메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 82, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 156-164

Evidence for pleistocene population divergence and expansion of anopheles albimanus in southern Central America

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA;

EID: 74049117494     PISSN: 00029637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0423     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 34250011237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization
    • Pan American Health Organization, 2006. Regional Strategic Plan for Malaria in the Americas 2006-2010. Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization.
    • (2006) Regional Strategic Plan for Malaria in the Americas 2006-2010
  • 2
    • 67651229627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministerio Nacional de Salud de Panamá, Boletín Epidemiológico. Available at:, Accessed May 4, 2009
    • Ministerio Nacional de Salud de Panamá, 2007. Análisis de la Situación de Malaria en Panamá. Boletín Epidemiológico. Available at: http://www.minsa.gob.pa. Accessed May 4, 2009.
    • (2007) Análisis de la Situación de Malaria en Panamá
  • 3
    • 52749098925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species composition and distribution of adult Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in Panama
    • Loaiza JR, Bermingham E, Scott ME, Rovira JR, Conn JE, 2008. Species composition and distribution of adult Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in Panama. J Med Entomol 45: 841-851.
    • (2008) J Med Entomol , vol.45 , pp. 841-851
    • Loaiza, J.R.1    Bermingham, E.2    Scott, M.E.3    Rovira, J.R.4    Conn, J.E.5
  • 7
    • 42149169666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite data suggest significant population structure and differentiation within the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi in Central and South America
    • Mirabello L, Vineis JH, Yanoviak SP, Scarpassa VM, Povoa MM, Padilla N, Nicole LA, Conn JE, 2008. Microsatellite data suggest significant population structure and differentiation within the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi in Central and South America. BMC Ecol 8: 3.
    • (2008) BMC Ecol , vol.8 , pp. 3
    • Mirabello, L.1    Vineis, J.H.2    Yanoviak, S.P.3    Scarpassa, V.M.4    Povoa, M.M.5    Padilla, N.6    Nicole, L.A.7    Conn, J.E.8
  • 8
    • 0034079161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure and population history of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in Southeast Asia
    • Walton C, Handley JM, Tun-Lin W, 2000. Population structure and population history of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in Southeast Asia. Mol Biol Evol 17: 962-974.
    • (2000) Mol Biol Evol , vol.17 , pp. 962-974
    • Walton, C.1    Handley, J.M.2    Tun-Lin, W.3
  • 10
  • 11
    • 74049099991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faran ME, 1980. Mosquito studies (Diptera: Culicidae) XXXIV. A revision of the Albimanus section of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus of Anopheles, contrib. Am Entomol Inst 15: 1-215.
    • Faran ME, 1980. Mosquito studies (Diptera: Culicidae) XXXIV. A revision of the Albimanus section of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus of Anopheles, contrib. Am Entomol Inst 15: 1-215.
  • 12
    • 0015402950 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the ecology of Anopheles albimanus
    • Breeland SG, 1972. Studies on the ecology of Anopheles albimanus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 21: 751-754.
    • (1972) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.21 , pp. 751-754
    • Breeland, S.G.1
  • 13
    • 0022732741 scopus 로고
    • The biting and resting behavior of Anopheles albimanus in northern Haiti
    • Hobbs J, Sexton J, St. Jean Y, Jacques J, 1986. The biting and resting behavior of Anopheles albimanus in northern Haiti. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2: 150-153.
    • (1986) J Am Mosq Control Assoc , vol.2 , pp. 150-153
    • Hobbs, J.1    Sexton, J.2    St. Jean, Y.3    Jacques, J.4
  • 14
    • 0343526508 scopus 로고
    • Structure of ribosomal DNA in Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae)
    • Beach RF, Mills D, Collins FH, 1989. Structure of ribosomal DNA in Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 81: 641-648.
    • (1989) Ann Entomol Soc Am , vol.81 , pp. 641-648
    • Beach, R.F.1    Mills, D.2    Collins, F.H.3
  • 15
    • 0026214496 scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure of natural populations of Anopheles albimanus in Colombia
    • Narang SK, Seawright JA, Suarez MF, 1991. Genetic structure of natural populations of Anopheles albimanus in Colombia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 7: 337-345.
