Methods of, and reasons for, emotional expression and control in children with internalizing, externalizing, and somatic problems in Urban India

Social Development

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 93-112

  Raval, Vaishali V ^a   Martini, Tanya S ^a   Raval, Pratiksha H ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR   (Canada)

^b GUJARAT UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Asian Indian; Emotion regulation; Psychopathology; School age children

Indexed keywords

EID: 74049142019     PISSN: 0961205X     EISSN: 14679507     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00528.x     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Achenbach, T. M. (1995). Empirically based assessment and taxonomy: Applications to clinical research. Psychological Assessment, 3, 261 274.
2. Achenbach, T. M. (2001). The child behavior checklist for ages 6-18. Burlington, VT : ASEBA, University of Vermont.
3. Achenbach, T. M. Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms and profiles. Burlington, VT : University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families.
4. American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed. text revision). Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association.
5. Cole, P. M., Bruschi, C. J. Tamang, B. L. (2002). Cultural differences in children's emotional reactions to difficult situations. Child Development, 73, 983 996.
6. Denham, S. A., Workman, E., Cole, P. M., Weissbrod, C., Kendziora, K. T. Zahn-Waxler, C. (2000). Prediction of externalizing behavior problems from early to middle childhood: The role of parental socialization and emotion expression. Development & Psychopathology, 12, 23 45.
7. Denham, S. A., Blair, K. A., DeMulder, E., Levitas, J., Sawyer, K., Auerback-Major, S., et al. (2003). Peschool emotional competence: Pathways to social competence. Child Development, 74, 238 256.
8. Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., Spinrad, T. L., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Reiser, M., et al. (2001). The relation of regulation and emotionality to children's externalizing and internalizing problem behavior. Child Development, 72, 1112 1134.
9. Eisenberg, N., Gershoff, E. T., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Cumberland, A. J., Losoya, S. H., et al. (2001). Mother's emotional expressivity and children's behavior problems and social competence: Mediation through children's regulation. Developmental Psychology, 37, 475 490.
10. Eisenberg, N., Liew, J. Pidada, S. U. (2004). The longitudinal relations of regulation and emotionality to quality of Indonesian children's socio-emotional functioning. Developmental Psychology, 40, 790 804.
11. Eisenberg, N., Losoya, S., Fabes, R. A., Guthrie, I. K., Reiser, M., Murphy, B., et al. (2001). Parental socialization of children's dysregulated expression of emotion and externalizing problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 183 205.
12. Eisenberg, N., Sadovsky, A., Spinrad, T. L., Fabes, R. A., Losoya, S. H., Valiente, C., et al. (2005). The relations of problem behavior status to children's negative emotionality, effortful control, and impulsivity: Concurrent relations and prediction of change. Developmental Psychology, 41, 193 211.
13. Eisenberg, N., Shepard, S. A., Fabes, R. A., Murphy, B. C. Guthrie, I. K. (1998). Shyness and children's emotionality, regulation, and coping: Contemporaneous, longitudinal, and across context relations. Child Development, 69, 767 790.
14. Gottman, J. M. Declaire, J. (1998). Raising an emotionally intelligent child. New York : Simon and Schuster Inc.
15. Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond culture. New York : Anchor Press /Doubleday.
16. Heubeck, B. G. (2000). Cross-cultural generalizability of CBCL syndromes across three continents: From the USA and Holland to Australia. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 439 450.
17. Izard, C. E., Fine, S., Mostow, A., Trentacosta, C. Campbell, J. (2002). Emotional processes in normal and abnormal development and preventive intervention. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 761 787.
18. Joshi, M. S. MacLean, M. (1994). Indian and English children's understanding of the distinction between real and apparent emotion. Child Development, 65, 1372 1384.
19. Kakar, S. (1978). The inner world. Delhi : Oxford University Press
20. Keltner, D., Moffitt, T. E. Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1995). Facial expressions of emotion and psychopathology adolescent boys. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 644 652.
