Distribution and origin of impact diamonds in the Ries crater, Germany

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 384, Issue , 2005, Pages 299-314

  Schmitt, R T ^a   Lapke, C ^a,b   Lingemann, C M ^a   Siebenschock, M ^a,b   Stoffler D ^a  

^a HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b NONE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Impact diamonds; Ries crater

Indexed keywords

CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; CRYSTALLINE ROCKS; DIAMONDS; FALLOUT; GRAPHITE; MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS; METEOR IMPACTS; ROCKS;

AVERAGE CONCENTRATION; BIREFRINGENT PLATES; CRYSTALLINE TARGET ROCKS; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; MARTENSITIC PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS; MICROFRACTURES; RAMAN CHARACTERISTICS; SHOCK PRESSURE;

ECONOMIC GEOLOGY;

BRECCIA; CRATER; CRYSTALLINE ROCK; DIAMOND; GRAPHITE; IMPACT; MELT; POROSITY; SOLID; SUEVITE;

BAVARIA; GERMANY; RIES CRATER;

EID: 73949104411     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-2384-1.299     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Abbott, J.I., Hough, R.M., Gilmour, I., and Pillinger, C.T., 1996, Impact diamonds in glass from Otting quarry, Ries crater, Germany: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 31, Supplement, p. A5.
2. Abbott, J.I., Hough, R.M., Gilmour, I., and Pillinger, C.T., 1998, Nördlingen drill core 1973-Diamonds and stable carbon isotopes from a selection of crater suevite samples: European Science Foundation workshop "Impacts and the early earth": Cambridge, Abstracts vol., p. 1.
3. Anders, E., 1965, Diamonds in meteorites: Scientific American, v. 213, p. 26-36.
4. Andreyev, V.D., Nachalnaya, T.A., and Gabrusenok, E.V., 1992, The peculiarities of Raman scattering of diamond micron powders: Superhard Materials, v. 15, p. 9-16.
5. Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt, editor, 1977, Ergebnisse der Ries-Forschungsbohrung 1973: Struktur des Kraters und Entwicklung des Kratersees: Geologica Bavarica, v. 77, 470 p.
6. Berkley, J.L., Taylor, G.J., Keil, K., Harlow, G.E., and Prinz, M., 1980, The nature and origin of ureilites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 44, p. 1579-1597, doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(80)90119-2.
7. Bischoff, A., and Stöffler, D., 1992, Shock metamorphism as a fundamental process in the evolution of planetary bodies: Information from meteorites: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 4, p. 707-755.
8. Boudeulle, M., Koeberl, C., Langenhorst, F., and Masaitis, V., 1999, Diamondgraphite phase transitions in impact diamonds from the Popigai structure (Russia): European Union of Geosciences, v. 10, p. 636.
9. 39 Ar laser probe age determination confirms the Ries impact crater as the source of glass particles in Graupensand sediments (Grimmelfingen formation, North Alpine foreland basin): International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 92, p. 1-6.
10. DeCarli, P.S., 1995, Shock wave synthesis of diamond and other phases: Material Research Society Symposium, Proceedings, v. 383, p. 21-31.
11. DeCarli, P.S., 1998, Direct synthesis of diamond in the laboratory and in impact craters: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 33, Supplement, p. A39-A40.
12. DeCarli, P.S., and Jamieson, J.C., 1961, Formation of diamond by explosive shock: Science, v. 133, p. 1821-1822.
13. El Goresy, A., Gillet, P., Chen, M., Künstler, F., Graup, G., and Stähle, V., 2001, In situ discovery of shock-induced graphite-diamond phase transition in gneisses from the Ries crater, Germany: American Mineralogist, v. 86, p. 611-621.
14. El Goresy, A., Gillet, P., Mostefaoui, S., Chen, M., and Masaitis, V.L., 2002, A transparent, very hard, dense, and unusually disordered form of carbon in heavily shocked gneisses from Popigai, Russia: Petrographic settings and comparison with a similar phase in shocked gneisses from the Ries: Houston, Texas, USA, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, v. XXXIII, abstract no. 1031 (CD-ROM).
