Diagnostic error and clinical reasoning

Medical Education

Volumn 44, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 94-100

  Norman, Geoffrey R ^a   Eva, Kevin W ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL; CLINICAL COMPETENCE; COGNITION; DIAGNOSTIC ERRORS; HUMANS; PHYSICIANS;

EID: 74049132802     PISSN: 03080110     EISSN: 13652923     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03507.x     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. Institute of Medicine. To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System (2000). Washington DC : National Academies Press 2000.
2. Graber ML. Diagnostic error in internal medicine. Arch Int Med 2005 165 : 1493 1499.
3. Elstein AS. Heuristics and biases: selected errors in clinical reasoning. Acad Med 1999 74 : 791 794.
4. Kuhn GJ. Diagnostic errors. Acad Emerg Med 2002 9 : 740 750.
5. Croskerry P. Achieving quality in clinical decision making: cognitive strategies and detection of bias. Acad Emerg Med 2002 9 : 1184 1204.
6. Berner ES, Graber ML. Overconfidence as a cause of diagnostic error in medicine. Am J Med 2008 121 2 33.
7. Mele AR. Real self-deception. Behav Brain Sci 1997 20 : 91 102.
8. Eva KW, Regehr G. Self-assessment in the health professions: a reformulation and research agenda. Acad Med 2005 80 46 54.
9. Elstein AS, Schwarz A. Clinical problem solving and diagnostic decision making: selective review of the cognitive literature. BMJ 2002 324 : 729 732.
10. Croskerry P. The cognitive imperative: thinking about how we think. Acad Emerg Med 2000 7 : 1223 1231.
11. Redelmeier D. The cognitive psychology of missed diagnoses. Ann Intern Med 2005 142 : 115 120.
12. Croskerry P. The importance of cognitive errors in diagnosis and strategies to minimise them. Acad Med 2003 78 : 775 780.
13. Croskerry P. Cognitive forcing strategies in clinical decision making. Ann Emerg Med 2003 41 : 110 119.
14. Mamede S, Schmidt HG, Rikers R. Diagnostic errors and reflective practice in medicine. J Eval Clin Pract 2007 13 : 138 145.
15. Kahnemann D, Tversky A. Choices, values, frames. Am J Psychol 1984 39 : 341 350.
16. Kahnemann D, Tversky A. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. New York, NY : Cambridge University Press 1982.
17. Wears RL, Nemath CP. Replacing hindsight with insight: toward better understanding of diagnostic failures. Ann Emerg Med 2007 49 : 206 209.
18. Gigerenzer G, Goldstein DG. Reasoning the fast and frugal way: modes of bounded rationality. Psychol Rev 1996 103 : 650 669.
19. Eva KW, Norman GR. Heuristics and biases: a biased perspective on clinical reasoning. Med Educ 2005 39 : 870 872.
20. Redelmeier DA, Shafir E, Aujla PS. The beguiling pursuit of more information. Med Decis Making 2001 21 : 376 381.
21. Norcini JJ, Shea JA, Day SC, Benson JA Jr. Trends in the medical knowledge and clinical competence of graduates of internal medicine residency training programmes. Acad Med 1991 66 58 60.
22. Norcini JJ, Lipner RS, Kimball HR. Certifying examination performance and patient outcomes following acute myocardial infarction. Med Educ 2002 36 : 853 859.
23. Tamblyn R, Abrahamowicz M, Dauphinee D et al. Physician scores on a national clinical skills examination as predictors of complaints to medical regulatory authorities. JAMA 2007 298 : 993 1001.
24. Eva KW. What every teacher needs to know about clinical reasoning. Med Educ 2005 39 : 98 106.
25. Norman G, Young M, Brooks L. Non-analytical models of clinical reasoning: the role of experience. Med Educ 2007 41 : 1140 1145.
26. Stanovich KE. Who is Rational? Studies of Individual Differences in Reasoning. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum 1999.
27. Evans JStBT. Dual processing accounts of reasoning, judgement and social cognition. Annu Rev Psychol 2008 59 : 255 278.
28. Medin D, Schaffer MM. A context theory of classification learning. Psychological Review 1978 85 : 207 238.
29. Croskerry P. Critical thinking and decision making: avoiding the perils of thin-slicing. Ann Emerg Med 2006 48 : 720 721.
30. Wilson TD, Schooner JW. Thinking too much: introspection can reduce the utility of personal preferences and decisions. J Pers Soc Psychol 1991 60 : 181 192.
31. Coderre S, Mandin H, Harasym PH, Fick GH. Diagnostic reasoning strategies and diagnostic success. Med Educ 2003 37 : 695 703.
32. Pretz JE. Intuition versus analysis: strategy and experience in complex everyday problem solving. Mem Cognit 2008 36 : 554 566.
33. Barrows HS, Neufeld VR, Feightner JW, Norman GR. The clinical reasoning process of randomly selected physicians in general medical practice. Clin Invest Med 1982 5 : 49 56.
34. Redelmeier DA, Ferris LE, Tu JV, Hux JE, Schull MJ. Problems for clinical judgement: introducing cognitive psychology as one more basic science. CMAJ 2001 164 : 358 360.
35. Graber M. Metacognitive training to reduce diagnostic errors: ready for prime time? Acad Med 2003 78 : 781.
36. Bargh J. The ecology of automaticity: toward establishing the conditions needed to produce automatic processing effects. Am J Psychol 1992 105 : 181 199.
37. Eva KW, Neville AJ, Norman GR. Exploring the aetiology of content specificity: factors influencing analogic transfer and problem solving. Acad Med 1998 73 1 5.
38. Hashem A, Chi MTH, Friedman CP. Medical errors as a result of specialisation. J Biomed Inform 2003 36 : 61 9.
39. Eva KW, Hatala RM, LeBlanc VR, Brooks LR. Teaching from the clinical reasoning literature: combined reasoning strategies help novice diagnosticians overcome misleading information. Med Educ 2007 41 : 1152 1158.