    • (1991) J Am Mosq Control Assoc , vol.7 , pp. 337-345
    • Narang, S.K.1    Seawright, J.A.2    Suarez, M.F.3
  • 16
    • 0028828508 scopus 로고
    • Variation in ribosomal DNA intergenic spacers among populations of Anopheles albimanus in South and Central America
    • De Merida AM, De Mata MP, Molina E, Porter CH, Black WC, 1995. Variation in ribosomal DNA intergenic spacers among populations of Anopheles albimanus in South and Central America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 469-477.
    • (1995) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.53 , pp. 469-477
    • De Merida, A.M.1    De Mata, M.P.2    Molina, E.3    Porter, C.H.4    Black, W.C.5
  • 17
    • 0017281098 scopus 로고
    • Studies on human malaria in Aotus monkeys. VII. Comparative infectivity of two strains of Plasmodium vivax to Anopheles free-borni, An. maculatus, and four strains of An. albimanus
    • Collins WE, Skinner JC, Warren M, Richardson B, 1976. Studies on human malaria in Aotus monkeys. VII. Comparative infectivity of two strains of Plasmodium vivax to Anopheles free-borni, An. maculatus, and four strains of An. albimanus. J Parasitol 62: 190-194.
    • (1976) J Parasitol , vol.62 , pp. 190-194
    • Collins, W.E.1    Skinner, J.C.2    Warren, M.3    Richardson, B.4
  • 18
    • 0042685629 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization, Pan American Sanitary Bureau Regional Office of the World Health Organization
    • Frederickson EC, 1993. Bionomics and Control of Anopheles albimanus. Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization, Pan American Sanitary Bureau Regional Office of the World Health Organization.
    • (1993) Bionomics and Control of Anopheles albimanus
    • Frederickson, E.C.1
  • 19
    • 26844492837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative susceptibility of three species of Anopheles from Belize, Central America, to Plasmodium falciparum (Nf-54)
    • Grieco JP, Achee NL, Roberts DR, Andre RG, 2005. Comparative susceptibility of three species of Anopheles from Belize, Central America, to Plasmodium falciparum (Nf-54). J Am Mosq Control Assoc 21: 279-290.
    • (2005) J Am Mosq Control Assoc , vol.21 , pp. 279-290
    • Grieco, J.P.1    Achee, N.L.2    Roberts, D.R.3    Andre, R.G.4
  • 20
    • 38449106305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mark release-recapture study to define the flight behaviours of Anopheles vestitipennis and An. albimanus in Belize, Central America
    • Achee NA, Achee N, Grieco JP, Andre RG, Rejmankova E, Roberts DR, 2007. A mark release-recapture study to define the flight behaviours of Anopheles vestitipennis and An. albimanus in Belize, Central America. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 3: 276-282.
    • (2007) J Am Mosq Control Assoc , vol.3 , pp. 276-282
    • Achee, N.A.1    Achee, N.2    Grieco, J.P.3    Andre, R.G.4    Rejmankova, E.5    Roberts, D.R.6
  • 23
    • 34548071394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biogeography and population genetics of neotropical vector species
    • Conn JE, Mirabello L, 2007. The biogeography and population genetics of neotropical vector species. Heredity 99: 245-256.
    • (2007) Heredity , vol.99 , pp. 245-256
    • Conn, J.E.1    Mirabello, L.2
  • 24
    • 0034268426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of local geographic barriers and latitude on population structure in Anopheles punctipennis (Diptera: Culicidae)
    • Fairley TL, Renaud TM, Conn JE, 2000. Effects of local geographic barriers and latitude on population structure in Anopheles punctipennis (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 37: 754-760.
    • (2000) J Med Entomol , vol.37 , pp. 754-760
    • Fairley, T.L.1    Renaud, T.M.2    Conn, J.E.3
  • 25
    • 33645551169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular population genetics of the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi in Central and South America
    • Mirabello L, Conn JE, 2006. Molecular population genetics of the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi in Central and South America. Heredity 96: 311-321.
