메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 328-333

The causal relationship between passive smoking and inflammation on the development of cardiovascular disease: A review of the evidence

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; CRP; Inflammation; Passive smoking; Vascular dysfunction

Indexed keywords

ACROLEIN; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARCINOGEN; CHEMICAL AGENT; FIBRINOGEN; HOMOCYSTEINE; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 4; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; TOXIN;

EID: 74849118823     PISSN: 18715281     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1871528110908050328     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (42)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 63849097233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory strategies for homocysteine-related cardiovascular disease
    • Lin, C.P.; Chen, Y.H.; Leu, H.B.; Lin, S.J.; Chen, Y.L.; Huang, S.L.; Chen, J.W. Anti-inflammatory strategies for homocysteine-related cardiovascular disease. Front Biosci., 2009, 14, 3836-45.
    • (2009) Front Biosci , vol.14 , pp. 3836-3845
    • Lin, C.P.1    Chen, Y.H.2    Leu, H.B.3    Lin, S.J.4    Chen, Y.L.5    Huang, S.L.6    Chen, J.W.7
  • 3
    • 0033789350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and long-term coronary heart disease mortality in the Seven Countries study: Implications for clinical practice and public health
    • Van den Hoogen, P.C.; Seidell, J.C.; Menotti, A.; Kromhout, D. Blood pressure and long-term coronary heart disease mortality in the Seven Countries study: implications for clinical practice and public health. Eur. Heart J., 2000, 21, 1639-42.
    • (2000) Eur. Heart J , vol.21 , pp. 1639-1642
    • Van den Hoogen, P.C.1    Seidell, J.C.2    Menotti, A.3    Kromhout, D.4
  • 5
    • 0345148801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jacobs, D.; Adachi, H.; Mulder, I.; Kromhout, D.; Menotti, A.; Nissinen, A.; Blackburn, H.; for the Seven Countries Study Group. Cigarette smoking and mortality risk. 25 year follow up of the Seven Countries Study. Arch. Intern. Med., 1999, 159, 733-40
    • Jacobs, D.; Adachi, H.; Mulder, I.; Kromhout, D.; Menotti, A.; Nissinen, A.; Blackburn, H.; for the Seven Countries Study Group. Cigarette smoking and mortality risk. 25 year follow up of the Seven Countries Study. Arch. Intern. Med., 1999, 159, 733-40
  • 7
    • 32144459952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondhand smoke as an acute threat for the cardiovascular system: A change in paradigm
    • Raupach, T.; Schäfer, K.; Konstantinides, S.; Andreas, S. Secondhand smoke as an acute threat for the cardiovascular system: a change in paradigm. Eur. Heart J., 2006, 27, 386-92.
    • (2006) Eur. Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 386-392
    • Raupach, T.1    Schäfer, K.2    Konstantinides, S.3    Andreas, S.4
  • 8
    • 42049109589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to passive smoking: A test to predict endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic lesions
    • Leone, A.; Balbarini, A. Exposure to passive smoking: a test to predict endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic lesions. Angiology, 2008, 59, 220-3.
    • (2008) Angiology , vol.59 , pp. 220-223
    • Leone, A.1    Balbarini, A.2
  • 9
    • 19644372377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular effects of secondhand smoke. Nearly as large as smoking
    • Barnoya, J.; Glantz, S. Cardiovascular effects of secondhand smoke. Nearly as large as smoking. Circulation, 2005, 111, 2684-98.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 2684-2698
    • Barnoya, J.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 10
    • 0033374555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic studies of fatal and non fatal cardiovascular disease and ETS exposure from spousal smoking
    • Thun, M.; Henley, J.; Appicella, L. Epidemiologic studies of fatal and non fatal cardiovascular disease and ETS exposure from spousal smoking. Environ. Health perspect., 1999, 107(suppl), 841-846.
