Does women's representation in elected office lead to women-friendly policy? Analysis of state-level data

Women and Politics

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 35-70

  Caiazza, Amy ^a  

^a Inst for Women's Policy Research   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 7444222896     PISSN: 01957732     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J014v26n01_03     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees. 1999. Building the American Dream: Policies that Help Working Families. Washington, DC: AFSCME.
2. The Annie E. Casey Foundation. 1999. Kids Count Data Book: State Profiles of Child Well-Being. Baltimore, MD: Annie E. Casey Foundation.
3. Arceneaux, Kevin. 2001. "The 'Gender Gap' in State Legislative Representation: New Data to Tackle an Old Question." Political Science Quarterly 54: 143-160.
4. Bernstein, Jared, Heidi Hartmann, and John Schmitt. 1999. The Minimum Wage Increase: A Working Woman's Issue. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute and Institute for Women's Policy Research.
5. Brace, Paul, Kellie Butler, Kevin Arceneaux, and Martin Johnson. 1999. "Public Opinion in the American States." Presented at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta.
6. Caiazza, Amy, ed. 2000. The Status of Women in the States. Washington, DC: Institute for Women's Policy Research.
7. Center for American Women and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University. 2003. "Final Election Results Show Women Losing Ground." Press Release, January 2.
8. Center for American Women and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University. 2001. Election 2000: Summary of Results for Women Fact Sheet 2001. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics.
9. Center for American Women and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University. 1996a. Statewide Elective Executive Women 1996 Fact Sheet. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics.
10. Center for American Women and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University. 1996b. Women in State Legislatures 1996 Fact Sheet. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics.
11. Center for Policy Alternatives. 1995. The State of the States for Women and Politics. Washington, DC: Center for Policy Alternatives.
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. 1997. Inventory of Services and Funding Sources for Programs Designed to Prevent Violence Against Women. Available on Website: www.cdc.gov/neipc/dvp/ vawprograms. Accessed January 2000.
13. Cohen, Marie. 2001. Mandatory Work-Related Activities for Welfare Recipients: The Next Step in Welfare Reform. College Park, MD: University of Maryland, School of Public Affairs, Welfare Reform Academy.
14. Council of State Governments. 1998. The Book of the States. Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments.
15. Duerst-Lahti, Georgia, and Dayna Verstegen. 2000. "Making Something of Absence: The 'Year of the Woman' and Women's Political Representation." In Gender, Power, Leadership and Governance. Edited by Georgia Duerst-Lahti and Rita Mae Kelly. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan.
16. Flammang, Janet. 1985. "Female Officials in the Feminist Capital: The Case of Santa Clara County." Western Political Quarterly 38: 94-118.
17. Frankovic, Kathleen. 1999. "Why the Gender Gap Became News in 1996." PS: Political Science and Politics, vol. XXXII, no. 1, 20-2.
18. Freeman, Jo. 1975. The Politics of Women's Liberation: A Case Study of an Emerging Social Movement and Its Relation to the Policy Process. New York: D. McKay.
19. Gelb, Joyce, and Marian Lief Palley. 1982. Women and Public Policies. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
20. Gershenzon, Leora. 1993. U.S. Child Support Performance. San Francisco, CA: The Child Support Reform Initiative.
21. Hartmann, Heidi, and Stephanie Aaronson. 1994. "Pay Equity and Women's Wage Increases: Success in the States, A Model for the Nation." Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, volume 1.
22. Hartmann, Heidi, Young-Hoe Yoon, Roberta Spalter-Roth, and Lois Shaw. 1995. "Temporary Disability Insurance: A Model to Provide Income Security Over the Life Cycle." Paper presented at the 1995 Annual Meetings of the American Economics Association of the Allied Social Science Associations. Washington, DC: Institute for Women's Policy Research.
23. Hawes, Dan. 1999. 1999 Capital Gains and Losses: A State by State Review of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and HIV/AIDS-Related Legislation in 1999. Washington, DC: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
24. Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR). 1998. "Reproductive Issues and Welfare Reform." Welfare Reform Network News 11/12.
25. Kathlene, Lyn. 1998. "In a Different Voice: Women and the Policy Process." In Women and Elective Office. Edited by Sue Thomas and Clyde Wilcox, NY: Oxford University Press.
26. Langford, Barbara Hanson. 1998. "The Institutionalization of Women's Interests: Strategies for Improving the Effectiveness of State Women's Commissions." Unpublished Master's thesis, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
27. Malhotra, Anju, and Rekha Mehra. 1999. Fuelling the Cairo Commitment: Enhancing Women's Economic and Social Options for Reproductive Health. Washington, DC: International Center for Research on Women.