    • (2006) Heredity , vol.96 , pp. 311-321
    • Mirabello, L.1    Conn, J.E.2
  • 26
    • 0025391016 scopus 로고
    • Illustrated key to the female anopheline mosquitoes of Central America and Mexico
    • Wilkerson RC, Strickman D, 1990. Illustrated key to the female anopheline mosquitoes of Central America and Mexico. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 6: 7-34.
    • (1990) J Am Mosq Control Assoc , vol.6 , pp. 7-34
    • Wilkerson, R.C.1    Strickman, D.2
  • 27
    • 0030209597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The insect cytochrome oxidase I gene: Evolutionary patterns and conserved primers for phylogenetic studies
    • Lunt DH, Zhang DX, Szymura JM, Hewitt GM, 1996. The insect cytochrome oxidase I gene: evolutionary patterns and conserved primers for phylogenetic studies. Insect Mol Biol 5: 153-165.
    • (1996) Insect Mol Biol , vol.5 , pp. 153-165
    • Lunt, D.H.1    Zhang, D.X.2    Szymura, J.M.3    Hewitt, G.M.4
  • 28
    • 74049098852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swofford DL, 2003. PAUP (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony) and Other Methods, Version 4. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates
    • Swofford DL, 2003. PAUP (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony) and Other Methods, Version 4. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
  • 29
    • 74049085689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maddison WP, Maddison DR, 1997. MacClade: Analysis of Phylogeny and Character Evolution, Version 3.07. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates
    • Maddison WP, Maddison DR, 1997. MacClade: Analysis of Phylogeny and Character Evolution, Version 3.07. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
  • 30
    • 34547781750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S, 2007. MEGA 4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24: 1596-1599
    • Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S, 2007. MEGA 4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24: 1596-1599.
  • 31
    • 0033771358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TCS: A computer program to estimate gene genealogies
    • Clement M, Posada D, Crandall KA, 2000. TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Mol Ecol 9: 1657-1659.
    • (2000) Mol Ecol 9 , pp. 1657-1659
    • Clement, M.1    Posada, D.2    Crandall, K.A.3
  • 32
    • 0034100234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GeoDis: A program for the cladistic nested analysis of the geographical distribution of genetic haplotypes
    • Posada D, Crandall KA, Templeton AR, 2000. GeoDis: a program for the cladistic nested analysis of the geographical distribution of genetic haplotypes. Mol Ecol 9: 487-488.
    • (2000) Mol Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 487-488
    • Posada, D.1    Crandall, K.A.2    Templeton, A.R.3
  • 33
    • 0027285731 scopus 로고
    • Empirical tests of some predictions from coalescent theory with applications to intraspecific phylogeny reconstruction
    • Crandall KA, Templeton AR, 1993. Empirical tests of some predictions from coalescent theory with applications to intraspecific phylogeny reconstruction. Genetics 134: 959-969.
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.134 , pp. 959-969
    • Crandall, K.A.1    Templeton, A.R.2
  • 34
    • 0141836188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene flow and population history in high dispersal marine invertebrates: Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Holothuria nobilis (Echinodermata: Holoturoidea) populations from the Indo-Pacific
    • Uthicke S, Benzie JAH, 2003. Gene flow and population history in high dispersal marine invertebrates: mitochondrial DNA analysis of Holothuria nobilis (Echinodermata: Holoturoidea) populations from the Indo-Pacific. Mol Ecol 12: 2635-2648.
    • (2003) Mol Ecol , vol.12 , pp. 2635-2648
    • Uthicke, S.1    Benzie, J.A.H.2
  • 35
    • 74049146556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excoffier L, Laval G, Schmeider S, 2005. Arlequin version 3.0, an integrated software package for population genetic data analysis. Evol Bioinform Online 1: 47-50
    • Excoffier L, Laval G, Schmeider S, 2005. Arlequin (version 3.0): an integrated software package for population genetic data analysis. Evol Bioinform Online 1: 47-50.
  • 36
    • 0014054519 scopus 로고
    • The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach
    • Mantel N, 1967. The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res 27: 209-220.
    • (1967) Cancer Res , vol.27 , pp. 209-220
    • Mantel, N.1
  • 38
    • 0024313579 scopus 로고
    • Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphisms
    • Tajima F, 1989. Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphisms. Genetics 123: 585-595.
