Astronomical dating in the 19th century

Earth-Science Reviews

Volumn 98, Issue 1-2, 2010, Pages 65-80

  Hilgen, Frederik J ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

astronomical dating; cyclostratigraphy; deductive reasoning; Milankovitch theory; orbital forcing; science history

Indexed keywords

ASTRONOMY; CYCLOSTRATIGRAPHY; DATING METHOD; NINETEENTH CENTURY; ORBITAL FORCING;

EID: 75149161831     PISSN: 00128252     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.10.004     Document Type: Review

References (140)

1. Abels H.A., Hilgen F.J., Krijgsman W., Kruk R.W., Raffi I., Turco E., and Zachariasse W.J. Long-period orbital control on middle Miocene global cooling: integrated stratigraphy and astronomical tuning of the Blue Clay Formation on Malta. Paleoceanography 20 (2005) PA4012 10.1029/2004PA001129
2. Adhémar J.A. Révolutions de la mer, déluges périodiques (1842), Private edition, Paris
3. Agassiz L. Études sur les glaciers (1840), Jent & Gassmann, Neuchâtel, Switzerland 346 pp.
4. Anonymous. Alpine tribute. The New York Times, frontpage, Nov. 27th (1852)
5. Arnold J.R., and Libby W.F. Age determinations by radiocarbon content: checks with samples of known age. Science 110 (1949) 678-680
6. Bakewell Jr. R. On the Falls of Niagara, and on the physical structure of the adjacent country. London's Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 (1830) 117-130
7. Bard E. Greenhouse effect and ice ages: historical perspective. C.R. Geoscience 336 (2004) 603-638
8. Barnes J.W., Lang E.J., and Potratz H.A. Ratio of ionium to uranium in coral limestone. Science 124 (1956) 175-176
9. Bayer A.A. Untersuchungen im Habkern-Mé1ange ("Wildflysch") zwischen Aar und Rhein. Mitt. geol. Inst. ETH Univ. Zürich. (1982) 240 pp
10. Beaufort L. Climatic importance of the modulation of the 100 kyr cycle inferred from 16 m.y. long Miocene records. Paleoceanography 9 (1994) 821-834
11. Berger A. Long-term variations of daily insolation and Quaternary climatic changes. J. Atmos. Sci. 35 (1978) 2362-2367
12. Berger A., Loutre M.F., and Laskar J. Stability of the astronomical frequencies over the Earth's history for paleoclimate studies. Science 255 (1992) 560-566
13. Berger A., Li X.S., and Loutre M.F. Modelling Northern Hemisphere ice volume over the last 3 Ma. Quat. Sci. Rev. 18 (1999) 1-11
14. Berger A., Melice J.L., and Loutre M.F. On the origin of the 100-kyr cycles in the astronomical forcing. Paleoceanography 20 (2005) PA4019 10.1029/2005PA001173
15. Blytt A. Essay on the Immigration of the Norwegian Flora during Alternating Rainy and Dry Periods (1876), Alb. Cammermeyer, Christiania, Oslo, Norway 89 pp.
16. Blytt, A., 1883. Ueber Wechsellagerung und deren mutmaasliche Beduetung fur die Zeitrechnung der Geologie and fur die Lehre von der Veranderung der Arten. Biologisches Centralblatt III 14-15: 418-434 and 449-461.
17. Blytt A. Ueber die wahrscheinliche Ursache der periodischen Veranderungen in der Starke der Meeresstromungen. Biol. Zent.bl. IV 2 (1884) 33-48
18. Blytt A. On the variations of climate in the course of time. Christiania Videnskabs-Selskabs Forhandlinger vol. 8 (1886) 24 pp.
19. Blytt A. The probable cause of the displacement of beach-lines. An attempt to compute geological epochs. Christiania Videnskabs-Selskabs Forhandlinger vol. 1 (1889) 93 pp.
