A new design method for retaining walls in clay

Canadian Geotechnical Journal

Volumn 41, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 451-466

  Osman, Ashraf S ^a   Bolton, Malcolm D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Design; Finite element; Plasticity theory; Retaining wall

Indexed keywords

CANTILEVER BEAMS; DEFORMATION; ENGINEERS; GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OPTICAL DESIGN; PLASTIC DEFORMATION; SOIL MECHANICS;

DESIGN ENGINEERS; ELASTIC MODELS; SOIL STRENGTH;

CLAY;

CLAY; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING; RETAINING WALL;

EID: 7444256622     PISSN: 00083674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/T04-003     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Atkinson, J.H., Richardson, D., and Stallebrass, S.E. 1990. Effect of recent stress history on the stiffness of overconsolidated soil. Géotechnique, 40(4): 531-540.
2. Bolton, M.D. 1993. Codes, standard and design guides. In Retaining structures. Edited by C.R.I. Clayton. Thomas Telford, London, UK. pp. 387-402.
3. Bolton, M.D., and Powrie, W. 1987. The collapse of diaphram walls retaining clay. Géotechnique, 37(3): 335-353.
4. Bolton, M.D., and Powrie, W. 1988. Behaviour of diaphram walls in clay prior to collapse. Géotechnique, 38(2): 167-189.
5. Bolton, M.D., and Sun, H.W. 1991. Modelling of bridge abutments on stiff clay. In Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Soil Mechanics, Florence, Italy, 26-30 May 1991. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Vol. 1, pp. 51-55.
6. Bolton, M.D., Powrie, W., and Symons, I.F. 1989. The design of stiff in-situ walls retaining overconsolidated clay, part 1. Ground Engineering, 22(8): 44-48.
7. Bolton, M.D., Powrie, W., and Symons, I.F. 1990a. The design of stiff in-situ walls retaining overconsolidated clay, part 1, short term behaviour. Ground Engineering, 23(1): 34-39.
8. Bolton, M.D., Powrie, W., and Symons, I.F. 1990b. The design of stiff in-situ walls retaining overconsolidated clay, part II, long term behaviour. Ground Engineering, 23(2): 22-28.
9. Bolton, M.D., Dasari, G.R., and Britto, A.M. 1994. Putting small strain non-linearity into Modified Cam Clay model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics (IACMAG), Morgantown, W. Va., 22-28 May 1994. Edited by J. Siriwardane and M.M. Zaman. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. pp. 537-542.
10. British Standards Institution. 1994. Code of practice for earth retaining structures. BS 8002. British Standards Institution, London, UK.
11. Burland, J.B., and Wroth, C.P. 1974. Allowable and differential settlements of structures, including damage and soil-structure interaction. In Settlement of Structures, Proceedings of the Conference of the British Geotechnical Society, Cambridge. Pentech Press, London, UK. pp. 611-764.
12. Burland, J.B., Potts, D.M., and Walsh, N.M. 1981. Overall stability of free and propped embedded cantilever retaining walls. Ground Engineering, 14(5): 28-32, 35-37.
13. Carder, D.R., and Symons, I.F. 1989. Long-term performance of an embedded cantilever retaining wall in stiff clay. Géotechnique, 39(1): 55-75.
14. Dasari, G.R. 1996. Modelling the variation of soil stiffness during sequential construction. Ph.D. dissertation, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
15. Dasari, G.R., and Britto, A.M. 1995. Strain-dependent Modified Cam Clay model. Technical Report CUED-SOILS/TR276, Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
16. De Moor, E.K. 1994. Analysis of bored pile/diaphragm wall installation effects. Géotechnique, 44(2): 341-347.
17. ECS. 1997. Eurocode EC7: geotechnical design. European Committee for Standardization (ECS), Brussels, Belgium.
18. Garrett, C., and Barnes, S.J. 1984. Design and performance of the Dunton Green retaining wall. Géotechnique, 34(4): 533-548.
19. Hubbard, H.W., Potts, D.M., Miller, D., and Burland, J.B. 1984. Design of the retaining walls for the M25 cut and cover tunnel at Bell Common. Géotechnique, 34(4): 495-512.
20. Jardine, R.J., Symes, M.J., and Burland, J.B. 1984. The measurement of soil stiffness in the triaxial apparatus. Géotechnique, 34(3): 323-340.
21. Long, M. 2001. Database for retaining wall and ground movements due to deep excavations. Journal of Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Engineering, ASCE, 127(3): 203-224.
22. Masing, G. 1926. Eigenspannungen und Verfestigung beim Messing. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress of Applied Mechanics, Zurich, Switzerland. pp. 332-335.
23. Milligan, G.W.E., and Bransby, P.L. 1976. Combined active and passive rotational failure of a retaining wall in sand. Géotechnique, 26(3): 473-494.
24. Osman, A.S. 2002. Mobilizable soil strength for geotechnical design of retaining walls. M.Phil. dissertation, Department of Engineering, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
25. Padfield, C.J., and Mair, R.J. 1984. Design of retaining walls embedded in stiff clay. Construction Industry Research and Information Association, CIRIA Report R104.
26. Potts, D.M., and Fourie, A.B. 1985. The effect of wall stiffness on the behaviour of a propped retaining wall. Géotechnique, 35(3): 347-352.
27. Powrie, W. 1985. Discussion on performance of propped and cantilevered rigid walls. Géotechnique, 35(4): 546-548.
28. Powrie, W. 1996. Limit equilibrium analysis of embedded retaining walls. Géotechnique, 46(4): 709-723.
29. Powrie, W., and Li, E.S.F. 1991. Finite element analyses of an in situ wall propped at formation level. Géotechnique, 41(4): 499-514.
30. Powrie, W., Pantelidou, H., and Stallebrass, S.E. 1998. Soil stiffness in stress paths relevant to diaphragm walls in clay. Géotechnique, 48(4): 483-494.
31. Puller, M., and Lee, T. 1996. Comparison between the design methods for earth retaining structures recommended by BS 8002:1994 and previously used methods. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Engineering, 119(1): 29-34.
32. Roscoe, K.H., and Burland, J.B. 1968. On the generalized stress-strain behaviour of wet clay. In Engineering plasticity. Edited by J. Heyman and F.A. Leckie. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. pp. 535-609.
33. Rowe, P.W. 1955. Sheet pile walls encastre at the anchorage. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, London, Part 1, Vol. 4.
34. Simpson, B., and Driscoll, R. 1998. Eurocode 7: a commentary. Construction Research Communications, Watford, UK.
35. Symons, I.F. 1983. Assessing the stability of a propped, in situ retaining wall in overconsolidated clay. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Part 2: Research and Theory, 75: 617-633.
36. Symons, I.F., and Carder, D.R. 1992. Field measurement on embedded retaining walls. Géotechnique, 42(1): 117-126.
37. Tedd, P., Chard, B.M., Charles, J.A., and Symons, I.F. 1984. Behaviour of a propped embedded retaining wall in stiff clay at Bell Common Tunnel. Géotechnique, 34(4): 513-532.