    • (1989) Genetics , vol.123 , pp. 585-595
    • Tajima, F.1
  • 39
    • 0027453041 scopus 로고
    • Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations
    • Fu YX, Li WH, 1993. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations. Genetics 133: 693-709.
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.133 , pp. 693-709
    • Fu, Y.X.1    Li, W.H.2
  • 40
    • 0030821992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection
    • Fu YX, 1997. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection. Genetics 147: 915-925.
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.147 , pp. 915-925
    • Fu, Y.X.1
  • 41
    • 0036897674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical properties of new neutrality tests against population growth
    • Ramos-Onsins SE, Rozas J, 2002. Statistical properties of new neutrality tests against population growth. Mol Biol Evol 19: 2092-2100.
    • (2002) Mol Biol Evol , vol.19 , pp. 2092-2100
    • Ramos-Onsins, S.E.1    Rozas, J.2
  • 43
    • 0347513220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescence and other methods
    • Rozas J, Sanchez-Del Rio JC, Messeguer X, Rozas R, 2003. DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescence and other methods. Bioinformatics 19: 2496-2497.
    • (2003) Bioinformatics , vol.19 , pp. 2496-2497
    • Rozas, J.1    Sanchez-Del Rio, J.C.2    Messeguer, X.3    Rozas, R.4
  • 46
    • 0000621581 scopus 로고
    • Genetic evidence for a Pleistocene population explosion
    • Rogers AR, 1995. Genetic evidence for a Pleistocene population explosion. Evolution 49: 608-615.
    • (1995) Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 608-615
    • Rogers, A.R.1
  • 47
    • 0027157960 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees
    • Tamura K, Nei M, 1993. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol 10: 512-526.
    • (1993) Mol Biol Evol , vol.10 , pp. 512-526
    • Tamura, K.1    Nei, M.2
  • 48
    • 0028456728 scopus 로고
    • Root probabilities for intraspecific gene trees under neutral coalescent theory
    • Castelloe J, Templeton AR, 1994. Root probabilities for intraspecific gene trees under neutral coalescent theory. Mol Phyl Evol 3: 102-113.
    • (1994) Mol Phyl Evol , vol.3 , pp. 102-113
    • Castelloe, J.1    Templeton, A.R.2
  • 49
    • 0022885993 scopus 로고
    • Rate of nucleotide substitution in Drosophila mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA are similar
    • Powell JR, Caccone A, Amato GD, Yoon C, 1986. Rate of nucleotide substitution in Drosophila mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA are similar. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 9090-9093.
    • (1986) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.83 , pp. 9090-9093
    • Powell, J.R.1    Caccone, A.2    Amato, G.D.3    Yoon, C.4
  • 50
    • 44349117889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population analysis using the nuclear white gene detects Pliocene/Pleistocene lineage divergence within Anopheles nuneztovari in South America
    • Mirabello L, Conn JE, 2008. Population analysis using the nuclear white gene detects Pliocene/Pleistocene lineage divergence within Anopheles nuneztovari in South America. Med Vet Entomol 22: 109-119.
    • (2008) Med Vet Entomol , vol.22 , pp. 109-119
    • Mirabello, L.1    Conn, J.E.2
  • 51
    • 33745020110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure of the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi in a malaria-endemic region of eastern Amazonian Brazil
    • Conn JE, Vineis JH, Bollback JP, Onyabe DY, Wilkerson RC, Póvoa MM, 2006. Population structure of the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi in a malaria-endemic region of eastern Amazonian Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 798-806.
    • (2006) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.74 , pp. 798-806
    • Conn, J.E.1    Vineis, J.H.2    Bollback, J.P.3    Onyabe, D.Y.4    Wilkerson, R.C.5    Póvoa, M.M.6
  • 52
    • 34249909549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetic structure of the major malaria vector Anopheles darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Brazilian Amazon, using microsatellite markers
    • Scarpassa VM, Conn JE, 2007. Population genetic structure of the major malaria vector Anopheles darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Brazilian Amazon, using microsatellite markers. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 102: 319-327.