    • (1999) Environ. Health perspect , vol.107 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 841-846
    • Thun, M.1    Henley, J.2    Appicella, L.3
  • 11
    • 3542990935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive smoking and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: Prospective study with cotinine measurement
    • Whincup, P.H.; Gilg, J.A.; Emberson, J.R.; Jarvis, M.J.; Feyerabend, C.; Bryant, A.; Walker, M.; Cook, D.G. Passive smoking and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: prospective study with cotinine measurement. BMJ, 2004, 329, 200-5.
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.329 , pp. 200-205
    • Whincup, P.H.1    Gilg, J.A.2    Emberson, J.R.3    Jarvis, M.J.4    Feyerabend, C.5    Bryant, A.6    Walker, M.7    Cook, D.G.8
  • 12
    • 33847298505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to Secondhand smoke and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in never smoking adults
    • Venn, A.; Briton, J. Exposure to Secondhand smoke and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in never smoking adults. Circulation, 2007, 115, 990-5.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 990-995
    • Venn, A.1    Briton, J.2
  • 15
    • 0036725313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and the development of acute coronary syndromes: The CARDIO2000 case-control study
    • Pitsavos, C.; Panagiotakos, D.B.; Chrysohoou, C.; Skoumas, J.; Tzioumis, K.; Stefanadis, C.; Toutouzas, P. Association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and the development of acute coronary syndromes: the CARDIO2000 case-control study. Tob. Control., 2002, 11, 220-5.
    • (2002) Tob. Control , vol.11 , pp. 220-225
    • Pitsavos, C.1    Panagiotakos, D.B.2    Chrysohoou, C.3    Skoumas, J.4    Tzioumis, K.5    Stefanadis, C.6    Toutouzas, P.7
  • 16
    • 33750311438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Report on tobacco smoke and child health:, WHO: Geneva, Switzerland
    • WHO Report on tobacco smoke and child health: consultation report. WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 1999.
    • (1999) consultation report
  • 18
    • 28744453551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Philip Morris toxicological experiments with fresh sidestream smoke: More toxic than mainstream smoke
    • Schick, S.; Glantz, S. Philip Morris toxicological experiments with fresh sidestream smoke: more toxic than mainstream smoke. Tob. Control., 2005, 14, 396-404.
    • (2005) Tob. Control , vol.14 , pp. 396-404
    • Schick, S.1    Glantz, S.2
  • 19
    • 85036787872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, G.A: US Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center of Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Office on Smoking and Health, 2006. Available at http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/report/ index.html
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, G.A: US Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center of Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Office on Smoking and Health, 2006. Available at http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/report/ index.html
  • 20
    • 0027247805 scopus 로고
    • Oxidants in cigarette smoke. Radicals, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrate and peroxynitrate
    • Pryor, W.A.; Stone, K. Oxidants in cigarette smoke. Radicals, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrate and peroxynitrate. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci., 1993, 686, 12-27.
    • (1993) Ann. N Y Acad. Sci , vol.686 , pp. 12-27
    • Pryor, W.A.1    Stone, K.2
  • 21
    • 4043062803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of cigarette smoke on inflammation and oxidative stress: A review
    • Van der Vaart, H.; Postma, D.S.; Timens, W.; Ten Haccken, N.H.T. Acute effects of cigarette smoke on inflammation and oxidative stress: a review. Thorax, 2004, 59, 713-21.
    • (2004) Thorax , vol.59 , pp. 713-721
    • Van der Vaart, H.1    Postma, D.S.2    Timens, W.3    Ten Haccken, N.H.T.4
  • 22
    • 0029987050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking potentiates endothelial dysfunction of forearm resistance vessels in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Role of oxidized LDL
    • Heitzer, T.; Ylä-Herttuala, S.; Luoma, J.; Kurz, S.; Münzel, T.; Just, H.; Olschewski, M.; Drexler, H. Cigarette smoking potentiates endothelial dysfunction of forearm resistance vessels in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Role of oxidized LDL. Circulation, 1996, 93, 1346-53.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.93 , pp. 1346-1353
    • Heitzer, T.1    Ylä-Herttuala, S.2    Luoma, J.3    Kurz, S.4    Münzel, T.5    Just, H.6    Olschewski, M.7    Drexler, H.8
  • 24
    • 2442547743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: An update
    • Ambrose, J.A.; Barua, R.S. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2004, 43, 1731-7.
