The Brazilian experiment: HIV drugs for all

Journal of Health Care Finance

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 90-96

  Flaer, Paul J ^a,b,c   Younis, Mustafa Z ^d  

^a FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b JACKSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d JACKSON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Brazil; Compulsory licensing; Developing countries; HIV AIDS drugs; WHO UNAIDS

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; BRAZIL; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; EPIDEMIC; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH CARE; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; JUSTICE; LICENSING; PATENT; REVIEW; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ANTI-RETROVIRAL AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; BRAZIL; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DRUG INDUSTRY; FINANCING, GOVERNMENT; HEALTH POLICY; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS; PATENTS AS TOPIC; UNIVERSAL COVERAGE; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 74049127901     PISSN: 10786767     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Berkman, A, Garcia, J, Muñoz-Laboy, M, Paiva, V, and Parker, R, (2005), "A Critical Analysis of the Brazilian Response to HIV/AIDS: Lessons Learned for Controlling and Mitigating the Epidemic in Developing Countries," American Journal of Public Health, 95:7, 1162-1172.
2. Galvão, J, (2002), "Access to Antiretroviral Drugs in Brazil, The Lancet, retrieved on Mar. 31, 2009, from http:/image/thelancet. com/extras/01 art9038web.pdf/.
3. Id.
4. WHO (2007), World Health Organization Joint Report (WHO/UNAIDS/UNICEF), "Towards Universal Access: Scaling up Priority HIV/AIDS Interventions in the Health Sector (Progress Report, Apr. 2007), retrieved on Apr. 6, 2009, from http://www.who.int/ hiv/mediacentre/universal-access-progress-report-en.pdf/ ;
5. Biehl, J, (2008), "Drugs for All: The Future of Global AIDS Treatment (Editorial)," Medical Anthropology, 27:2, 99-105.
6. Supra, ns.2, 1.
7. Supra, n.4.
8. Supra, n.1.
9. Id.
10. Noble, R, (2004), "What Is the Difference Between HIV-1 and HIV-2?" Comprehensive AIDS Program of Palm Beach County (Florida, USA), Inc., retrieved on Apr. 3, 2009, from http://www.cappbc.org/index. cfm?fuseaction=pages. DifferenceHIV-1 -HIV-2.
11. Biehl, J, (2008), "Drugs for All: The Future of Global AIDS Treatment (Editorial)," Medical Anthropology, 27:2, 99-105.
12. Supra, n.1.
13. Pembrey, G, (2008), "HIV & AIDS in Brazil," retrieved on Jan. 31, 2009, from http://www. avert.org/aids-brazil.htm/.
14. Id.
15. Supra, n.1.
16. Cohen, J, (2006), "Brazil: Ten Years After," Science, 313,484-487.
17. Supra, n.10.
18. Brazil, (1988), Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil (with reforms through 1996), retrieved on Apr. 4, 2009, from http:// pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Brazil/ brtitle1.html/.
19. Declaration of Alma-Ata (1978), International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, USSR, Sept. 6-12.
20. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986), First International Conference on Health Promotion, Nov. 21, WHO/HPR/HEP/95.1.
21. Supra, n.10.
22. Supra, n.2.
23. Supra, n.10.
24. Id.
25. Id.
26. Supra, ns.2, 10.
27. Nunn, AS, Fonseca, EM, Bastos, Fl, Gruskin, S, and Salomon, JA, (2007), "Evolution of Antiretroviral Drug Costs in Brazil in the Context of Free and Universal Access to AIDS Treatment," PIoS Medicine, 4:11,1804-1817.
28. Supra, n.17.
29. Supra, n.10 at 103.
30. Supra, n.10.
31. Id.
32. Portela, MC, and Lotrowska, M, (2006), "Health Care to HIV/AIDS Patients in Brazil," Rev Saude Publica, 40, 70-79.
33. Supra, n.15.
34. Id.
35. Supra, n.31.
36. Supra, n.26.
37. Paiva, V, Pupo, LR, and Barboza, R, (2006), "The Right to Prevention and the Challenges of Reducing Vulnerability to HIV in Brazil," Rev Saude Publica, 40, 109-119.
38. Id.
39. Supra, n.1.
40. Supra, n.2.