15. El Goresy, A., Dubrovinsky, L.S., Gillet, P., Mostefaoui, S., Graup, G., Drakopoulos, M., Simionovici, A.S., Swamy, Y., and Masaitis, V.L., 2003, A novel cubic, transparent and super-hard polymorph of carbon from the Ries and Popigai craters: Implications to understanding dynamic-induced natural high-pressure phase transitions in the carbon system: Houston, Texas, USA, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, v. XXXIV, abstract no. 1016 (CD-ROM).
16. Engelhardt, von W., 1990, Distribution, petrography and shock metamorphism of the ejecta of the Ries crater in Germany: A review: Tectonophysics, v. 171, p. 259-273, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(90)90104-G.
17. Engelhardt, von W., 1997, Suevite breccia of the Ries impact crater, Germany: Petrography, chemistry and shock metamorphism of crystalline rock clasts: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 32, p. 545-554.
18. Engelhardt, von W., and Graup, G., 1984, Suevite of the Ries crater, Germany: Source rocks and implications for cratering mechanics: Geologische Rundschau, v. 73, p. 447-481.
19. Engelhardt, von W., Stöffler, D., and Schneider, W., 1969, Petrologische Untersuchungen im Ries: Geologica Bavarica, v. 61, p. 229-296.
20. Erskine, D.J., and Nellis, W.J., 1991, Shock-induced martensitic phase transformation of oriented graphite to diamond: Nature, v. 349, p. 317-319, doi: 10.1038/349317a0.
21. Foot, A.E., 1891, A new locality for meteoritic iron with a preliminary notice of the discovery of diamonds in iron: American Journal of Science, v. XLII, no. 251, p. 413-417.
22. Frondel, C., and Marvin, U.B., 1967, Lonsdaleite, a hexagonal polymorph of diamond: Nature, v. 214, p. 587-589.
23. Gilmour, I., French, B.M., Franchi, I.A., Abbott, J.I., Hough, R.M., Newton, J., and Koeberl, C., 2003, Geochemistry of carbonaceous impactites from the Gardnos impact structure, Norway: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 67, p. 3889-3903, doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00213-8. (Pubitemid 37307549)
24. Graup, G., 1978, Das Kristallin im Nördlinger Ries: Stuttgart, Enke Verlag, 190 p.
25. Greshake, A., Kenkmann, T., and Schmitt, R.T., 2000, In situ Raman spectroscopy of diamond in the ureilite Hammadah al Hamra 126: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 35, Supplement, p. A64-A65.
26. Gudden, H., 1974, Die Forschungsbohrung Nördlingen 1973: Durchführung und erste Befunde: Geologica Bavarica, v. 72, p. 11-31.
27. Gurov, E.P., Gurova, E.P., and Rakitskaya, R.B., 1995, Impact diamonds in the craters of the Ukrainian shield: Meteoritics, v. 30, p. 515.
28. Gurov, E.P., Gurova, E.P., and Rakitskaya, R.B., 1996, Impact diamonds in the Zapadnaya crater: Phase composition and some properties: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 31, Supplement, p. A56.
29. Hannemann, R.E., Strong, H.M., and Bundy, F.P., 1967, Hexagonal diamonds in meteorites: Implications: Science, v. 155, p. 995-997.
30. Hofmann, K.-H., 1989, Das Auftreten von Graphit in metamorphen Gesteinen in Bayern: Geologische Blätter für Nordost-Bayern, v. 39, p. 59-98.
31. Hough, R.M., Gilmour, I., Pillinger, C.T., Arden, J.W., Gilkes, K.W.R., Yuan, J., and Milledge, H.J., 1995, Diamond and silicon carbide in impact melt rock from the Ries impact crater: Nature, v. 378, p. 41-44, doi: 10.1038/378041a0. (Pubitemid 26458909)
32. Hough, R.M., Gilmour, I., and Pillinger, C.T., 1997a, Diamonds in ejecta and fireball layers of the K/T boundary in the USA and Mexico: Houston, Texas, USA, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution Conference, Sudbury, Abstract no. 6093 (CD-ROM).
33. Hough, R.M., Gilmour, I., Pillinger, C.T., Langenhorst, F., and Montanari, A., 1997b, Diamonds from the iridium-rich K-T boundary layer at Arroyo el Mimbral, Tamaulipas, Mexico: Geology, v. 25, p. 1019-1022, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1997)0252.3.CO;2.
34. Hough, R.M., Vishnevsky, S., Abbott, J.I., Pal'chik, N., Raitala, J., and Gilmour, I., 1999, New data on the nature of impact diamonds from the Lappajärvi impact structure, Finland: Houston, Texas, USA, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, v. XXX, no. 1571 (CD-ROM).
35. Hüttner, R., and Schmidt-Kaler, H., 1999a, Die Geologische Karte des Rieses 1: 50000, Erläuterungen zu Erdgeschichte, Bau und Entstehung des Kraters sowie zu den Impaktgesteinen: Geologica Bavarica, v. 104, p. 7-76.
