Global poverty: Alternative perspectives on what we should do - and why

Journal of Social Philosophy

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 471-491

  Schweickart, David ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 74549224020     PISSN: 00472786     EISSN: 14679833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9833.2008.00438.x     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Charles Beitz, "Cosmopolitan and Global Justice", The Journal of Ethics 9(2005):11.
2. Karl Marx, "Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy", in Karl Marx: Selected Writings, ed. Lawrence Simon (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1994), 211.
3. Thomas Pogge, World Poverty and Human Rights (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2002), 2.
4. Peter Singer, One World: The Ethics of Globalization (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002), 150-51.
5. Thomas Pogge, "Real World Justice", Journal of Ethics 9(2005):31.
6. Pogge, World Poverty, 2.
7. Peter Singer, "What Should A Billionaire Give- and What Should You?" New York Times, December 17, 2006.
8. Peter Singer, "Famine, Affluence and Morality", Philosophy and Public Affairs 1, no. 3(1972):242.
9. Thomas Pogge, "Reply to Critics: Severe Poverty as a Violation of Negative Duties", Ethics and International Affairs 19, no. 1(2005):79.
10. Pogge, "Real World Justice", 33.
11. Singer, "Famine, Affluence and Morality", 231.
12. Singer, One World, 186.
13. It should be noted that Singer's argument turns on the principle cited above, not on his larger, more controversial, utilitarian ethic. "In writing about the obligation to assist the world's poorest people, I want to reach people who are not utilitarians, so I don't rely on utilitarian premises for that argument." "Poverty, Facts and Political Philosophies: A Debate with Andrew Kuper", in Andrew Kuper, ed., Global Responsibilities: Who Must Deliver on Human Rights (New York: Routledge, 2005), 180.
14. Peter Singer, Practical Ethics, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 246.
15. Summa Theologica, II-II, Question 66, Article 7, cited in Singer, "Famine, Affluence and Morality", 239.
16. Paul Gomberg, "The Fallacy of Philanthropy", Canadian Journal of Philosophy (March 2002): 44.
17. Gomberg, "Fallacy", 45.
18. Cf. "Fallacy", 33ff.
19. See Garrett Hardin, "Carrying Capacity as an Ethical Concept" (1976)
20. reprinted in Christine Koggel, ed., Moral Issues in Global Perspective (Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press, 1999), 462-68.
21. For a careful analysis of this problem, see David Barkin, Rosemary Batt and Billie De Walt, Food Crops vs. Feed Crops: Global Substitution of Grains in Production (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1990).
22. Thomas Dichter, Despite Good Intentions: Why Development Assistance to the Third World Has Failed (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2003).
23. David Ellerman, Helping People Help Themselves (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006), 244.
24. Michael Maren, The Road to Hell: The Ravaging Effects of Foreign Aid and International Charity (New York: The Free Press, 1997). This book is primarily about the author's experience in Somalia-but many of his observations can be generalized.
25. Carol Gould makes a similar point in her "Coercion, Care, and Corporations: Omissions and Commissions in Thomas Pogge's Political Philosophy", Journal of Global Ethics, 3(December 2007):381-93.
26. Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom (New York: Knopf, 1999), 167.
27. Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (Boston: Beacon, 2001).
28. This is not to say that utilitarianism necessarily justifies capitalism. My PhD. dissertation, "Capitalism: A Utilititarian Analysis" (1977) argued to the opposite conclusion.
29. John M'Farlane, in 1782, as quote by Polanyi, The Great Transformation, 108.
30. An important exception is the great Polish economist Michael Kalecki, who, in his famous 1943 article, "Political Aspects of Full Employment", Political Quarterly 64, made the case bluntly: "Indeed, under a regime of permanent full employment, 'the sack' would cease to play its role as a disciplinary measure. The social position of the boss would be undermined and the self-assurance and class-consciousness of the working class would grow. Strikes for wage increases and improvements in conditions of work would be higher under a regime of full employment than they are on average under laissez-faire; and even the rise in wages resulting from the stronger bargaining power of the workers is less likely to reduce profits than to increase prices, and thus affects only the rentier interests. But 'discipline in the factories' and 'political stability' are more appreciated by business leaders than profits. Their class interest tells them that lasting full employment is unsound from their point of view and that unemployment is an integral part of the 'normal' capitalist system"
31. Kalecki's article has been reprinted in E. Hunt and J. Schwartz (eds.) A Critique of Economic Theory (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1972), 420-30. The quote is from 424-25.
32. Cf. Bertram Silverman, "The Rise and Fall of the Swedish Model. Interview with Rudolf Meidner", Challenge: The Magazine of Economic Affairs 41(Jan/Feb. 1998):69-90.
33. Karl Marx, Capital, v. 1 (New York: International Publishers, 1992), 406.
34. Richard Rorty, "For a More Banal Politics", Harper's 284(May 1992), 16.
35. In addition to my own After Capitalism (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002)
36. and Against Capitalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993)
37. see Michael Howard, Self-Management and the Crisis of Socialism: The Rose in the Fist of the Present (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000);
38. Bruno Jossa and Gaetano Cuomo, The Economic Theory of Socialism and the Labour-Managed Firm (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1997);
39. John Roemer, A Future for Socialism (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994);
40. and Frank Roosevelt and David Belkin, eds., Why Market Socialism? (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1994).
41. See also Bertell Ollman, ed., Market Socialism: The Debate Among Socialists (New York: Routledge, 1998).
42. For more details, see Chapter Three of After Capitalism or Chapters Three and Four of Against Capitalism.
43. William Easterly, The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good (New York: The Penguin Press, 2006), 3-4.
44. See also his fierce critique, "The Big Push Déjá Vu: A Review of Jeffrey Sachs's The End of Poverty", Journal of Economic Literature 44(March 2006):96-105.
45. Jagdish Bhagwati, In Defense of Globalization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 14-15.
46. Bhagwati, Defense, 234.
47. International Labour Organization, Global Employment Trends (Geneva: International Labour Office, 2008), 11.
48. Mike Davis, Planet of Slums (London: Verso, 2006).
49. Pogge, "Reply to Critics", 82.