    • (2007) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz , vol.102 , pp. 319-327
    • Scarpassa, V.M.1    Conn, J.E.2
  • 53
    • 0031660206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the neotropical malaria vector Anopheles nuneztovari
    • Conn J, Mitchell SE, Cockburn AF, 1998. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the neotropical malaria vector Anopheles nuneztovari. Genome 41: 313-327.
    • (1998) Genome , vol.41 , pp. 313-327
    • Conn, J.1    Mitchell, S.E.2    Cockburn, A.F.3
  • 54
    • 33745043536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple Mantel test and isolation by distance, taking into account long-term historical divergence
    • Telles MP, Diniz-Filho JA, 2005. Multiple Mantel test and isolation by distance, taking into account long-term historical divergence. Genet Mol Res 4: 742-748.
    • (2005) Genet Mol Res , vol.4 , pp. 742-748
    • Telles, M.P.1    Diniz-Filho, J.A.2
  • 55
    • 0005554072 scopus 로고
    • Modified response of Anopheles albimanus to DDT residual house spraying in Panama
    • Trapido H, 1952. Modified response of Anopheles albimanus to DDT residual house spraying in Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 15: 853-861.
    • (1952) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.15 , pp. 853-861
    • Trapido, H.1
  • 56
    • 42449136665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA under siege in avian phylogeography
    • Zink RM, Barrowclough GF, 2008. Mitochondrial DNA under siege in avian phylogeography. Mol Ecol 17: 2107-2121.
    • (2008) Mol Ecol , vol.17 , pp. 2107-2121
    • Zink, R.M.1    Barrowclough, G.F.2
  • 57
    • 0032055149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nested clade analyses of phylogeographic data: Testing hypotheses about gene flow and population history
    • Templeton AR, 1998. Nested clade analyses of phylogeographic data: testing hypotheses about gene flow and population history. Mol Ecol 7: 381-397.
    • (1998) Mol Ecol , vol.7 , pp. 381-397
    • Templeton, A.R.1
  • 59
    • 33646095749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PALAEO 234
    • Gonzáles C, Urrego LE, Martínez JI, 2006. Late quaternary vegetation and climate change in the Panama basin: palynological evidence from marine cores ODP 677 and TR 163-38. PALAEO 234: 62-80.
    • (2006) , pp. 62-80
    • Gonzáles, C.1    Urrego, L.E.2    Martínez, J.I.3
  • 60
    • 6144287609 scopus 로고
    • History of the Holocene transgression in the Gulf of Panama
    • Golik A, 1968. History of the Holocene transgression in the Gulf of Panama. J Geol 76: 497-507.
    • (1968) J Geol , vol.76 , pp. 497-507
    • Golik, A.1
  • 61
    • 13144276361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative mtDNA phylogeography of neotropical fresh water fishes: Testing shared history to infer the evolutionary landscape of lower Central America
    • Bermingham E, Martin AP, 1998. Comparative mtDNA phylogeography of neotropical fresh water fishes: testing shared history to infer the evolutionary landscape of lower Central America. Mol Ecol 7: 499-517.
    • (1998) Mol Ecol , vol.7 , pp. 499-517
    • Bermingham, E.1    Martin, A.P.2
  • 62
    • 0141501460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeography of the harlequin beetle-riding pseudoscorpion and the rise of the Isthmus of Panama
    • Zeh JA, Zeh DW, Bonilla MM, 2003. Phylogeography of the harlequin beetle-riding pseudoscorpion and the rise of the Isthmus of Panama. Mol Ecol 12: 2759-2769.
    • (2003) Mol Ecol , vol.12 , pp. 2759-2769
    • Zeh, J.A.1    Zeh, D.W.2    Bonilla, M.M.3
  • 63
    • 33644674358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogeography of the tungara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus: A molecular perspective
    • Weigt LA, Crawford AJ, Stanley Rand A, Ryan M, 2005. Biogeography of the tungara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus: a molecular perspective. Mol Ecol 14: 3857-3876.
    • (2005) Mol Ecol , vol.14 , pp. 3857-3876
    • Weigt, L.A.1    Crawford, A.J.2    Stanley Rand, A.3    Ryan, M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.