1918 Influenza: A Winnebago County, Wisconsin perspective

Clinical Medicine and Research

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 147-156

  Shors, Teri ^a   McFadden, Susan H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN OSHKOSH   (United States)

Author keywords

Influenza; Mortality; Pandemic; Spanish flu

Indexed keywords

ACETANILIDE; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; CAMPHOR; COCAINE; CODEINE SULFATE; DIAMORPHINE; MORPHINE SULFATE; OPIATE; PAREGORIC; PEPPERMINT OIL; PHENACETIN; PHENOL DERIVATIVE; PINE EXTRACT; PLANT EXTRACT; QUININE; SALOL; TERPIN HYDRATE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; COUGHING; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH PRACTITIONER; HUMAN; INFLUENZA; MEDICAL INFORMATION; MORTALITY; REVIEW; UNITED STATES;

DISEASE OUTBREAKS; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; WISCONSIN;

EID: 74749105866     PISSN: 15394182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2009.863     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Burg S. The Spanish Flu, 1918. Wisconsin Magazine of History; State Historical Society of Wisconsin 2000; Autumn:36-56.
2. Crosby A. America's forgotten pandemic. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 1989.
3. Reid AH, Taubenberger JK,. Fanning TG. The 1918 Spanish influenza: integrating history and biology. Microbes Infect 2001;3:81-87.
4. Mamelund SE. Spanish influenza mortality of ethnic minorities in Norway 1918-1919. Eur J Pop 2003;19:83-102.
5. Taubenberger J, Morens D. The 1918 Influenza: the mother of all pandemics. Emerg Infect Dis 2006;12:15-22.
6. Webster R, Bean W, Chambers T, Kawaoka Y. Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiol Rev 1992;56:152-179.
7. Johnson NP, Mueller J. Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920 "Spanish" Influenza pandemic. Bull Hist Med 2002;76:105-115.
8. Shors T, McFadden SH. Facilitated learning through interdisciplinary undergraduate research involving retrospective epidemiological studies and memories of older adults. CUR Quarterly 2009;30:36-41.
9. Konrad's Oshkosh City Directory including Omro and Winneconne. Milwaukee, WI: Wright Directory Co. Publishers; 1919.
10. Wisconsin Blue Book. Wisconsin Historical Society. Madison, WI: Democratic Printing Board; 1903. Available at: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/ 1711.dl/WI.WIBlueBks.
11. State Board of Health Telegram from C. A. Harper. 1918. Records of the Wisconsin Board of Health: Eau Claire Research Center; Eau Claire, WI.
12. Report of the Wisconsin State Board of Health. 1918-1920. 57-58. Records of the Homestead Co.; Madison, WI.
13. Influenza has appeared here. City will fight to control it. The Daily Northwestern. Oshkosh, WI. October 5, 1918:3.
14. Views of doctors on how to handle Grip don't agree. The Daily Northwestern. Oshkosh, WI. Evening, October 8, 1918:10.
15. Shortage in flowers. The Daily Northwestern. Oshkosh, WI. October 10, 1918:3.
16. To close schools to guard against spread of germs of the Influenza, The Daily Northwestern, October 8, 1918:3.
17. Sweeping Order Closes Places of Public Sort to Check Germs, The Daily Northwestern, October 9, 1918:3.
18. Rev. AL Bastian, Rev. JC Hogan, Rev. AS Krause, Rev. MJ Schmitz, Rev. JA Selbach, Rev. MH Clifford. Announcement: To the Catholics of Oshkosh. The Daily Northwestern. Oshkosh, WI. Evening, October 12, 1918:3.
19. Mayor is visited to ask for close of the saloons. The Daily Northwestern. Oshkosh, WI. Evening, October 12, 1918:3.
20. "Flu" masks ready to check epidemic. The Daily Northwestern. Oshkosh, WI. October 12, 1918:1.
21. Hospital Nearly Ready. The Daily Northwestern, October 11, 1918:4.
22. Now Has Patients. The Daily Northwestern, October 14, 1918:7.
23. Vaccine on hand to prevent "Flu." The Daily Northwestern. Oshkosh, WI. October 22, 1918:3.