20. Bretagnon P. Termes a longues periodes dans le systeme solaire. Astron. Astrophys. 30 (1974) 141-154
21. Burchfield J.D. Darwin and the dilemma of geological time. Isis 65 (1974) 300-321
22. Burchfield J.D. The age of the Earth and the invention of geological time. In: Blundell J.A., and Scott A.C. (Eds). Lyell: The Past is the Key to the Present. Geological Society, London, Special Publications vol. 143 (1998) 137-143
23. Croll J. On the physical cause of the change of the climate during geological epochs. Phila. Mag. 28 (1864) 121-137
24. Croll J. On the excentricity of the earth's orbit and its physical relations to the glacial epoch. Phila. Mag. Ser. 4 33 (1867) 119-131
25. Croll J. On the change in the obliquity of the ecliptic, its influence on the climate of the polar regions and on the level of the sea. Phila. Mag. 33 (1867) 426-445
26. Croll, J., 1868. On geological time, and the probable date of the glacial and upper Miocene period. Phil. Mag. ser. 4, 35: 363-384 and 36: 141-154; 362-386.
27. Croll J. Climate and time in their geological relations. A Theory of Secular Changes of the Earth's Climate (1875), Daldy, Isbister, & Co, London 577 pp.
28. Croll J. Discussions on Climate and Cosmology (1885), Adam & Charles Black, Edinburgh 327 pp.
29. Darwin C.R. The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. 6th edition (1872), John Murray, London with additions and corrections
30. Dau H. Allerunterthänigster Bericht an die Königliche Dänische Rentekammer über die Torfmoore Seelands nach einer im Herbste 1828 deshalb unternommenen Reise. Copenhagen and Leipzig (1829)
31. Dehant V., Loutre M.F., and Berger A. Potential impact of the northern hemisphere Quaternary ice sheets on the frequencies of the astroclimatic orbital parameters. J. Geophys. Res. 95 D6 (1990) 7573-7578
32. Dela Pierre F., Clari P., Cavagna S., and Bicchi E. The Parona chaotic complex: a puzzling record of the Messinian (Late Miocene) events in Monferrato (NW Italy). Sediment. Geol. 152 (2002) 289-311
33. Dela Pierre F., Festa A., and Irace A. Interaction of tectonic, sedimentary, and diapiric processes in the origin of chaotic sediments: an example from the Messinian of Torino Hill (Tertiary Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy). Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 119 (2007) 1107-1119
34. Dollfus G., and Vasseur G. Coupe géologique du chemin de fer de Méry-sur-Oise entre Valmondois et Bessancourt (Seine-et-Oise). Bull. Soc. Géol. France ser. III vol. VI (1878) 243-305
35. Eberl B. Die Eiszeitenfolge im nördlichen Alpenvorland (1930), Filser, Augsburg 427 pp.
36. Einstein A. Induction and deduction in physics. Berl. Tagebl. (1919) (December 25) [Translation by Alfred J. Engel. 2002. The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein: Volume 7. The Berlin Years: Writings, 1918-1921. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 221-236.]
37. Emiliani C. Pleistocene temperatures. J. Geol. 63 (1955) 538-578
38. Esmark J. Bidrag till vor Jordklodes Historie. Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne [Kristiania] 3: 28-49. English translation, 1827. Remarks tending to explain the geological history of the Earth. Edinburgh New Philos. J. 2 (1824) 107-121
39. Fischer A.G. Gilbert - bedding rhythms and geochronology. In: Yochelson E.L. (Ed). The Scientific Ideas of G.K. Gilbert. Geol. Soc. Am., Spec. Paper vol. 183 (1980) 93-104
40. Fisher T.G., Jol H.M., and Boudreau A.M. Saginaw Lobe tunnel channels (Laurentide Ice Sheet) and their significance in south-central Michigan, USA. Quat. Sci. Rev. 24 (2005) 2375-2391
41. Fleming J.R. Charles Lyell and climate change: speculation and certainty. In: Blundell D.J., and Scott A.C. (Eds). Lyell: the Past is the Key to the Present. Geological Society, London, Spec. Publ. vol. 143 (1998) 161-169
42. Fleming, J.R., 2005. James Croll in context: the encounter between climate dynamics and geology in the second half of the nineteenth century. In: A. Berger, M. Ercegovac, F. Mesinger (Editors), Milutin Milankovitch Anniversary Symposium: Paleoclimate and the Earth climate system. Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Scientific Meetings, vol. CX, Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Geosciences, book 4, 13-20 (also published in History of Meteorology 3: 43-54, 2006).
