War rape: New conceptualizations and responses

Affilia - Journal of Women and Social Work

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 389-403

  Farwell, Nancy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Gender relations; Rape; Rape as a weapon of war; Sexual violence; War

Indexed keywords

EID: 7444254993     PISSN: 08861099     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0886109904268868     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Apple, B., & Martin, V. (2003). No safe place: Burmese army and the rape of ethnic women. Washington, DC: Refugees International.
2. Archdiocese of Guatemala. (1999). Guatemala: Never again! REMHI, Recovery of Historical Memory Project: The official report of the Human Rights Office, Archdiocese of Guatemala. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis.
3. Brownmiller, S. (1975). Against our will: Men, women, and rape. New York: Penguin Books.
4. Card, C. (1996). Rape as a weapon of war. Hypatia, 11(4), 4-18.
5. Chang, I. (1997). The rape of Nanking: The forgotten holocaust of World War II. New York: Basic Books.
6. Chinkin, C. (2001). Women's international tribunal of Japanese military sexual slavery. American Journal of International Law, 95, 335-342.
7. Cockburn, C. (1999, June 10-11). Gender, armed conflict, and political violence: Background paper. Washington, DC: World Bank.
8. Coomaraswamy, R. (1998). Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences (E/CN.4/1998/54). Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations.
9. Delaney, C. (1991). The seed and the soil: Gender and cosmology in Turkish village society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
10. Enloe, C. (1987). Feminist thinking about war, militarism, and peace. In B. Hess (Ed.), Analyzing gender: A handbook of social science research (pp. 526-547). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
11. Enloe, C. (2000). Maneuvers: The international politics of women's lives. Berkeley: University of California Press.
12. Gabiro, G. (2003, November 21). Silent victims of Rwanda's genocide. Lausanne, Switzerland: Hirondelle News Agency. Retrieved from http://www.rwanda.net/english/News/ news112003/news11212003b.htm
13. Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, August 12, 1949, art 3, 6 U.S.T. 3516, 75 U.N.T.S. 287-288.
14. Human Rights Watch. (1996). Shattered lives: Sexual violence during the Rwandan genocide and its aftermath. Retrieved from http://hrw.org/reports/1996/Rwanda.htm
15. Human Rights Watch. (1998). A closed dark place: Past and present human rights abuses in Foca. Retrieved from http://www/hrw.org/reports~98/foca
16. Human Rights Watch. (2003).Policy paralysis: A call for action in HIV/AIDS-related human rights abuses against women and girls in Africa. Retrieved from http://www.hrw.org/reports/ 2003/africa1203
17. Jennings, P., & Swiss, S. (2001, January 27). Health and human rights: Women and sexual violence - Supporting local efforts to document human-rights violations in armed conflict. The Lancet, 357(9252), 302-303.
18. Kelly, L. (2000). Wars against women: Sexual violence, sexual politics and the militarised state. In S. Jacobs, R. Jacobson, & J. Marchbank (Eds.), States of conflict: Gender, violence and resistance (pp. 45-65). London: Zed Books.
19. Kimani, M. (2003, March 3). Killers come home: Hutus jailed for taking part in Rwanda's genocide are being resettled. Eight years on, will they be the hunted? Time International, 161(8), 3435.
20. Koo, K. (2002). Confronting a disciplinary blindness: Women, war and rape in the international politics of security. Australian Journal of Political Science, 37, 525-536.
21. Legesse, A. (2000). Violations of human rights of civilians during the most recent phase of the Ethio-Eritrean conflict. Asmara, Eritrea: Citizens for Peace in Eritrea.
22. Levinson, D. (1989). Family violence in cross-cultural perspective. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
