Practical steps to improving the management of type 1 diabetes: Recommendations from the Global Partnership for Effective Diabetes Management

International Journal of Clinical Practice

Volumn 64, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 305-315

  Aschner, P ^a   Horton, E ^b   Leiter, L A ^c   Munro, N ^d   Skyler, J S ^e  

^a Facultad de Medicina   (Colombia)

^b JOSLIN DIABETES CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^d CHELSEA AND WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASPARTAME; BIPHASIC INSULIN; GLUCOSE; INSULIN DETEMIR; INSULIN GLARGINE; INSULIN GLULISINE; INSULIN LISPRO; ISOPHANE INSULIN;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES CONTROL; DIABETIC PATIENT; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; FEAR; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HUMAN; HYPOGLYCEMIA; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; INTENSIVE CARE; MEDICAL PRACTICE; NEUROPATHY; PATIENT CARE; PHYSICIAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SELF MONITORING;

ADULT; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BLOOD GLUCOSE SELF-MONITORING; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHIES; HEMOGLOBIN A, GLYCOSYLATED; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; INSULIN; MENTAL DISORDERS; PATIENT EDUCATION AS TOPIC; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 74349088298     PISSN: 13685031     EISSN: 17421241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02296.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (87)

1. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. Brussels, Belgium : IDF, 2007.
2. DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Modern-day clinical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus after 30 years' duration: the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications and Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications experience (1983-2005). Arch Intern Med 2009 169 : 1307 1316.
3. Barrett JC, Clayton DG, Concannon P et al. Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis find that over 40 loci affect risk of type 1 diabetes. Nat Genet 2009 41 : 703 707.
4. Concannon P, Rich SS, Nepom GT. Genetics of type 1A diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009 360 : 1646 1654.
5. Bruno G, Cerutti F, Merletti F et al. Residual beta-cell function and male/female ratio are higher in incident young adults than in children: the registry of type 1 diabetes of the province of Turin, Italy, 1984-2000. Diabetes Care 2005 28 : 312 317.
6. DCCT Research Group. Effect of intensive therapy on residual beta-cell function in patients with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1998 128 : 517 523.
7. DCCT Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993 329 : 977 986.
8. Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY et al. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group. N Engl J Med 2005 353 : 2643 2653.
9. White NH, Sun W, Cleary PA et al. Prolonged effect of intensive therapy on the risk of retinopathy complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: 10 years after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Arch Ophthalmol 2008 126 : 1707 1715.
10. Calvert M, Shankar A, McManus RJ et al. Effect of the quality and outcomes framework on diabetes care in the United Kingdom: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2009 338 : b1870.
11. American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. In 2007. Diabetes Care 2008 31 : 596 615.
12. Del Prato S, Felton A-M, Munro N et al. Improving glucose management: ten steps to get more patients with type 2 diabetes to goal. Recommendations from the Global Partnership for Effective Diabetes Management. Int J Clin Pract 2005 59 : 1345 1355.
13. Del Prato S, Horton E, Nesto R et al. We have the evidence, we need to act to improve diabetes care. Int J Clin Pract 2007 61 (Suppl. 157 9 15.
14. Lachin JM, Genuth S, Nathan DM et al. Effect of glycemic exposure on the risk of microvascular complications in the diabetes control and complications trial - revisited. Diabetes 2008 57 : 995 1001.
15. DeVries JH, Snoek FJ, Heine RJ. Persistent poor glycaemic control in adult Type 1 diabetes. A closer look at the problem. Diabet Med 2004 21 : 1263 1268.
16. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2009. Diabetes Care 2009 32 (Suppl. 1 S13 61.
17. Canadian Diabetes Association. Clinical practise guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes in Canada, 2008. Can J Diabetes 2008 32 (Suppl. 1 S1 201.
18. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Type 1 Diabetes: Diagnosis and Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Children, Young People and Adults. Clinical Guideline 15. London, UK : NICE, 2004.
19. Cheng AYY, Zinman B. Chapter 39: principles of insulin therapy. In : Kahn CR, Weir GC, King GL et al., eds. Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus. Boston, MA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005 : 559 670.
20. Warren E, Weatherley-Jones E, Chilcott J et al. Systematic review and economic evaluation of a long-acting insulin analogue, insulin glargine. Health Technol Assess 2004 8 : 1 57.
21. Wang F, Carabino JM, Vergara CM. Insulin glargine: a systematic review of a long-acting insulin analogue. Clin Ther 2003 25 : 1541 1577.
22. Dunn CJ, Plosker GL, Keating GM et al. Insulin glargine: an updated review of its use in the management of diabetes mellitus. Drugs 2003 63 : 1743 1778.
23. Chapman TM, Perry CM. Insulin detemir: a review of its use in the management of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs 2004 64 : 2577 2595.
24. Goldman-Levine JD, Lee KW. Insulin detemir - a new basal insulin analog. Ann Pharmacother 2005 39 : 502 507.
25. Mullins P, Sharplin P, Yki-Jarvinen H et al. Negative binomial meta-regression analysis of combined glycosylated hemoglobin and hypoglycemia outcomes across eleven Phase III and IV studies of insulin glargine compared with neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther 2007 29 : 1607 1619.
26. Plank J, Siebenhofer A, Berghold A et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of short-acting insulin analogues in patients with diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2005 165 : 1337 1344.
27. Siebenhofer A, Plank J, Berghold A et al. Short acting insulin analogues versus regular human insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006 : CD003287.
28. Pickup JC, Sutton AJ. Severe hypoglycaemia and glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetes: meta-analysis of multiple daily insulin injections compared with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabet Med 2008 25 : 765 774.
29. Jeitler K, Horvath K, Berghold A et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily insulin injections in patients with diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 2008 51 : 941 951.
30. Retnakaran R, Hochman J, DeVries JH et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections: the impact of baseline A1c. Diabetes Care 2004 27 : 2590 2596.
31. Samann A, Muhlhauser I, Bender R et al. Glycaemic control and severe hypoglycaemia following training in flexible, intensive insulin therapy to enable dietary freedom in people with type 1 diabetes: a prospective implementation study. Diabetologia 2005 48 : 1965 1970.
32. Muhlhauser I, Bruckner I, Berger M et al. Evaluation of an intensified insulin treatment and teaching programme as routine management of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. The Bucharest-Dusseldorf Study. Diabetologia 1987 30 : 681 690.
33. Muhlhauser I, Jorgens V, Berger M et al. Bicentric evaluation of a teaching and treatment programme for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients: improvement of metabolic control and other measures of diabetes care for up to 22 months. Diabetologia 1983 25 : 470 476.
34. DAFNE Study Group. Training in flexible, intensive insulin management to enable dietary freedom in people with type 1 diabetes: dose adjustment for normal eating (DAFNE) randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2002 325 : 746.
35. Shearer A, Bagust A, Sanderson D et al. Cost-effectiveness of flexible intensive insulin management to enable dietary freedom in people with Type 1 diabetes in the UK. Diabet Med 2004 21 : 460 467.
36. Plotnikoff RC, Taylor LM, Wilson PM et al. Factors associated with physical activity in Canadian adults with diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006 38 : 1526 1534.
37. Brazeau AS, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Strychar I et al. Barriers to physical activity among patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2008 31 : 2108 2109.
38. Wallace TM, Matthews DR. Recent advances in the monitoring and management of diabetic ketoacidosis. QJM 2004 97 : 773 780.