43. Flores G. Les résultats des études pour la recherche pétrolifère en Sicile: discussion. Proc. Fourth World Petroleum Congress: Rome, Casa Editrice Carlo Colombo, 1/A/2 (1955) 121-122
44. Forte A.M., and Mitrovica J.X. A resonance in the Earth's obliquity and precession over the past 20-Myr driven by mantle convection. Nature 390 (1997) 676-680
45. Gastaldi B. Frammenti di geologia del Piemonte: sugli elementi che compongono i conglomerati mioceni del Piemonte. Memorie della Reale accademia delle scienze di Torino, ser. 2 vol. 20 (1861) 50 pp.
46. Geikie A. On the phenomena of the glacial drift of scotland. Geol. Soc. Glasgow Trans. 1-2 (1863) 1-190
47. Geikie J. The Great Ice Age and its Relation to the Antiquity of Man (1874), D. Appleton and company, New York 545 pp
48. Geikie J. The Great Ice Age and its Relation to the Antiquity of Man (1894), Third edition, Edward Stanford (London) 850 pp
49. Gilbert, G.K., 1890. Lake Bonneville. USGS Monograph 1, 438 pp., 51 plates, 1 map.
50. Gilbert G.K. Sedimentary measurement of Cretaceous time. J. Geol. 3 (1895) 121-127
51. Gilbert G.K. Rhythms and geologic time. Presidential address. The Popular Science Monthly vol. LVII-23 (1900) 339-353
52. Gildor H., and Tziperman E. Sea ice as the glacial cycles' climate switch: role of seasonal and orbital forcing. Paleoceanography 15 (2000) 605-615
53. Hamlin C. James Geikie, James Croll and the eventful ice age. Annals of Science 39 (1982) 565-583
54. Harrison C.G.A., and Funnell B.M. Relationship of paleomagnetic reversals and micropaleontology in two late Cenozoic cores from the Pacific Ocean. Nature 204 (1964) 566
55. Hays J.D., Imbrie J., and Shackleton N.J. Variations in the Earth's orbit: pacemaker of the ice ages. Science 194 (1976) 1121-1132
56. Herschel J.W.F. On the astronomical causes which may influence geological phenomena. Geol. Soc. Trans. 3 (1835) 293-299 summaries in Geol. Soc. Proc. 1 (1830-1831), 244-245 and Phil. Mag., 2nd ser., 9 (1831): 136-138
57. Hilgen F.J. Recent progress in the standardization and calibration of the Cenozoic Time Scale. Newsl. Stratigr. 43 (2008) 15-22
58. Hilgen F.J., Lourens L.J., Berger A.L., and Loutre M.F. Evaluation of the astronomically calibrated time scale for the late Pliocene and earliest Pleistocene. Paleoceanography 8 (1993) 549-565
59. Hilgen F.J., Brinkhuis H., and Zachariasse W.J. Unit stratotypes for global stages: the Neogene perspective. Earth-Sci. Revs 74 (2006) 113-125
60. Hilgen F., Kuiper K., Krijgsman W., Snel E., and van der Laan E. Astronomical tuning as the basis for high resolution chronostratigraphy: the intricate history of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Stratigraphy 4 (2007) 231-238
61. Hinnov L.A. New perspectives on orbitally forced stratigraphy. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 28 (2000) 419-475
62. Holbourn A., Kuhnt W., Schulz M., and Erlenkeuser H. Impacts of orbital forcing and atmospheric carbon-dioxide on Miocene ice-sheet expansion. Nature 438 (2005) 483-487
63. House M.R. A new approach to an absolute timescale from measurements of orbital cycles and sedimentary microrhythms. Nature 316 (1985) 721-725
64. Howorth H.H. The glacial nightmare and the flood. A Second Appeal to Common Sense from the Extravagance of Some Recent Geology Vol. I and II (1893), Sampson Low, Marston and Comp, London 902 pp
65. Hsü K.J., and Briegel U. Geologie der Schweiz (1991), Birkhauser, Verlag 219 pp
66. Huybers P., and Wunsch C. Obliquity pacing of the late-pleistocene glacial cycles. Nature 434 (2005) 491-494
67. 18O record. In: Berger A. (Ed). Milankovitch and Climate (1984), D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass 269-305
68. Imbrie J., and Imbrie K.P. Ice Ages: Solving the Mystery (1979), Enslow, Short Hills, N.J 224 pp
69. Jacob J.M. The Washington Monument. A Technical History and Catalog of the Commemorative Stones (2005), National Park Service, Washington, D.C.