36. Hüttner, R., and Schmidt-Kaler, H., 1999b, Wanderungen in der Erdgeschichte Band 10: Meteoritenkrater Nördlinger Ries: München, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 144 p.
37. Kenkmann, T., Hornemann, U., and Stöffler, D., 2002, Transformation of graphite to diamond in shock experiments: A Raman study: Houston, Texas, USA, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, v. XXXIII, no. 1052 (CD-ROM).
38. Kleiman, J., Heimann, R.B., Hawken, D., and Salansky, N.M., 1984, Shock compression and flash heating of graphite/metal mixtures at temperatures up to 3200 K and pressures up to 25 GPa: Journal of Applied Physics, v. 56, p. 1440-1454, doi: 10.1063/1.334116. (Pubitemid 14651752)
39. Koeberl, C., Masaitis, V.L., Langenhorst, F., Stöffler, D., Schrauder, M., Lengauer, C., Gilmour, I., and Hough, R.M., 1995, Diamonds from the Popigai impact structure, Russia: Houston, Texas, USA, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, v. XXVI, p. 777-778.
40. Koeberl, C., Masaitis, V.L., Shafranovsky, G.I., Gilmour, I., Langenhorst, F., and Schrauder, M., 1997, Diamonds from the Popigai impact structure, Russia: Geology, v. 25, p. 967-970, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1997) 025<0967: DFTPIS>2.3.CO;2.
41. Langenhorst, F., Shafranovsky, G., and Masaitis, V.L., 1998, A comparative study of impact diamonds from the Popigai, Ries, Sudbury, and Lappajärvi craters: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 33, Supplement, p. A90-A91.
42. Lapke, C., Schmitt, R.T., Kenkmann, T., and Stöffler, D., 2000, Raman microspectrometry of shocked graphite and impact diamonds from the Ries crater, Germany: Houston, Texas, USA, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, v. XXXI, no. 1040 (CD-ROM).
43. 39 Ar laser probe dating of the Central European tektite-producing impact event: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 38, p. 887-893.
44. Le Maitre, R.W., 1984, A proposal by the IUGS subcommission on the systematics of igneous rocks for a chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali silicia (TAS) diagram: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 31, p. 243-255.
45. Masaitis, V.L., 1998, Popigai crater: Origin and distribution of diamond-bearing impactites: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 33, p. 349-359.
46. Masaitis, V.L., Futergendler, S.I., and Gnevushev, M.A., 1972, Diamonds in impactites of the Popigai meteorite crater: Proceedings, All-Union Mineralogical Society, v. 1, p. 108-112.
47. Masaitis, V.L., Shafranovsky, G.I., Ezersky, V., and Reshetnyak, N., 1990, Impact diamonds from ureilites and impactites: Meteoritika, v. 49, p. 180-195.
48. Masaitis, V.L., Shafranovsky, G.I., and Fedorova, I.G., 1995, The apographitic impact diamonds from astroblemes Ries and Popigai: Proceedings of the Russian Mineralogical Society Pt CXXIV, no. 4, p. 12-19 (in Russian).
49. Masaitis, V.L., Shafranovsky, G.I., Grieve, R.A.F., Langenhorst, F., Peredery, W.V., Balmasov, E.L., Fedorova, I.G., and Therriault, A., 1997, Discovery of impact diamonds at the Sudbury structure: Houston, Texas, USA, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution Conference, Sudbury, Abstract no. 6027 (CD-ROM).
50. Masaitis, V.L., Shafranovsky, G.I., Fedorova, I.G., Koivisto, M., and Korhonen, J.V., 1998, Lappajärvi astrobleme: The first find of impact diamonds on the Fennoscandian shield: Houston, Texas, USA, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Nördlingen, v. XXIX, no. 1171 (CD-ROM).
51. Miyamoto, M., 1998, Micro Raman spectroscopy of diamonds in the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite: Implications for the shock origin: Antarctic Meteorite Research, v. 11, p. 171-177.
52. Moroz, T.N., Vishnevsky, S.A., Palchik, N.A., and Raitala, J., 2003, Photolumiescence spectra of the Lappajärvi impact diamonds: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 38, Supplement, p. A90.
53. Mostefaoui, S., El Goresy, A., Hoppe, P., Gillet, P., and Ott, U., 2001, In-situ discovery of diamond in Bencubbin: Evidence from Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence: Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 35, Supplement, p. A141-A142.
54. Nasdala, L., and Massone, H.-J., 2000, Microdiamonds from the Saxonian Erzgebirge, Germany: in situ micro-Raman characterisation: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 12, p. 495-498.
