Cultural differences in emotional responses to success and failure

International Journal of Behavioral Development

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 53-61

  Lewis, Michael ^a   Takai Kawakami, Kiyoko ^b   Kawakami, Kiyobumi ^c   Sullivan, Margaret Wolan ^a  

^a ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b JAPAN WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c University of the Sacred Heart   (Japan)

Author keywords

American; Culture; Embarrassment; Emotion; Japanese; Pride; Self evaluative; Shame

Indexed keywords

ACHIEVEMENT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGE DETERMINATION; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CONSCIOUSNESS LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURAL VALUE; EMOTION; EUROPE; EUROPEAN AMERICAN; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; JAPANESE; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SELF CONCEPT; SELF EVALUATION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SHAME; SOCIALIZATION; TASK PERFORMANCE; TEMPERAMENT; WESTERN HEMISPHERE;

EID: 74049150511     PISSN: 01650254     EISSN: 14640651     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0165025409348559     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Akiyama, M. (1992). Cross-linguistic contrasts of verification and answering among children. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 21, 67-85.
2. Alessandri, S.M., & Lewis, M. (1993). Parental evaluation and its relation to shame and pride in young children. Sex Roles, 29, 335-343.
3. Benedict, R. (1946). The chrysanthemum and the sword. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin.
4. Bornstein, M., & Cote, L.R. (2001). Mother-infant interaction and acculturation: Behavioral comparisons in Japanese American and South American families. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25, 549-563.
5. Brazelton, T.B., Tobey, J.S., & Collier, G.A. (1969). Infant development in the Zinacanteco Indians of Southern Mexico. Pediatrics, 44, 274-283.
6. Camras, L.A., Meng, Z., Ujiie, T., Dharamsi, S., Miyake, K., Oster, H., Wang, L., Cruz, J., Murdoch, A., & Campos, J. (2002). Observing emotion in infants: Facial expression, body behavior, and rater judgments of responses to an expectancy-violating event. Emotion, 2, 179-193.
7. Camras, L.A., Oster, H., Campos, J., Campos, R., Ujiie, T., Miyake, K., Wang, L., & Meng, Z. (1998). Production of emotional facial expressions in European American, Japanese, and Chinese infants. Developmental Psychology, 34, 616-628.
8. Camras, L.A., Oster, H., Campos, J.J., Miyake, K., & Bradshaw, D. (1997). Japanese and American infants responses to arm restraint. In P. Ekman & E.L. Rosenberg (Eds.), What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Series in affective science (pp. 289-301)
9. Camras, L.A., Oster, H., Campos, J.J., Miyake, K., & Bradshaw, D. (1997). Japanese and American infants responses to arm restraint. In P. Ekman & E.L. Rosenberg (Eds.), What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Series in affective science (pp. 289-301). London: Oxford University Press. Caudill, W., & Weinstein, H. (1969). Maternal care and infant behavior in Japan and America. Psychiatry, 32, 12-43.
10. Dweck, C.S., Chiu, C., & Hong, Y. (1995). Implicit theories and their role in judgments and reactions: A world from two perspectives. Psychological Inquiry, 6, 267-285.
11. Edelmann, R.J., & Iwawaki, S. (1987). Self-reported expression and consequences of embarrassment in the United Kingdom and Japan. Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 30, 205-216.
12. Ferguson, T.J., Stegge, H., & Damhuis, I. (1991). Childrens understanding of guilt and shame. Child Development, 62, 827-839.
13. Fogel, A., Toda, S., & Kawai, M. (1988). Mother-infant face-to-face interaction in Japan and the United States: A laboratory comparison using 3-month old infants. Developmental Psychology, 24, 398-406.
14. Freedman, D.G. (1976). Infancy, biology, and culture. In L.P. Lipsitt (Ed.), Developmental psychobiology: The significance of infancy (pp. 33-54). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
15. Freedman, D.G., & Freedman, N. (1969). Behavioral differences between Chinese-American and American newborns. Nature, 224, 227.
16. Geppert, U. (1986). A coding system for analyzing behavioral expressions of self-evaluative emotions. Munich: Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research.
17. Geppert, U., & Gartmann, D. (1983). The emergence of self-evaluative emotions as consequences of achievement actions. Extended version of a poster presented at the seventh biennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development, Munich.
18. Hardin, J.W., & Hilbe, J.M. (2003). Generalized estimating equations. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
19. Heckhausen, H. (1988). Becoming aware of ones competence in the second year: Developmental progression within the mother-child dyad. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 11, 305-306.
20. Izard, C.E. (1995). Maximally Discriminative Movement System (revised). Newark: University of Delaware.