70. Jamieson T.F. On the history of the last geological changes in Scotland. Quarterly J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 21 (1865) 161-203
71. Jamieson T.F. On the cause of the depression and re-elevation of the land during the glacial period. Geol. Mag. 9 400-407 (1882) 457-466
72. Jeanbourquin P. Early deformation of Ultrahelvetic me1anges in the Helvetic nappes (Western Swiss Alps). J. Struct. Geol. 16 (1994) 1367-1383
73. Johnson D.W. Role of analysis in scientific investigation. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 44 (1933) 461-493
74. Kehew A.E., and Kozlowski A.L. Tunnel channels of the Saginaw Lobe, Michigan. USA. Spec. Paper Geol. Surv. Finland 46 (2007) 69-78
75. Kempf O., and Pfiffner O.A. Early Tertiary evolution of the North Alpine Foreland Basin of the Swiss Alps and adjoining areas. Basin Res. 16 (2004) 549-567
76. Köppen W., and Wegener A. Die Klimate der geologischen Vorzeit (1924), Bornträger, Berlin 256 pp
77. Krijgsman W., Hilgen F.J., Raffi I., Sierro F.J., and Wilson D.S. Chronology, causes and progression of the Messinian salinity crisis. Nature 400 (1999) 652-655
78. Kuiper K.F., Deino A., Hilgen F.J., Krijgsman W., Renne P.R., and Wijbrans J.R. Synchronizing rock clocks of Earth history. Science 320 (2008) 500-504
79. Kullenberg, B., 1947. The piston core sampler. Svensk Hydrografisk-Biologiska Komm. Skr. ser. 3, Hydrofrafi, v. 1, no. 2. (Kullenberg gravity piston corer).
80. Labhart, T., 2007. Stein des Monats. Eine versteckte exotische Schönheit. Wabern Post, 2.
81. Laskar J. Secular terms of classical planetary theories using the results of general theory. Astron. Astrophys. 157 (1986) 59-70
82. Laskar J. The chaotic motion of the solar system: a numerical estimate of the size of the chaotic zones. Icarus 88 (1990) 266-291
83. Laskar J. The limits of Earth orbital calculations for geological time-scale use. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A. 357 (1999) 1735-1759
84. Laskar J., Joutel F., and Boudin F. Orbital, precessional, and insolation quantities for the Earth from - 20 Myr to +10 Myr. Astron. Astrophys. 270 (1993) 522-533
85. Laskar J., Robutel P., Joutel F., Gastineau M., Correia A.C.M., and Levrard B. A long term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth. Astron. Astrophys. 428 (2004) 261-285
86. Lemoine M. About gravity gliding tectonics in the Western Alps. In: de Jong K.A., and Scholten R. (Eds). Gravity Tectonics (1973), John Wiley, New York 201-206
87. Locklair R., and Sageman B. Cyclostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Formation, Western Interior, U.S.A.: a Coniacian-Santonian orbital timescale. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 269 (2008) 539-552
88. Lourens L.J., and Hilgen F.J. Long periodic variations in the Earth's obliquity and their relation to third-order eustatic cycles and late Neogene glaciations. Quat. Int. 40 (1997) 43-52
89. Lourens L.J., Hilgen F.J., Zachariasse W.J., van Hoof A.A.M., Antonarakou A., and Vergnaud-Grazzini C. Evaluation of the Plio-Pleistocene astronomical time scale. Paleoceanography 11 (1996) 391-413
90. Lourens L.J., Wehausen R., and Brumsack H.J. Geological constraints on tidal dissipation and dynamical ellipticity of the Earth over the past 3 million years. Nature 409 (2001) 1029-1033
91. Lourens L.J., Hilgen F.J., Laskar J., Shackleton N.J., and Wilson D. The Neogene Period. In: Gradstein F.M., Ogg J.G., and Smith A.G. (Eds). A Geologic Time Scale 2004 (2004), Cambridge Univ. Press 409-440
92. Lourens L.J., Sluijs A., Kroon D., Zachos J.C., Thomas E., Röhl U., Bowles J., and Raffi I. Astronomical pacing of late Paleocene to early Eocene global warming events. Nature 435 (2005) 1083-1087
93. Lyell Ch. Principles of Geology. First Edition (1830-33), John Murray, London
94. Lyell Ch. Principles Geol. Tenth revised edition (1867-68), John Murray, London
95. Maclaren C. The glacial theory of Professor Agassiz of Neuchatel. Am. J. Sci. and Arts 42 (1842) 346-365
96. Maurer E. Der Schutz der Findlinge im Kanton Bern. Mitteilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern, Band 62 (2005) 135-159
97. Mayer-Eymar K. Tableau synchronique des formations tertiaires d'Europe. 3rd edition (1857), Zürich
98. Mayer-Eymar, K., 1858. Versuch einer neuen Klassifikation der Tertiär-Gebilde Europa's. Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, Jahresversammlung 1857, 70-71; 165-199.