23. McDougall, G. (1998). Contemporary forms of slavery: Systematic rape, sexual slavery and slavery-like practices during armed conflict (E/CN.4/Sub.2/1998/13). Geneva, Switzerland: UN Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities.
24. McHenry, J. R., III. (2002). The prosecution of rape under international law: Justice that is long overdue. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 35, 1249-1312.
25. McWilliams, M. (1998). Violence against women in societies under stress. In R. E. Dobash & R. P. Dobash (Eds.), Rethinking violence against women (pp. 111-140). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
26. Medica Kosova. (1999). Women for women. Retrieved from http://www.socresonline.org.uk/ 4/2/appeal.html
27. Medica Mondiale. (2003a). Help amidst a hail of bombs. Retrieved from http://www. medicamondiale.org/html/werwirsind/_in/ind_wer_e.html
28. Medica Mondiale. (2003b). War is always violence against women. Retrieved from http://www. medicamondiale.de/html/waswirtun/waswirtun_e.html
29. Menon, R., & Bhasin, K. (1998). Borders and boundaries: Women in India's partition. New Delhi, India: Kali.
30. Mladjenovic, L. (1999). Beyond war hierarchies: Belgrade feminists' experience working with female survivors of war. Women & Therapy, 22(1), 83-89.
31. Nikolic-Ristanovic, V. (1999). Living without democracy and peace: Violence against women in the former Yugoslavia. Violence Against Women, 5(1), 63-80.
32. Nordstrom, C. (1998). Terror warfare and the medicine of peace. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 12, 103-121.
33. Okazawa-Rey, M. (2002). Warring on women: Understanding complex inequalities of gender, race, class, and nation. Affilia, 17, 371-383.
34. Olujic, M. (1998). Embodiment of terror: Gendered violence in peacetime and wartime in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 12, 30-46.
35. Prosecutor v. Kunarac, No. IT-96-23-T (ICTY February 22, 2001). Retrieved from http:// www.un.org/icty/ind-e.htm, sect. IV, para. 134, 402, 410, 415, 427, 431.
36. Russell-Brown, S. L. (2003). Rape as an act of genocide. Berkeley Journal of International Law, 21, 350-374.
37. Seifert, R. (1996). The second front: The logic of sexual violence in wars. Women's Studies International Forum, 19(1-2), 35-42.
38. Skjelsbaek, I. (2001). Sexual violence and war: Mapping out a complex relationship. European Journal of International Relations, 7, 211-237.
39. Stiglmayer, A. (1993). The war in the former Yugoslavia. In A. Stiglmayer (Ed.), Mass rape: The war against women in Bosnia-Herzegovina (pp. 1-34). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
40. Twagiramariya, C., & Turshen, M. (1998). "Favours" to give and "consenting" victims: The sexual politics of survival in Rwanda. In M. Turshen & C. Twagiramariya (Eds.), What women do in wartime: Gender and conflict in Africa (pp. 101-117). London: Zed Books.
41. UNICEF. (1996). The state of the world's children: Sexual violence as a weapon of war. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/sowc96pk/sexviol.htm
42. UNICEF. (2000). The state of the world's children: Undeclared war. Retrieved from http://www. unicef.org/sowc00/uwar1.htm
43. Vickers, J. (1993). The impact of war on women. Development, 4, 35-40.
44. von Kerenshazy, J., Tekle, T., Higo, S., Gottlieb, P., & Aradom, T. (2002, July). Eritrea: Military occupation, sexual violence, and HIV. Paper presented at AIDS Barcelona, XIV International AIDS Conference, Barcelona, Spain. Retrieved from http://www.aids2002.com/T-CMS_Content/Presentations/20020726/thorf1466.pdf
45. Walsh, M. (2000). Aftermath: The role of women's organizations in postconflict Bosnia and Herzegovina (Working Paper No. 308). Washington, DC: USAID Center for Development Information and Evaluation.
46. Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, (1997). New York: Portland House.
47. Women's Rights International (WRI). (1999). Violence against women in times of war: A research study in Liberia. Washington, DC: International Center for Research on Women and the Centre for Development and Population Activities.
48. Yuval-Davis, N. (1997). Gender and nation. London: Sage.