21. Kirmayer, L. J. (1984). Culture, affect, and somatization. Transcultural Psychiatric Review, 21, 159 188.
22. Kirmayer, L. J. (2001). Cultural variations in the clinical presentation of depression and anxiety: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 22 28.
23. Kurtz, S. N. (1992). All the mothers are one: Hindu India and cultural reshaping of psychoanalysis. New York : Columbia University Press
24. Liu, X., Kurita, H., Guo, C., Tachimori, H., Ze, J. Okawa, M. (2000). Behavioral and emotional problems in Chinese children: Teacher reports for ages 6 to 11. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 253 260. (Pubitemid 30150715)
25. Markus, H. R. Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224 253.
26. Markus, H. R. Kitayama, S. (1994). The cultural construction of self and emotion: Implications for social behavior. In S. Kitayama H. R. Markus (Eds. Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence (pp. 89 130). Washington, DC : American Psychological Association.
27. Menon, U. (2000). Analyzing emotions as culturally constructed scripts. Culture and Psychology, 6, 40 50.
28. Office of the Registrar General, India (2003). India at a glance. Retrieved February 15, 2004, from http://www.censusindia.net/
29. Pai, S. G. (1998). Socialization of emotion in Asian Indian children: Child and parent perspectives. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Pennsylvania State University.
30. Raval, P., Raval, V. V., Panchal, I. Chakravorty, T. (2003, August). Child behavior checklist - Gujarati adaptation for Ages 6-18. Poster presented at the 111th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, ON.
31. Raval, V. V. Martini, T. S. (2009). Maternal socialization of children's anger, sadness, and physical pain in two communities in Gujarat, India. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33.
32. Raval, V. V., Martini, T. S. Raval, P. (2007 Would others think it's okay to express my feeling?': Regulation of anger, sadness, and physical pain in Gujarati children in India. Social Development, 16, 79 105.
33. Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A. Hershey, K. L. (1994). Temperament and social behaviors in childhood. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly. Special issue: Children's Emotions and Competence, 40, 21 39.
34. Saarni, C., Campos, J. J., Camras, L. A. Witherington, D. (2006). Emotional development: Action, communication, and understanding. In W. Damon, R. Lerner (Series Eds. N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed. Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 226 299). New York : Wiley.
35. Salovey, P., Rothman, A., Detweiler, J. Steward, W. (2000). Emotional states and physical health. American Psychologist, 55, 110 121.
36. Saraswathi, T. S. (2005). Hindu worldview in the development of self ways: The 'atman' as the real self. In L. A. Jensen R. W. Larsen (Eds. New horizons in developmental theory and research: New directions for child and adolescent development, Vol. 109 (pp. 43 50). Hoboken, NJ : Wiley.
37. Seymour, S. C. (1999). Women, family, and child care in India: A world in transition. New York : Cambridge University Press
38. Tabachnick, B. G. Fidell, L. S. (2006). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston : Allyn and Bacon.
39. Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO : Westview Press
40. Weisz, J. R., Weiss, B., Suwanlert, S. Chaiyasit, W. (2003). Syndromal structure of psychopathology in children of Thailand and the United States. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 375 385.
41. Zahn-Waxler, C., Cole, P. M., Richardson, D. T., Friedman, R. J., Michel, M. K. Belouad, F. (1994). Social problem solving in disruptive preschool children: Reactions to hypothetical situations of conflict and distress. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40, 98 119.
42. Zeman, J. Garber, J. (1996). Display rules for anger, sadness, and pain: It depends on who is watching. Child Development, 67, 957 973.
43. Zeman, J., Shipman, K. Suveg, C. (2002). Anger and sadness regulation: Predictions to internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 31, 393 398.
44. Zhou, Q., Eisenberg, N., Wang, Y. Reiser, M. (2004). Chinese children's effortful control and dispositional anger/frustration: Relations to parenting styles and children's social functioning. Developmental Psychology, 40, 352 366.