677.
102. Wadsworth, W.B., Ferriz, H., and Rhodes, D.D., 1995, Structural and strati-graphic development of the Middle Jurassic magmatic arc in the Cowhole Mountains, central-eastern California, in Miller, D.M., and Busby, C., eds., Jurassic Magmatism and Tectonics of the North America Cordillera: Geological Society of America Special Paper 299, p. 327-349.
103. Wells, R.E., and Hillhouse, J.W., 1989, Paleomagnetism of the lower Miocene Peach Spring Tuff: Colorado Plateau, Arizona, to Barstow, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, p. 846-863, doi: 10.1130/ 0016-7606(1989)101<0846:PATROT>2.3.CO;2.
104. Werner, M., 1979, Superimposed Mesozoic Deformations, Southeastern Inyo Mountains, California [M.S. thesis]: Northridge, California State University, 69 p.
105. Wernicke, B., Axen, G.J., and Snow, J.K., 1988, Basin and Range extensional tectonics at the latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, no. 11, p. 1738-1757, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1988)100<1738:BARETA>2.3.CO;2.
106. Wolf, M.B., and Saleeby, J.B., 1992, Jurassic Cordilleran dike swarm-shear zones: Implications for the Nevadan orogeny and North American plate motion: Geology, v. 20, p. 745-748, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020 <0745:JCDSSZ>2.3.CO;2.
107. Zoback, M.L., and Zoback, M.D., 1980, State of stress in the conterminous United States: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 85, p. 6113-6156.