39. Hirsch IB, Bode BW, Childs BP et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in insulin- and non-insulin-using adults with diabetes: consensus recommendations for improving SMBG accuracy, utilization, and research. Diabetes Technol Ther 2008 10 : 419 439.
40. Sheppard P, Bending JJ, Huber JW. Pre- and post-prandial capillary glucose self-monitoring achieves better glycaemic control than pre-prandial only monitoring. A study in insulin treated diabetic patients. Practical Diabetes Int 2005 22 : 15 22.
41. Karter AJ, Ackerson LM, Darbinian JA et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels and glycemic control: the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes registry. Am J Med 2001 111 : 1 9.
42. Karter AJ, Ferrara A, Darbinian JA et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose: language and financial barriers in a managed care population with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000 23 : 477 483.
43. Nyomba BL, Berard L, Murphy LJ. The cost of self-monitoring of blood glucose is an important factor limiting glycemic control in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2002 25 : 1244 1245.
44. Deiss D, Bolinder J, Riveline JP et al. Improved glycemic control in poorly controlled patients with type 1 diabetes using real-time continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care 2006 29 : 2730 2732.
45. Garg S, Zisser H, Schwartz S et al. Improvement in glycemic excursions with a transcutaneous, real-time continuous glucose sensor: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2006 29 : 44 50.
46. Tamborlane WV, Beck RW, Bode BW et al. Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008 359 : 1464 1476.
47. JDRF CGM Study Group. The effect of continuous glucose monitoring in well-controlled type 1 diabetes. Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group. Diabetes Care 2009 32 : 1378 1383.
48. JDRF CGM Study Group. Sustained benefit of continuous glucose monitoring on HbA1c, glucose profiles, and hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009 32 : 2047 2049.
49. Weinzimer SA, Steil GM, Swan KL et al. Fully automated closed-loop insulin delivery versus semiautomated hybrid control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes using an artificial pancreas. Diabetes Care 2008 31 : 934 939.
50. Frier BM. How hypoglycaemia can affect the life of a person with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008 24 : 87 92.
51. IDF. Desktop Guide to Type 1 (Insulin-Dependent) Diabetes. Brussels : IDF, 1998.
52. DCCT Research Group. Epidemiology of severe hypoglycemia in the diabetes control and complications trial. Am J Med 1991 90 : 450 459.
53. DCCT Research Group. Hypoglycemia in the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes 1997 46 : 271 286.
54. UK Hypoglycaemia Study Group. Risk of hypoglycaemia in types 1 and 2 diabetes: effects of treatment modalities and their duration. Diabetologia 2007 50 : 1140 1147.
55. Steffes MW, Sibley S, Jackson M et al. Beta-cell function and the development of diabetes-related complications in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Care 2003 26 : 832 836.
56. Geddes J, Schopman JE, Zammitt NN et al. Prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in adults with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2008 25 : 501 504.
57. Dagogo-Jack S, Rattarasarn C, Cryer PE. Reversal of hypoglycemia unawareness, but not defective glucose counterregulation, in IDDM. Diabetes 1994 43 : 1426 1434.
58. Fanelli C, Pampanelli S, Epifano L et al. Long-term recovery from unawareness, deficient counterregulation and lack of cognitive dysfunction during hypoglycaemia, following institution of rational, intensive insulin therapy in IDDM. Diabetologia 1994 37 : 1265 1276.
59. Soedamah-Muthu SS, Fuller JH, Mulnier HE et al. High risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes in the U.K.: a cohort study using the General Practise Research Database. Diabetes Care 2006 29 : 798 804.
60. Gerstein HC, Mann JF, Yi Q et al. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. JAMA 2001 286 : 421 426.
61. Beijers HJ, Ferreira I, Bravenboer B et al. Microalbuminuria and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction are independently associated with cardiovascular mortality: evidence for distinct pathways. The Hoorn Study. Diabetes Care 2009 32 : 1698 1703.
62. Tuomilehto J, Borch-Johnsen K, Molarius A et al. Incidence of cardiovascular disease in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects with and without diabetic nephropathy in Finland. Diabetologia 1998 41 : 784 790.