24. Eyler JM. The fog of research: influenza vaccine trials during the 1918-19 pandemic. J Hist Med Allied Sci 2009;64:401-428.
25. Closing ban to be lifted next Monday in this city. The Daily Northwestern. Oshkosh, WI. November 2, 1918:3.
26. Influenza lid lifted Friday The Daily Northwestern. Oshkosh, WI. November 7, 1918:1.
27. Oshkosh got up early to show joy at the good news. The Daily Northwestern. Oshkosh, WI. November 11, 1918:8.
28. Peace parade big. It is also noisy, ideas are clever. Spirits run high. The Daily Northwestern, November 12, 1918:10.
29. New "Flu" cases 38. The Daily Northwestern. Oshkosh, WI. November 14, 1918:10.
30. Get after spitters. The Daily Northwestern. Oshkosh, WI. November 15, 1918:14.
31. Closed to visitors. The Daily Northwestern. Oshkosh, WI. January 26, 1920:4.
32. Epidemic is getting weak. Snow and cold weather are said to have been the antidote. The Daily Northwestern. Oshkosh, WI. December 27, 1918:10.
33. Collins, SD. Age and sex incidence of influenza and pneumonia morbidity and mortality in the epidemic of 1928-29 with comparative data for the epidemic of 1918-19. Public Health Reports 1931;33:1909-1937.
34. Simonsen L, Clarke MJ, Schonberger LB, Arden NH, Cox NJ, Fukuda K. Pandemic versus epidemic influenza mortality: a pattern of changing age distribution. J Infect Dis 1998;178:53-60.
35. Ammon CE. Spanish flu epidemic in 1918 in Geneva, Switzerland. Euro Surveill 2002;7:190-192.
36. Stanwell-Smith R, Parker AM, Chakraverty P, Soltanpoor N, Simpson CN. Possible association of influenza A with fetal loss: investigation of a cluster of spontaneous abortions and stillbirths. Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev 1994;4:R28-32.
37. Schubert A. [The incidence of abnormalities after flu epidemics.] [Article in German] Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena). 1992;86:935-937.
38. Madec F, Kaiser C, Gourreau JM, Martinat-Botte F. [Pathologic consequences of a severe influenza outbreak (swine virus A/ H1N1) under natural conditions in the non-immune sow at the beginning of pregnancy.] [Article in French] Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1989;12:17-27.
39. Mat,epiuc-Stǎnicǎ M. [Recent data on the possible consequences of influenza infections contracted during pregnancy] [Article in Romanian] Rev Ig Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol Pneumoftiziol Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol. 1976;21:11-16.
40. Leetz I. [Influenza in pregnancy as a cause of perinatal mortality. 2. Case reports] [Article in German] Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena). 1973 Jul 15;67(14):713-715.
41. Menser MA, Forrest JM. Maternal infections and the developing foetus. Med J Aust 1973;1:448-452.
42. Griffith GW, Adelstein AM, Lambert PM, Weatherall JA. Influenza and infant mortality. Br Med J 1972;3:553-556.
43. Winnebago County Death Records. 1916-1922;Vol. 22-34. Winnebago County Courthouse; Oshkosh, WI.
44. Wood HC, La Wall CH, Youngken HW, Anderson JF, Griffith I. The Dispensatory of the United States of America. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott Company, Washington Square Press; 1926.
45. Spanish Influenza - "Three-Day Fever" - "The Flu." In: Corish JL, ed. Health Knowledge, A Thorough and Concise Knowledge of the Prevention, Causes, and Treatments of Disease, Simplified for Home Use. Volume II. New York, NY: Domestic Health Society, Inc.; 1921. 982-986.
46. Uc A, Bishop WP, Sanders KD. Camphor hepatotoxicity. South Med J 2000;93:596-598.
47. Food Drug Administration. Proposed rules: external analgesic drug products for over-the-counter human use; tentative final monograph. Federal Register: 1983;48:5852-5869.
48. Wisconsin Register of Reports of Contagious Diseases. 1919. Record of the Wisconsin State Historical Society; Madison, WI.