21. Kitayama, S., & Markus, H.R. (1999). Yin and Yang of the Japanese self: The cultural psychology of personality coherence. In D. Cervone & Y. Shoda (Eds.), The coherence of personality: Social-cognitive bases of consistency, variability, and organization (pp. 242-302). New York: Guilford Press.
22. Kitayama, S., Markus, H.R., Matsumoto, H., & Norasakkunkit, V. (1997). Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: Self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1245-1267.
23. Kitayama, S., Snibbe, A.C., Markus, H.R., & Suzuki, T. (2004). Is there any "free" choice? Self and dissonance in two cultures. Psychological Science, 15, 527-533.
24. Kochanska, G. (1995). Childrens temperament, mothers discipline, and security of attachment: Multiple pathways to emerging internalization. Child Development, 63, 597-615.
25. Lewis, M. (1989). Culture and biology: The role of temperament. In P. Zelazo & R. Barr (Eds.), Challenges to developmental paradigms (pp. 203-223). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
26. Lewis, M. (1992). Shame: The exposed self. New York: The Free Press.
27. Lewis, M. (1995). Embarrassment: The emotion of self exposure and evaluation. In J.P. Tangney & K.W. Fischer (Eds.), Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride (pp. 198-218). New York: Guilford Press.
28. Lewis, M., Alessandri, S.M., & Sullivan, M.W. (1992). Differences in shame and pride as a function of childrens achievement expectancies. Child Development, 63, 630-638.
29. Lewis, M., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1979). Social cognition and the acquisition of self. New York: Plenum.
30. Lewis, M., Miyake, K., Chen, S.J., & Kojima, H. (1986). Cultural differences in childrens emotion and knowledge emotional scripts. Unpublished manuscript.
31. Lewis, M., & Ramsay, D. (2002). Cortisol response to embarrassment and shame. Child Development, 73, 1034-1045.
32. Lewis, M., Ramsay, D.S., & Kawakami, K. (1993). Differences between Japanese infants and Caucasian American infants in behavioral and cortisol responses to inoculation. Child Development, 64, 1722-1731.
33. Lewis, M., Stanger, C., Sullivan, M.W., & Barone, P. (1991). Changes in embarrassment as a function of age, sex, and situation. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9, 485-492.
34. Lewis, M., & Sullivan, M.W. (2006). The development of self-conscious emotions. In A. Elliot & C. Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (pp. 185-201). New York: Guilford Press.
35. Lewis, M., Sullivan, M.W., Stanger, C., & Weiss, M. (1989). Self development and self-conscious emotions. Child Development, 60, 146-156.
36. Liang, K.Y., & Zeger, S.L. (1986). Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika, 73, 12-22.
37. Lutwak, N., Razzino, B.E., & Ferrari, J.R. (1998). Self-perception and moral affect: An exploratory analysis of subcultural diversity in guilt and shame emotions. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 13, 333-348.
38. Markus, H.R., & Kitayama, S. (1994). The cultural construction of self and emotion: Implications for social behavior. In S. Kitayama & H.R. Markus (Eds.), Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence (pp. 89-130). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
39. Miyake, K., & Yamazaki, K. (1995). Self-conscious emotions, child rearing, and child psychopathology in Japanese culture. In J.P. Tangney & K.W. Fischer (Eds.), Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride (pp. 488-504). New York: Guilford Press.
40. Ng, F.F., Pomerantz, E.M., & Lam, S. (2007). European American and Chinese parents responses to childrens success and failure: Implications for childrens responses. Developmental Psychology, 43, 1239-1255.
41. Rothbart, M.K., Ahadi, S.A., & Hershey, K.L. (1994). Temperament and social behavior in childhood. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40, 21-39.
42. Scherer, K.R., Matsumoto, D., Wallbott D., & Kudoh, T. (1988) Emotional experience in a cultural context: A comparison between Europe, Japan, and the United States. In K. Scherer (Ed.), Facets of emotion: Recent research (pp. 5-30). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
43. Skinner, E. (1991). Development and perceived control: A dynamic model of action in context. In M.R. Gunnar & L.A. Sroufe (Eds.), Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychiatry: Vol. 23 (pp. 167-216). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
44. Smiley, P.A., & Dweck, C.S. (1994). Individual differences in achievement goals among young children. Child Development, 65, 1723-1743.
45. Stigler, J.W., Smith, S., & Mao, L. (1985). The self-perception of competence by Chinese children. Child Development, 56, 1259-1270.
46. Stipek, D., Recchia, S., & McClintic, S. (1992). Self-evaluation in young children. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 57 (No. 1, Serial No. 226 ).
47. Whiting, R. (1990). You gotta have wa. New York: Vintage.
48. Zeger, S.L., & Liang, K.Y. (1986). Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics, 42, 121-130.