99. Mayer-Eymar, K., 1884. Classifications des terrains tertiaires conforme à l'équivalence des périhélies et des étages. 4 p. imprimées (en dépôt à ETH Zürich, Geologisches Institut).
100. McGowran B. Biostratigraphy. Microfossils and geological time (2005), Cambridge University Press 459 pp
101. Miall A.D. Empiricism and model building in stratigraphy: the historical roots of present-day practices. Stratigraphy 1 (2004) 3-25
102. Miall A.D., and Miall C.E. Empiricism and model-building in stratigraphy: around the Hermeneutic circle in the pursuit of stratigraphic correlation. Stratigraphy 1 (2004) 27-46
103. Milankovitch M. Theorie mathematique des phenomenes thermiques produits par la radiation solaire (1920), Gauthier-Villars, Paris
104. Milankovitch, M., 1941. Kanon der Erdbestrahlung und seine Auswirkung auf das Eiszeitenproblem. Königlich Serbische Akademie, Belgrad, Edit. spec. 133, 633 pp.
105. Mitchell R.N., Bice D.M., Montanari A., Cleaveland L.C., Christianson K.T., Coccioni R., and Hinnov L.A. Oceanic anoxic cycles? Orbital prelude to the Bonarelli Level (OAE 2). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 267 (2008) 1-16
106. Monty C.I.V. d'Orbigny's concepts of stage and zone. J. Paleontol. 42 (1968) 689-701
107. Muller R.A., and MacDonald G.J. Glacial cycles and orbital inclination. Nature 377 (1995) 107-108
108. Murphy J.J. The glacial climate and the polar ice-cap. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. 32 (1876) 400-406
109. Ogniben L. Le Argille Scagliose del Crotonese. Mem. Note Ist. Geol. Appl. 6 (1955) 1-72 Napoli
110. Pälike H., and Shackleton N.J. Constraints on astronomical parameters from the geological record for the last 25 My. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 182 (2000) 1-14
111. Pälike H., Norris R.D., Herrle J.O., Wilson P.A., Coxall H.K., Lear C.H., Shackleton N.J., Tripati A.K., and Wade B.S. The heartbeat of the Oligocene climate system. Science 314 (2006) 1894-1898
112. Penck, A., 1938. Die Strahlungstheorie und die geologische Zeitrechnung. Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, 321-350.
113. Penck A., and Brückner E. Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter (1901-1909), Tauchnitz, Leipzig 1191pp. (3 volumes)
114. Pilgrim L. Versuch einer rechnerischen Behandlung des Eiszeitproblems. Jahresberichte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg, Stuttgart 60 (1904) 26-117
115. Quinn T.R., Tremaine S., and Duncan M. A three million year integration of the Earth's orbit. Astron. J. 101 (1991) 2287-2305
116. Rial J. On the origin of the long period sawtooth shape of the late Pleistocene paleoclimate records: the first derivative of the earth's orbital eccentricity. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 (1995) 1997-2000
117. Roveri M., Bassetti M.A., and Ricci Lucchi F. The mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis: an Apennine foredeep perspective. Sed. Geol. 140 (2001) 201-214
118. Ruddiman W.F. Earth's Climate: Past and Future (2001), W.H. Freeman and Sons, New York 465
119. Schmick, J.H., 1869. Die Umsetzungen der Meere und die Eiszeiten der Halbkugeln der Erde, ihre Ursachen und Perioden. J.H. Schmick - Köln: Verl. der DuMont-Schberg'schen Buchhandlung, 47 pp.