    • (2004) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.43 , pp. 1731-1737
    • Ambrose, J.A.1    Barua, R.S.2
  • 26
    • 56649083647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking and smoking cessation-the relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism: A review
    • Chelland Campbell, S.C.; Moffatt, R.J; Stamford B. Smoking and smoking cessation-the relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism: a review. Atherosclerosis, 2008, 201, 225-35.
    • (2008) Atherosclerosis , vol.201 , pp. 225-235
    • Chelland Campbell, S.C.1    Moffatt, R.J.2    Stamford, B.3
  • 27
    • 0032572719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased lesion formation in CCR2-/- mice reveals a role for chemokines in the initiation of atherosclerosis
    • Boring, L.; Gosling, J.; Cleary, M.; Charo, I.F. Decreased lesion formation in CCR2-/- mice reveals a role for chemokines in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Nature, 1998, 394, 894-7.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 894-897
    • Boring, L.1    Gosling, J.2    Cleary, M.3    Charo, I.F.4
  • 28
    • 0036790414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Side-stream cigarette smoke induces dose-response in systemic inflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress
    • Zhang, J.; Liu, Y.; Shi, J.; Larson, D.F.; Watson, R.R. Side-stream cigarette smoke induces dose-response in systemic inflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress. Exp. Biol. Med., 2002, 227, 823-9.
    • (2002) Exp. Biol. Med , vol.227 , pp. 823-829
    • Zhang, J.1    Liu, Y.2    Shi, J.3    Larson, D.F.4    Watson, R.R.5
  • 29
    • 0033600543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased proinflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic stable angina and their reduction by aspirin
    • Ikonomidis, I.; Andreotti, F.; Economou, E.; Stefanadis, C.; Toutouzas, P.; Nihoyannopoulos, P. Increased proinflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic stable angina and their reduction by aspirin. Circulation, 1999, 100, 793-8.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 793-798
    • Ikonomidis, I.1    Andreotti, F.2    Economou, E.3    Stefanadis, C.4    Toutouzas, P.5    Nihoyannopoulos, P.6
  • 32
    • 39049101495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in the acute effects of secondhand smoke on thyroid hormone secretion, inflammatory markers and vascular function
    • Flouris, A.D.; Metsios, G.S.; Jamurtas, A.Z.; Koutedakis, Y. Sexual dimorphism in the acute effects of secondhand smoke on thyroid hormone secretion, inflammatory markers and vascular function. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2008, 294, E456-462.
    • (2008) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab , vol.294
    • Flouris, A.D.1    Metsios, G.S.2    Jamurtas, A.Z.3    Koutedakis, Y.4
  • 33
    • 8344256426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokines: Key regulators of mononuclear cell recruitment in atherosclerotic vascular disease
    • Weber, C.; Schober, A.; Zernecke, A. Chemokines: key regulators of mononuclear cell recruitment in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2004, 24, 1997-2008.
    • (2004) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol , vol.24 , pp. 1997-2008
    • Weber, C.1    Schober, A.2    Zernecke, A.3
  • 34
    • 21744454130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoke metal-catalyzed protein oxidation leads to vascular endothelial cell contraction by depolymerization of microtubules
    • Bernhard, D.; Csordas, A.; Henderson, B.; Rossmann, A.; Kind, M.; Wick, G. Cigarette smoke metal-catalyzed protein oxidation leads to vascular endothelial cell contraction by depolymerization of microtubules. FASEB J., 2005, 19, 1096-107.