28. Mezey, Michael. 1993. "Legislatures: Individual Purpose and Institutional Performance." In Political Science: The State of the Discipline IT. Edited by Ada W. Finifter, 335-64. Washington, DC: American Political Science Association.
29. Mezey, Susan Gluck. 1994. "Increasing the Number of Women in Office: Does It Matter?" The Year of the Woman: Myths and Realities. Edited by Elizabeth Adeli Cook, Sue Thomas, and Clyde Wilcox. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
30. Mezey, Susan Gluck. 1978. "Women and Representation: the Case of Hawaii." The Journal of Politics, 40: 369-385.
31. Miller, Neal. 1999a. Domestic Violence: A Review of State Legislation Defining Police and Prosecution Duties of Powers. Alexandria, VA: Institute for Law and Justice.
32. Miller, Neal. 1999b. Violence Against Women State Legislation: A Review of Domestic Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking Laws Enacted in 1999, A Preliminary Review. Alexandria, VA: Institute for Law and Justice.
33. NARAL and NARAL Foundation. 2000. Who Decides? A State-by-State Review of Abortion and Reproductive Rights. Washington, DC: NARAL.
34. National Committee on Pay Equity. 1997. State Government Pay Equity Activity. Washington, DC: National Committee on Pay Equity.
35. National Partnership for Women and Families. 2000. State Family Leave Benefit Initiatives: Making Family Leave More Affordable. Washington, DC: National Partnership for Women and Families.
36. Sapiro, Virginia. 1981. "When are Interests Interesting? The Problem of Political Representation of Women." American Political Science Review 75: 701-716.
37. Stauffer, Molly, and Carla L. Plaza. 1999. Women's Health: A Legislative Overview of Selected Mandates. Washington, DC: NCSL Health Policy Tracking Service.
38. Stetson, Dorothy McBride, and Amy Mazur, eds. 1995. Comparative State Feminism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
39. Swers, Michele L. 2002a. The Difference Women Maker The Policy Impact of Women in Congress. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
40. Swers, Michele L. 2002b. "Research on Women in Legislatures: What Have We Learned and Where Are We Going?" Women & Politics 23 (1/2).
41. Swers, Michele L. 2000. "Transforming the Political Agenda? Gender Differences in Bill Sponsorship on Women's Issues." Unpublished paper presented at the Carl Albert Center Conference "Women Tranforming Congress," April 13-15. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
42. Tamerius, Karin. 1995. "Sex, Gender, and Leadership." In Gender, Power, Leadership and Governance. Edited by Georgia Duerst-Lahti and Rita Mae Kelly. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Representation of Women.
43. Thomas, Sue. 1994. How Women Legislate. NY: Oxford University Press.
44. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1998. Voting and Registration in the Election of November 1996. PPL-89. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census.
45. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1997. Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1997. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census.
46. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. 1999a. Characteristics and Financial Circumstances of TANF Recipients: Fiscal Year 1998. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
47. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. 1999b. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Program: Second Annual Report to Congress, August 1999. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
48. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. 1998. Average Number of CSE Cases in Which a Collection Was Made on an Obligation by AFDC/FC Arrears Only, FY 1997. Table from Website: www.acf. dhhs.gov/programs/cse/rpt/22t/TABLES28.htm. Accessed January 2000.
49. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Violence Against Women Grants Office. 1998. Stalking and Domestic Violence: The Third Annual Report to Congress Under the Violence Against Women Act. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs.
50. U.S. Department of Labor. 2001. Balancing the Needs of Families and Employers: Family and Medical Leave Surveys. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor.
51. U.S. Department of Labor. 1999. Minimum Wage and Overtime Premium Pay Standards Applicable to Non-supervisory Non-farm Private Sector Employment Under State and Federal Laws. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor.
52. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1999. Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
53. U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Unemployment Insurance Service. 1999. Comparison of State Employment Insurance Laws. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor.
54. Wilkins, Vicky. 2001. "Representing Women: The Impact of Female Lawmakers on Legislative Outcomes." Unpublished paper prepared for the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, April 18-22. Chicago, Illinois.
55. Yoon, Young-Hee, Roberta Spalter-Roth, and Marc Baldwin. 1995. Unemployment Insurance: Barriers to Access for Women and Part-Time Workers. Washington, DC: Institute for Women's Policy Research.