Quantifying police officers' arrest and self-defence skills: Does performance decrease under pressure?

Ergonomics

Volumn 52, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 1460-1468

  Nieuwenhuys, Arne ^a   Caljouw, Simone R ^b   Leijsen, Maaike R ^a   Schmeits, Bart A J ^a   Oudejans, Raôul R D ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Choking; Measurement scale; Practical skills execution

Indexed keywords

MEASUREMENT SCALE; POLICE OFFICERS; PRACTICAL SKILL; PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS; SELF-DEFENCE; TRAINING PROCEDURES;

EXPERIMENTS;

LAW ENFORCEMENT;

ADULT; AGGRESSION; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEARNING; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; MIDDLE AGED; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; PERSONALITY TEST; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; POLICE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REPRODUCIBILITY; STATISTICS; VIOLENCE;

ADULT; AGGRESSION; ANXIETY; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTOR SKILLS; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; POLICE; PRACTICE (PSYCHOLOGY); PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; VIOLENCE;

EID: 74849114383     PISSN: 00140139     EISSN: 13665847     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00140130903287981     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Anderson, S., Litzenberger, R., and Plecas, D.B., 2002. Physical evidence of police officer stress. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25,399-420.
2. Bakker, F.C., Vanden Auweele, Y., and van Mele, V., 2003. Handleiding bij de Competitie-Belevings-Vragenlijst (CBV) en Vragenlijst Beleving voor een Sportwedstrijd (VBS). [Manual for the Dutch version of the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) and the Dutch version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2)]. Leuven, Belgium: Acco.
3. Baumeister, R.F., 1984. Choking under pressure: Self-consciousness and paradoxical effects on incentives on skilful performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 610-620.
4. Brashear, A., et al., 2002. Inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Ashworth Scale and the Disability Assessment Scale in patients with upper-limb poststroke spasticity. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83, 1349-1354.
5. Cicchetti, D.V. and Fleiss, J.L., 1977. Comparison of the null distribution of weighted Kappa and the C ordinal statistic. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 195-201.
6. Cohen, J., 1988. Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences, 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
7. Eysenck, M.W., et al., 2007. Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory. Emotion, 7, 336-353.
8. Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M.F., and Buss, A.H., 1975. Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 522-527.
9. Houtman, I.L.D. and Bakker, F.C., 1989. The anxiety thermometer: a validation study. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53, 575-582.
10. Houtman, I.L.D. and Schinkelshoek, D., 1988. Toetsen van praktische vaardigheden: Handleiding voor docenten die opleiden voor medische en paramedische beroepen. [Examination of practical skills: Manual for teachers working in medical and paramedical professions]. Almere: Versluys.
11. Manser, T., et al., 2007. Comparison of anaesthetists' activity patterns in the operating room during simulation. Ergonomics, 50, 246-260.
12. Martens, R., Vealey, R.S., and Burton, D., eds. 1990. Competitive anxiety in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
13. Masters, R.S.W., 1992. Knowledge, knerves, and know-how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure. British Journal of Psychology, 83, 343-385.
14. Morrison, G.B. and Vila, B.J., 1998. Police handgun qualification: Practical measures or aimless activity? Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 21, 510-533.
15. Murray, K.R., 2004. Training at the speed of life, Vol 1: The definitive textbook for police and military reality based training. Gotha, FL: Armiger Publications.
16. Naeye, J., Timmer, J.S., and Beijers, G., 2001. Politiële geweldrapportage 1998-2000. [Police Violence Reports 1998-2000]. Amsterdam: Centrum voor Politie-wetenschappen.
17. Nieuwenhuys, A. and Oudejans, R.R.D., in press. Effects of anxiety on handgun shooting behavior of police officers: A pilot study. Anxiety, Stress & Coping. First published online 22 May 2009. DOI: 10.1080/10615800902977494.
18. Nieuwenhuys, A., et al., 2008. The influence of anxiety on visual attention in climbing. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30, 171-185.
19. O'Brien, K.S. and O'Hare, D., 2007. Situational awareness ability and cognitive skills training in a complex real- world task. Ergonomics, 50, 1064-1091.
20. Oudejans, R.R.D., 2008. Reality based practice under pressure improves handgun shooting performance of police officers. Ergonomics, 51, 261-273.
21. Oudejans, R.R.D. and Nieuwenhuys, A., 2009. Perceiving and moving in sports and other high-pressure contexts. In: M. Raab, J.G. Johnson, and H.R. Heekeren, eds. Mind and motion: The bidirectional link between thought and action - Progress in Brain Research, vol. 174. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 35-48.
22. Oudejans, R.R.D. and Pijpers, J.R., 2009. Training with anxiety has a positive effect on expert perceptual-motor performance under pressure. Quarterly Journal of Exsperimental Psychology, 62, 1631-1647.
23. Oudejans, R.R.D. and Pijpers, J.R., in press. Training with mild anxiety may prevent choking under higher levels of anxiety. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. First pub- lished online 6 June 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2009. 05.002.
24. Rooney, N.J., et al., 2007. Validation of a method for assessing the ability of trainee specialist search dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 103, 90-104.
25. Smith, D.L., Manning, T.S., and Petruzzello, S.J., 2001. Effect of strenuous live-fire drills on cardiovascular and psychological responses of recruit firefighters. Ergonomics, 44, 244-254.
26. Spielberger, C.D., Gorsuch, R.L., and Lushene, R.E., 1970. STAI manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
27. Thomas, J.R. and Nelson, J.K., 2001. Research methods in physical activity (4th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
28. van der Ploeg, H.M., Defares, P.B., and Spielberger, C.D., 1979. Zelfbeoordelingsvragenlijst STAI - versie DY-2. [State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (form Y)]. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
29. van der Ploeg, H.M., Defares, P.B., and Spielberger, C.D., 1980. Handleiding bij de Zelf-Beoordelings Vragenlijst ZBV. Een Nederlandstalige bewerking van de Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [Manual for the Dutch version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory]. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
30. van Rossum, J.H.A. and Gagne, F., 1994. Ranking of predictors of athletic performance by top level coaches. European Journal for High Ability, 5, 68-78.
31. Veltman, J.A. and Gaillard, A.W.K., 1996. Physiological indices of workload in a simulated flight task. Biological Psychology, 42, 323-342.
32. Vickers, J.N. and Williams, A.M., 2007. Performing under pressure: The effects of physiological arousal, cognitive anxiety, and gaze control in biathlon. Journal of Motor Behavior, 39, 381-394.
33. Wilson, M., Smith, N.C., and Holmes, P.S., 2007. The role of effort in influencing the effect of anxiety on performance: testing the conflicting predictions of processing efficiency theory and the conscious processing hypothesis. British Journal of Psychology, 98, 411-428.
34. Zijlstra, F.R.H., 1993. Efficiency in work behaviour: A design approach for modern tools. Delft: Delft University Press.