    • (2005) FASEB J , vol.19 , pp. 1096-1107
    • Bernhard, D.1    Csordas, A.2    Henderson, B.3    Rossmann, A.4    Kind, M.5    Wick, G.6
  • 35
    • 0027057374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Van Hinsbergh, V.W. Arteriosclerosis. Impairment of cellular interactions in the arterial wall. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1992, 673, 321-30.
    • Van Hinsbergh, V.W. Arteriosclerosis. Impairment of cellular interactions in the arterial wall. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1992, 673, 321-30.
  • 36
    • 0036140664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD40-CD40L interactions in atherosclerosis
    • Lutgens, E.; Daemen, M.J. CD40-CD40L interactions in atherosclerosis. Trends Cardiovasc. Med., 2002, 12, 27-32.
    • (2002) Trends Cardiovasc. Med , vol.12 , pp. 27-32
    • Lutgens, E.1    Daemen, M.J.2
  • 39
    • 0035705616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide and atherosclerosis
    • Napoli, C.; Ignarro, L.J. Nitric oxide and atherosclerosis. Nitric Oxide, 2001, 5, 88-97.
    • (2001) Nitric Oxide , vol.5 , pp. 88-97
    • Napoli, C.1    Ignarro, L.J.2
  • 40
    • 2942541144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable compounds of cigarette smoke induce endothelial superoxide anion production via NADPH oxidase activation
    • Jaimes, E.A.; DeMaster, E.G.; Tian, R.X.; Raij, L. Stable compounds of cigarette smoke induce endothelial superoxide anion production via NADPH oxidase activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc. Biol., 2004, 24, 1031-6.
    • (2004) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc. Biol , vol.24 , pp. 1031-1036
    • Jaimes, E.A.1    DeMaster, E.G.2    Tian, R.X.3    Raij, L.4
  • 41
    • 0034677947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NAD(P)H oxidase: Role in cardiovascular biology and disease
    • Griendling, K.K.; Sorescu, D.; Ushio-Fukai, M. NAD(P)H oxidase: role in cardiovascular biology and disease. Circ. Res., 2000, 86, 494-501.
    • (2000) Circ. Res , vol.86 , pp. 494-501
    • Griendling, K.K.1    Sorescu, D.2    Ushio-Fukai, M.3
  • 42
    • 33244473082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of toxic carbonyl compounds in cigarette smoke
    • Fujioka, K.; Shibamoto, T. Determination of toxic carbonyl compounds in cigarette smoke. Environ. Toxicol., 2006, 21, 47-54.
    • (2006) Environ. Toxicol , vol.21 , pp. 47-54
    • Fujioka, K.1    Shibamoto, T.2
  • 43
    • 42549159857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acrolein induces inflammatory response underlying endothelial dysfunction. A risk factor for Atherosclerosis
    • Park, Y.S; Taniguchi, N. Acrolein induces inflammatory response underlying endothelial dysfunction. A risk factor for Atherosclerosis. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 2008, 1126, 185-9.
    • (2008) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci , vol.1126 , pp. 185-189
    • Park, Y.S.1    Taniguchi, N.2
  • 45
    • 33745440031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: Lines that connect
    • Pope, C.A. III; Dockery, D.W. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 2006, 56, 709-742.
    • (2006) J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc , vol.56 , pp. 709-742
    • Pope III, C.A.1    Dockery, D.W.2
  • 49
    • 0036090575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of coronary thrombosis: Role of plaque rupture and plaque erosion
    • Shah, P.K. Pathophysiology of coronary thrombosis: role of plaque rupture and plaque erosion. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2002, 44, 357-68.
    • (2002) Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis , vol.44 , pp. 357-368
    • Shah, P.K.1
  • 50
    • 0028240452 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the relative thrombogenicity of atherosclerotic plaque components: Implications for consequences of plaque rupture
    • Fernández-Ortiz, A.; Badimon, J.J.; Falk, E.; Fuster, V.; Meyer, B.; Mailhac, A.; Weng, D.; Shah, P.K.; Badimon, L. Characterization of the relative thrombogenicity of atherosclerotic plaque components: implications for consequences of plaque rupture. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 1994, 23, 1562-9.
