Surfactant production: Present realities and future perspectives

Handbook of Detergents, Part F: Production

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-37

  Levinson, Matthew I ^a  

^a Stepan Co   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 74049084672     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9781420014655     Document Type: Chapter

References (60)

1. Global Industry Analysts, Inc., Surface Active Agents-A Global Strategic Business Report 08/06, August, 2006.
2. Bragg, C. D., The Future of Detergents, World Oleochemical Conference, Athens, Greece, April, 2005.
3. Modler, R. F., Muller, S., and Ishikawa, Y., Surfactants, SRI Consulting; Specialty Chemical Update Program, July, 2004.
4. Levitt, B., Oil, Fat and Soap. Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1951, p. 33.
5. Spitz, F. and Spitz, L., The Evolution of Clean, A Visual Journey through the History of Soaps and Detergents, AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, 2006, pp. 43-69.
6. U.S. Patent No. 1,686,837, 1928; U.S. Patent No. 1,708,103, 1929; and U.S. Patent No. 1,872,736, 1932.
7. Vaughan, J., The Future of Surfactant Feedstocks, CESIO 6th World Surfactants Congress, Berlin, June 20-23, 2004.
8. U.S. Patent No. 2,212,521, 1940.
9. U.S. Patent No. 1,968,796, 1934, and U.S. Patent No. 2,141,245, 1939.
10. U.S. Patent No. 2,486,921, 1949.
11. UOP LLC, accessible at http://www.uop.com, higher olefins web page.
12. About.com accessible at http://www.chemistry.co.nz/deterghistory.htm.
13. Brackmann, B. and Hager, C.-D., The Statistical World of Raw Materials, Fatty Alcohols and Surfactants, CESIO 6th World Surfactants Congress, Berlin, June 20-23, 2004.
14. Renaud, P., Natural Based Fatty Alcohols: Completely in Line With the Future? CESIO 6th World Surfactants Congress, Berlin, June 20-23, 2004.
15. Davy Process Technology, accessible at www.davyprotech.com, 2006.
16. Brent, J., Standing Out From the Crowd: New Surfactant Molecules Create Competitive Opportunities, CESIO 6th World Surfactants Congress, Berlin, June 20-23, 2004.
17. CAIA, The Chemical and Allied Industries’ Association of South Africa, accessible at http://www.caia. co.za/chsahs05.htm.
18. Official publication available from the U.S. National Energy Technology Laboratory Web site accessible at http://www.netl.doe.gov, NETL Report 2-06, April 25, 2006.
19. Kissa, E. (Ed.), Fluorinated Surfactants: Synthesis Properties Applications, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 50, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993.
20. Hill, R. M. (Ed.), Silicone Surfactants, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 86, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1999.
21. Farn, R. J. (Ed.), Chemistry and Technology of Surfactants, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2006, chapter, 6.
22. Kosaric, N., Cairns, W. L., and Gray, N. C. C., Biosurfactants and Biotechnology, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 25, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987.
23. Kosaric, N. (Ed.), Biosurfactants: Production Properties Applications, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 48, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993.
24. Piirma, I. (Ed.), Polymeric Surfactants, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 42, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1992.
25. Kwak, J. C. T. (Ed.), Polymer-Surfactant Systems, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 77, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998.
26. Official statistics available from the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Agency (EIA), accessible at http://www.eia.doe.gov/.
27. Published statistics by the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, accessible at http://www.eere.energy.gov.
28. Published statistics by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA Economics and Statistics System accessible at http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/homepage.do.
29. Gabler, R., Biodiesel, CEH Marketing Research Report, SRI Consulting, Menlo Park, CA, November, 2006.
30. Force majeur reference, Insight: Charting the Operating Challenge, ISIS News, January 17, 2006.
31. Bluestein, B. R. and Hilton, C. L. (Eds.), Amphoteric Surfactants, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 16, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1982.
32. Lomax, E. G. (Ed.), Amphoteric Surfactants, 2nd Ed., Surfactant Science Series Vol. 59, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996.
33. Linfield, W. M. (Ed.), Anionic Surfactants, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 7, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990.
34. Stache, H. W. (Ed.), Anionic Surfactants, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 56, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1995.
35. Spitz, L. (Ed.), Soaps and Detergents: A Theoretical and Practical Review, AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, 1996.
36. Dado, G. P., Knaggs, E. A., and Nepras, M. J., Sulfonation and sulfation, In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th Ed., Vol. 23, Wiley, New York, 2007.
37. De Groot, W. H. (Ed.), Sulfonation Technology in the Detergent Industry, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1991.
38. Hibbs, J., Anionic surfactants, In Chemistry and Technology of Surfactants, Farn, R. J. (Ed.), Chapter 4, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2006.
39. Ballestra, S.P.A., 2005.
40. Lucassen-Reynders, E. H. (Ed.), Anionic Surfactants: Physical Chemistry of Surfactant Action, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 11, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990.
41. Jungermann, E. (Ed.), Cationic Surfactants, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 4, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1970.
42. Rubingh, D. N. and Holland, P. M. (Eds.), Cationic Surfactants: Physical Chemistry, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 37, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990.
43. Richmond, J. N. (Ed.), Cationic Surfactants: Organic Chemistry, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 34, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990.
44. French Patent Application FR 1,593,921, 1970.
45. German Patent Application DE 1,935,499, 1971.
46. U.S. Patent 3,915,867, 1975.
47. Levinson, M. I., Rinse-added fabric softener technology at the close of the twentieth century, J. Surf. Det., 2(2), 223, 1999.
48. U.S. Patent 6,017,874, 2000.
49. Friedli, F. E., Amidoamine surfactants, In Cationic Surfactants, Organic Chemistry. Richmond, J. M. (Ed.), Surfactant Science Series Vol. 34, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990, p. 51.
50. Schick, M. J. (Ed.), Nonionic Surfactants, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1967.
51. Schick, M. J. (Ed.), Nonionic Surfactants, Physical Chemistry, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 23, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987.
52. Hepworth, P., Non-ionic surfactants, In Chemistry and Technology of Surfactants, Farn, R. J. (Ed.), Chapter 5, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2006, pp. 145-148.
53. Kritchevsky, J., The Alkylolamides, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 34, 178, 1957.
54. Jungerman, E. and Tabor, D., In Nonionic Surfactants, Schick, M. (Ed.), Surfactant Science Series Vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1967.
55. Nace, V. M. (Ed.), Nonionic Surfactants: Polyoxyalkylene Block Copolymers, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 60, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996.
56. Van Os, N. M. (Ed.), Nonionic Surfactants: Organic Chemistry, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 72, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1997.
57. Ethylene Oxide Users Guide (Second Edition), accessible at the American Chemistry Council www.americanchemisty.com, December 21, 2006.
58. Buss process technology, accessible at http://www.buss-ct.com/.
59. Stauffer, C. E., Emulsifiers for the food industry, In Bailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, Edible Oil and Fat Products, Fereidoon, S. (Ed.), Vol. 4, 6th Ed., Wiley, New York, 2005, chapter, 8.
60. Balzer, D. and Luders, H. (Ed.), Nonionic Surfactants: Alkyl Polyglucosides, Surfactant Science Series Vol. 91, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2001.