63. Jensen T, Borch-Johnsen K, Kofoed-Enevoldsen A et al. Coronary heart disease in young type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy: incidence and risk factors. Diabetologia 1987 30 : 144 148.
64. Groop PH, Thomas MC, Moran JL et al. The presence and severity of chronic kidney disease predicts all-cause mortality in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2009 58 : 1651 1658.
65. Stehouwer CD, Smulders YM. Microalbuminuria and risk for cardiovascular disease: Analysis of potential mechanisms. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006 17 : 2106 2111.
66. Borch-Johnsen K, Kreiner S. Proteinuria: value as predictor of cardiovascular mortality in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 1987 294 : 1651 1654.
67. Nathan DM, Lachin J, Cleary P et al. Intensive diabetes therapy and carotid intima-media thickness in type 1 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2003 348 : 2294 2303.
68. McGill M, Molyneaux L, Twigg SM et al. The metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes: does it exist and does it matter? J Diabetes Complications 2008 22 : 18 23.
69. Thorn LM, Forsblom C, Waden J et al. Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, mortality, and progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009 32 : 950 952.
70. Snell-Bergeon JK, Chartier-Logan C, Maahs DM et al. Adults with type 1 diabetes eat a high-fat atherogenic diet that is associated with coronary artery calcium. Diabetologia 2009 52 : 801 809.
71. Pambianco G, Costacou T, Ellis D et al. The 30-year natural history of type 1 diabetes complications: the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study experience. Diabetes 2006 55 : 1463 1469. (Pubitemid 44195388)
72. Zgibor JC, Wilson RR, Orchard TJ. Has control of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension in type 1 diabetes improved over time? Diabetes Care 2005 28 : 521 526.
73. Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Collins R et al. Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2008 371 : 117 125.
74. Collins MM, Corcoran P, Perry IJ. Anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with diabetes. Diabet Med 2009 26 : 153 161.
75. Gendelman N, Snell-Bergeon JK, McFann K et al. Prevalence and correlates of depression in individuals with and without type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009 32 : 575 579.
76. Roy MS, Peng B, Roy A. Risk factors for coronary disease and stroke in previously hospitalized African-Americans with Type 1 diabetes: a 6-year follow-up. Diabet Med 2007 24 : 1361 1368.
77. Van Tilburg MA, McCaskill CC, Lane JD et al. Depressed mood is a factor in glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. Psychosom Med 2001 63 : 551 555.
78. Zhang X, Norris SL, Gregg EW et al. Depressive symptoms and mortality among persons with and without diabetes. Am J Epidemiol 2005 161 : 652 660.
79. de Groot M, Anderson R, Freedland KE et al. Association of depression and diabetes complications: a meta-analysis. Psychosom Med 2001 63 : 619 630. (Pubitemid 32695143)
80. Roy MS, Roy A, Affouf M. Depression is a risk factor for poor glycemic control and retinopathy in African-Americans with type 1 diabetes. Psychosom Med 2007 69 : 537 542.
81. Spitzer C, Volzke H, Barnow S et al. Association between depression and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2008 25 : 349 354.
82. Egede LE, Zheng D, Simpson K. Comorbid depression is associated with increased health care use and expenditures in individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002 25 : 464 470.
83. Gonzalez JS, Peyrot M, McCarl LA et al. Depression and diabetes treatment nonadherence: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2008 31 : 2398 2403.
84. Colton PA, Olmsted MP, Daneman D et al. Five-year prevalence and persistence of disturbed eating behavior and eating disorders in girls with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007 30 : 2861 2862.
85. Rodin G, Olmsted MP, Rydall AC et al. Eating disorders in young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Psychosom Res 2002 53 : 943 949.
86. Rydall AC, Rodin GM, Olmsted MP et al. Disordered eating behavior and microvascular complications in young women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1997 336 : 1849 1854.
87. Meneghini L. Demonstrating strategies for initiation of insulin therapy: matching the right insulin to the right patient. Int J Clin Pract 2008 62 : 1255 1264.