    • (1994) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.23 , pp. 1562-1569
    • Fernández-Ortiz, A.1    Badimon, J.J.2    Falk, E.3    Fuster, V.4    Meyer, B.5    Mailhac, A.6    Weng, D.7    Shah, P.K.8    Badimon, L.9
  • 51
    • 0346096806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke extracts and nicotine in the activation of platelets under static and flow conditions
    • Rubenstein, D.; Jesty, J.; Bluestein, D. Differences between mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke extracts and nicotine in the activation of platelets under static and flow conditions. Circulation, 2004, 109, 78-83.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 78-83
    • Rubenstein, D.1    Jesty, J.2    Bluestein, D.3
  • 52
    • 0024589437 scopus 로고
    • J. passive smoking affects endothelium and platelets
    • Davis, J.W.; Shelton, L.; Watanabe, I.S.; Arnold, J. passive smoking affects endothelium and platelets. Arch. Intern. Med., 1989, 149, 386-9.
    • (1989) Arch. Intern. Med , vol.149 , pp. 386-389
    • Davis, J.W.1    Shelton, L.2    Watanabe, I.S.3    Arnold4
  • 53
    • 42249102616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platelet-vessel wall interactions in atherosclerotic disease
    • Langer, H.F.; Gawaz, M. Platelet-vessel wall interactions in atherosclerotic disease. Thromb. Haemost., 2008, 99, 480-6.
    • (2008) Thromb. Haemost , vol.99 , pp. 480-486
    • Langer, H.F.1    Gawaz, M.2
  • 54
    • 0030796146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and ischemic heart disease: An evaluation of the evidence
    • Law, M.R.; Morris, J.K.; Wald, N.J. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and ischemic heart disease: an evaluation of the evidence. BMJ, 1997, 315, 973-80.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.315 , pp. 973-980
    • Law, M.R.1    Morris, J.K.2    Wald, N.J.3
  • 56
    • 0037180771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation in atherosclerosis
    • Libby, P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature, 2002, 420, 868-74.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 868-874
    • Libby, P.1
  • 57
    • 0037078969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events
    • Ridker, P.M.; Rifai, N.; Rose, L.; Buring, J.E.; Cook, N.R. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N. Engl. J. Med., 2002, 347, 1557-65.
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.347 , pp. 1557-1565
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Rifai, N.2    Rose, L.3    Buring, J.E.4    Cook, N.R.5
  • 58
    • 0035963529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study Investigators. Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events
    • Ridker, P.M.; Rifai, N.; Clearfield, M.; Downs, J.R.; Weis, S.E.; Miles, J.S.; Gotto, A.M. Jr; Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study Investigators. Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. N. Engl. J. Med., 2001, 344, 1959-65.
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.344 , pp. 1959-1965
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Rifai, N.2    Clearfield, M.3    Downs, J.R.4    Weis, S.E.5    Miles, J.S.6    Gotto Jr, A.M.7
  • 59
    • 0037164375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: Evidence on causality from a meta-analysis
    • Wald, D.S.; Law, M.; Morris, J.K. Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: evidence on causality from a meta-analysis. BMJ, 2002, 325, 1202.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.325 , pp. 1202
    • Wald, D.S.1    Law, M.2    Morris, J.K.3
  • 62
    • 33749492210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term effects of Italian smoking regulation on rates of hospital admission for acute myocardial infarction
    • Barone-Adesi, F.; Vizzini, L.; Merletti, F.; Richiardi, L. Short-term effects of Italian smoking regulation on rates of hospital admission for acute myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart J., 2006, 27, 2468-72.
    • (2006) Eur. Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 2468-2472
    • Barone-Adesi, F.1    Vizzini, L.2    Merletti, F.3    Richiardi, L.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.