120. Schmick, J.H., 1871. Thatsachen und Beobachtungen zur weiteren Begründung seiner neuen Theorie einer Umsetzung der Meere durch die Sonnenanziehung und eines gleichzeitigen Wechsels der Eiszeiten auf beiden Halbkugeln der Erde. Zsgestellt von J.H. Schmick - Görlitz: Remer, 87 pp.
121. Schmalz K.L. Der Luegibodenstein (1986), Der berühmte Block auf dem Luegiboden, Separatdruck aus dem Jahrbuch vom Thuner- und Brienzersee 33 pp
122. Seibold E., and Seibold I. Milankovitch's Strahlenkurve und deren geologische Deutung - Anfänge in Deutschland. Int. J. Earth. Sci. 94 (2005) 495-503
123. Sengör A.M.C. The repeated rediscovery of melanges and its implications for the possibilityand the role of objective evidence in the scientific enterprise. Geol. Soc. Am., Spec. Paper 373 (2003) 385-445
124. Sernander R. On the evidence of postglacial changes of climate furnished by the peat-mosses of Northern Europe. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 30 (1908) 465-478
125. Shackleton N.J. The 100, 000-year ice-age cycle identified and found to lag temperature, carbon dioxide, and orbital eccentricity. Science 289 (2000) 1897-1902
126. Shackleton N.J., Hall M.A., Raffi I., Tauxe L., and Zachos J. Astronomical calibration age for the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Geology 28 (2000) 447-450
127. Sinclair H.D. Tectonostratigraphic model for undefilled peripheral foreland basins: an Alpine perspective. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 109 (1997) 324-346
128. Sissingh W. Tectonostratigraphy of the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin: correlation of Tertiary depositional cycles and orogenic phases. Tectonophysics 282 (1997) 223-256
129. Soergel W. Die Gliederung und absolute Zeitrechnung des Eiszeitalters. Fortschritte der Geologie und Paläontologie 13 (1925) 125-251
130. Steenstrup, J., 1842. Geognostisk-geologisk undersøgelse af Skovmoserne Vidnesdam- og Lillemose i det nordlige Sjælland, ledsaget af sammenlignende Bemærkninger, hentede fra Danmarks Skov-, Kjær- og Lyngmoser i Almindelighed. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter 9.
131. Taylor F.B. Moraines of recession and their significance in glacial theory. J. Geol. 5 (1897) 421-466
132. Thomson W. On the secular cooling of the earth. Phil. Mag., ser. 4 25 (1863) 1-14
133. Thomson W. The doctrine of uniformity in geology briefly refuted. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 5 (1865) 512-513
134. Thomson W. The age of the earth as an abode fitted for life. Science 9 (1899) 665-674
135. Tziperman E., Raymo M.E., Huybers P., and Wunsch C. Consequences of pacing the Pleistocene 100 kyr ice ages by nonlinear phase locking to Milankovitch forcing. Paleoceanography 21 (2006) PA4206 10.1029/2005PA001241
136. Varadi F., Bunnegar B., and Ghil M. Successive refinements in long-term integrations of planetary orbits. Astrophys. J. 592 (2003) 620-630
137. von Humboldt A. Cosmos vol. 4 (1852) translated into English by E.C. Otté and B.H. Paul, Henry G. Bohn, London, 384 pp
138. Wallace A.R. The measurement of geological time. Nature 1 399-401 (1870) 452-455
139. Wallace A.R. Glacial epochs and warm polar climates. Quart. Rev. 148 (1879) 119-135
140. Wallace W.L. Sociological Theory: an Introduction (1969), Aldine de Gruyter, New York