Influence of crank length and crank-axle height on standing arm-crank (grinding) power

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 42, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 381-387

  Neville, Vernon ^a   Pain, Matthew T G ^a   Kantor, Jonathan ^a   Folland, Jonathan P ^a  

^a LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

America's cup; Grinders; Hand cycle; Sailing; Upper body

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARM; ARTICLE; BODY POSTURE; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; ERGOMETRY; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTATION; MALE; MAN MACHINE INTERACTION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; SHIP; SPORT; TASK PERFORMANCE; TORQUE;

ADULT; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARM; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; ERGOMETRY; HUMANS; MALE; MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS; MUSCLE STRENGTH; POSTURE; SHIPS; SPORTS; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS; TORQUE;

EID: 75149158057     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: 15300315     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b46f3a     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Allen JB. Sports medicine injuries in the America's Cup 2000. NZ J Sports Med. 2005;33(2):43-47
2. Bouhlel E, Chelly MS, Tabka Z, Shephard R. Relationships between maximal anaerobic power of the arms and legs and javelin performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2007;47(2):141-146
3. Dorel S, Hautier CA, Rambaud O, et al. Torque and power-velocity relationships in cycling: relevance to track sprint performance in world-class cyclists. Int J Sports Med. 2005;26(9): 739-746
4. Gardner AS, Martin JC, Martin DT, Barras M, Jenkins DG. Maximal torque-and power-pedaling rate relationships for elite sprint cyclists in laboratory and field tests. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;101(3):287-292
5. Hamley EJ, Thomas V. Physiological and postural factors in the calibration of the bicycle ergometer. J Physiol. 1967;191(2):P55-P6.
6. Hubner-Wozniak E, Kosmol A, Lutoslawska G, Bem EZ. Anaerobic performance of arms and legs in male and female free style wrestlers. J Sci Med Sport. 2004;7(4):473-480
7. Jackson AS, Pollock ML. Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. Br J Nutr. 1978;40(3):497-504.
8. Jemni M, Sands WA, Friemel F, Stone MH, Cooke CB. Any effect of gymnastics training on upper-body and lower-body aerobic and power components in national and international male gymnasts? J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20(4):899-907.
9. Marfell-Jones M, Olds T, Stewart A, Carter L. International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment. Potchefstroom (South Africa): ISAK; 2006. p. 32-89.
10. Martin JC, Spirduso WW. Determinants of maximal cycling power: crank length, pedaling rate and pedal speed. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001;84(5):413-418
11. Mercier B, Granier P, Mercier J, Trouquet J, Prefaut C. Anaerobic and aerobic components during arm-crank exercise in sprint and middle-distance swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1993;66(5):461-466
12. Neville V. America's Cup yacht racing is not just about the boat. Sport Exerc Sci. 2008;(15):26-27
13. Neville V. The physiological demands of America's Cup yacht racing [dissertation]. Loughborough (UK): Loughborough University, School of Sports and Exercise Sciences; 2008. p. 67-71.
14. Neville V, Folland JP. The epidemiology and aetiology of injuries in sailing. Sports Med. 2009;39(2):129-145
15. Neville V, Pain MT, Folland JP. Aerobic power and peak power of elite America's Cup sailors. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;106: 149-157
16. Neville VJ, Molloy J, Brooks JH, Speedy DB, Atkinson G. Epidemiology of injuries and illnesses in America's Cup yacht racing. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40(4):304-11; discussion 311-312
17. Pearson S, Hume P, Slyfield D, Cronin J. External work and peak power are reliable measures of ergometer grinding performance when tested under load, deck heel, and grinding direction conditions. Sports Biomech. 2007;6(1):71-80.
18. Siri WE. Body composition from fluid space and density. In: Brozek J, Hanschel A, editors. Techniques for Measuring Body Composition. Washington (DC): National Academy of Science; 1961. p. 223-244
19. Smith PM, Price MJ, Davison RC, Scott D, Balmer J. Reproduc-ibility of power production during sprint arm ergometry. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(4):1315-1319
20. Smith PM, Chapman ML, Hazlehurst KE, Goss-Sampson MA. The influence of crank pattern on muscle activity and torque production during arm crank ergometry. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2008;18:598-605.
21. Too D, Landwer GE. The effect of pedal crank arm length on joint angle and power production in upright cycle ergometry. J Sports Sci. 2000;18(3):153-161
22. Vandewalle H, Peres G, Sourabie B, Stouvenel O, Monod H. Force-velocity relationship and maximal anaerobic power during cranking exercise in young swimmers. Int J Sports Med. 1989; 10(6):439-445
23. Whiting P. The 32nd America's Cup: A Simple Guide. Chichester (England): Wiley; 2007. p. 72.