High-concentration polyaluminum chloride: Preparation and effects of the Al concentration on the distribution and transformation of Al species

Chemical Engineering Journal

Volumn 155, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 528-533

  Zhao, Hua Zhang ^a   Liu, Chuan ^a   Xu, Yi ^b   Ni, Jin Ren ^a  

^a PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b NANJING INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES   (China)

Author keywords

Al species; Concentration; Polyaluminum chloride; Preparation; Transformation

Indexed keywords

AL-CONCENTRATION; B VALUE; BASIFICATION; DILUTION PROCESS; OVERALL REACTIONS; POLYALUMINUM CHLORIDE; SPECIES CONCENTRATION; TRANSFORMATION BEHAVIOR;

CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); FEEDING; OPTIMIZATION;

ALUMINUM;

EID: 74449085281     PISSN: 13858947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2009.08.007     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Zhao H., Hu C.Z., Liu H.J., Zhao X., and Qu J.H. Role of aluminum speciation in the removal of disinfection byproduct precursors by a coagulation process. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 (2008) 5752-5758
2. Pernitsky D.J., and Edzwald J.K. Solubility of polyaluminium coagulants. J. Water Supply Res. Technol. 52 (2003) 395-406
3. Wang D.S., Tang H.X., and Gregory J. Relative importance of charge neutralization and precipitation on coagulation of kaolin with PACI: effect of sulfate ion. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 (2002) 1815-1820
4. Jiang J.Q. Development of coagulation theory and pre-polymerized coagulants for water treatment. Sep. Purif. Methods 30 (2001) 127-141
5. Jiang J.Q., and Graham N.J.D. Pre-polymerised inorganic coagulants and phosphorus removal by coagulation - a review. Water S.A. 24 (1998) 237-244
6. Tang H.X., and Luan Z.K. The difference of behavior and mechanism between pre-polymeric inorganic flocculants and traditional coagulant. In: Hahn H.H., Hoffmann E., and Ødegaard H. (Eds). Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, Part IV (1996), Springer, Berlin, Germany
7. Vanbenschoten J.E., and Edzwald J.K. Chemical aspects of coagulation using aluminum salts. 2. Coagulation of fulvic-acid using alum and polyaluminum chloride. Water Res. 24 (1990) 1527-1535
8. Bottero J.Y., Cases J.M., Fiessinger F., and Poirier J.E. Studies of hydrolyzed aluminum chloride solutions. I. Nature of aluminum species and composition of aqueous solutions. J. Phys. Chem. 84 (1980) 2933-2939
9. Bertsch P.M., Layton W.J., and Barnhisel R.I. Speciation of hydroxyaluminum solutions by wet chemical and Al-27 NMR methods. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50 (1986) 1449-1454
10. + during forced hydrolysis - a Al-27 nuclear-magnetic-resonance study. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 152 (1993) 207-211
11. Shi B.Y., Wei Q.S., Wang D.S., Zhu Z., and Tang H.X. Coagulation of humic acid: the performance of preformed and non-preformed Al species. Colloid Surf. A 296 (2007) 141-148
12. Hu C.Z., Liu H.J., Qu J.H., Wang D.S., and Ru J. Coagulation behavior of aluminum salts in eutrophic water: significance of Al-13 species and pH control. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (2006) 325-331
13. 13 tridecameric polycation using ferron. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26 (1992) 908-914
14. Thomas F., Masion A., Bottero J.Y., Rouiller J., Montigny F., and Genevrier F. Aluminum(III) speciation with hydroxy carboxylic-acids - Al-27-NMR study. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27 (1993) 2511-2516
15. Bertsch P.M., Barnhisel R.I., Thomas G.W., Layton W.J., and Smith S.L. Quantitative-determination of Al-27 by high-resolution nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 58 (1986) 2583-2585
16. Shi B.Y., Li G.H., Wang D.S., and Tang H.X. Separation of Al-13 from polyaluminum chloride by sulfate precipitation and nitrate metathesis. Sep. Purif. Technol. 54 (2007) 88-95
17. 13 polymers. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 117 (1987) 47-57
18. Bertsch P.M., Anderson M.A., and Layton W.J. Al-27 nuclear magnetic-resonance studies of ferron-hydroxo-polynuclear Al interactions. Magn. Reson. Chem. 27 (1989) 283-287
19. Tang H.X., Wang D.S., and Xu Y. Optimization of the concepts for polyaluminum species. In: Hahn H.H., Hoffmann E., and Ødegaard H. (Eds). Chemical Water and Waste Water Treatment VIII (2004), IWA Publishing, UK
20. Lu G.J., Qu J.H., and Tang H.X. The electrochemical production of highly effective polyaluminum chloride. Water Res. 33 (1999) 807-813
21. Zhang P.Y., Hahn H.H., Hoffmann E., and Zeng G.M. Influence of some additives to aluminium species distribution in aluminium coagulants. Chemosphere 57 (2004) 1489-1494
22. Thompson A.R., Kunwar A.C., Gutowsky H.S., and Oldfield E. O-17 and Al-27 nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopic investigations of aluminum(III) hydrolysis products. J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. (1987) 2317-2322
23. Cheng W.P., Li C.C., and Yu R.F. Preparing polyaluminum chloride coagulants using ultrasonic-assisted NaOH dosing. Environ. Eng. Sci. 25 (2008) 451-459
24. Akitt J.W., and Farthing A. Al-27 nuclear magnetic-resonance studies of the hydrolysis of aluminum(III). 4. Hydrolysis using sodium-carbonate. J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. (1981) 1617-1623
25. Mekhamer W.K., and Assaad F.F. Flocculation and coagulation of Ca- and K-saturated montmorillonite in the presence of polyethylene oxide. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 73 (1999) 659-662
26. Xiao F., Zhang B.J., and Lee C. Effects of low temperature on aluminum(III) hydrolysis: theoretical and experimental studies. J. Environ. Sci. Chin. 20 (2008) 907-914
27. Gao B.Y., Yue Q.Y., and Wang B.J. The chemical species distribution and transformation of polyaluminum silicate chloride coagulant. Chemosphere 46 (2002) 809-813
28. Akitt J.W., and Farthing A. New Al-27 NMR-studies of the hydrolysis of the aluminum(III) cation. J. Magn. Reson. 32 (1978) 345-352
29. Vermeulen A.C., Geus J.W., Stol R.J., and Debruyn P.L. Hydrolysis-precipitation studies of aluminum (III) solutions. 1. Titration of acidified aluminum nitrate solutions. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 51 (1975) 449-458
30. Yao C.H., Sun Y.J., Zhao P.Y., and Fei L. The effect of dilution with water on the speciation of polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC). Environ. Chem. 10 (1991) 16-19 (in Chinese)
31. Exall K.N., and vanLoon G.W. Effects of raw water conditions on solution-state aluminum speciation during coagulant dilution. Water Res. 37 (2003) 3341-3350
32. Bertsch P.M., Thomas G.W., and Barnhisel R.I. Characterization of hydroxyaluminum solutions by Al-27 nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50 (1986) 825-830
33. Li C.P., Gao B.Y., Yu H., Yue Q.Y., and Wang S.R. Study of PACS morphology distribution with dilution in water by 27Al NMR method. J. Shangdong Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 30 (1995) 190-194 (in Chinese)
34. Furrer G., Gfeller M., and Wehrli B. On the chemistry of the Keggin Al-13 polymer: kinetics of proton-promoted decomposition. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63 (1999) 3069-3076