55. Osinski, G.R., Grieve, R.A.F., and Spray, J.G., 2003, The nature of the groundmass of surficial suevites from the Ries impact structure, Germany: Houston, Texas, USA, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Large Meteorite Impacts Conference, Nördlingen, Abstract no. 4022 (CD-ROM).
56. Phelps, A.W., 1997, Raman spectroscopic analysis of microdiamonds from the Popigai crater: Houston, Texas, USA, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, v. XXVIII, no. 1772 (CD-ROM).
57. Pujols, H., and Boisard, F., 1970, Effects of an intense shock wave on graphite: Carbon, v. 8, p. 781-782, doi: 10.1016/0008-6223(70)90103-X.
58. Rost, R., Dolgov, Y.A., and Vishnevsky, S.A., 1977, Gases in inclusions of impact glasses in the Ries crater, West Germany, and finds of high-pressure carbon polymorphs: Doklady AN SSSR, v. 3, p. 695-698.
59. Shafranovsky, G.I., 1985, The crystallomorphology of diamond paramorphs after graphite: Proceedings of the Russian Mineralogical Society, v. 1, p. 30-34.
60. Schmidt-Kaler, H., 1978, Geologische Übersichtskarte des Ries-Meteoriten- Kraters 1:100.000: München, Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt.
61. Siebenschock, M., Schmitt, R.T., and Stöffler, D., 1998, Investigation of a diamond bearing gneiss clast in the suevite from Seelbronn, Ries crater, Germany: Houston, Texas, USA, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, v. XXIX, no. 1022 (CD-ROM).
62. Siebenschock, M., Langenhorst, F., Schmitt, R.T., and Stöffler, D., 1999, Impact diamonds in the dike suevite of Unterwilflingen, Ries crater, Germany: Houston, Texas, USA, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, v. XXX, CD-ROM # 1172.
63. Stähle, V., 1972, Impact glasses from the suevite of the Nördlinger Ries: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 17, p. 275-293, doi: 10.1016/0012- 821X(72)90287-7.
64. Stöffler, D., 1971, Progressive metamorphism and classification of shocked and brecciated crystalline rocks at impact craters: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 76, p. 5541-5551.
65. Stöffler, D., 1972, Deformation and transformation of rock-forming minerals by natural and experimental shock processes, I, Behavior of minerals under shock compression: Fortschritte der Mineralogie, v. 49, p. 50-113.
66. Stöffler, D., 1977, Research drilling Nördlingen 1973: polymict breccias, crater basement, and cratering model of the Ries impact structure: Geologica Bavarica, v. 75, p. 443-458.
67. Stöffler, D., and Langenhorst, F., 1994, Shock metamorphism of quartz in nature and experiment: I. Basic observation and theory: Meteoritics, v. 29, p. 155-181.
68. Stöffler, D., and Ostertag, R., 1983, The Ries impact crater: Fortschritte der Mineralogie, v. 61: Beiheft 2, p. 71-116.
69. Thiele, I., and Scherer, T., 2000, Diamanten im Nördlinger Ries: Berichte der Deutschen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, Beiheft zum European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 12, p. 213.
70. Valter, A.A., Yerjomenko, G.K., Kvasnitsa, V.N., and Polkanov, Y.A., 1992, Impact-metamorphic minerals of carbon: Kiev/Ukraine, Naukova Dumka Press, 171 p. (in Russian).
71. Valter, A.A., Eremenko, G.K., Polkano, Y.A., Khrenov, A.Y., Siebenschock, M., Schmitt, R.T., and Stöffler, D., 1998, Impact diamonds from suevites of Ries crater (Germany): New Results: Mineralogitscheskij Zhurnal, v. 20, no. 3, p. 3-12.
72. Vdovykin, G.P., 1970, Ureilites: Space Science Reviews, v. 10, p. 483-510, doi: 10.1007/BF00172536.
73. Vishnevsky, S.A., Afanasiev, V.P., Argunov, K.P., and Pal'chik, N.A., 1997, Impact diamonds: Their features, origin and significance: Novosibirsk, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, United Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy, Transactions, Issue 835, 55 p.
74. Yerofeev, M.V., and Lachinov, P.A., 1888, About the Novo Urei meteorite: Zhurnal Russkogo Physiko-Khimicheskogo Obstchestva, v. XX, p. 185-213.
75. Yoshikawa, M., Mori, Y., Obata, H., Maegawa, M., Katagiri, G., Ishida, H., and Ishitani, A., 1995, Raman scattering from nanometer-sized diamond: Applied Physics Letters, v. 67, p. 694-696, doi: 10.1063/1.115206.
76. Zoltai, T., and Stout, J.H., 1984, Mineralogy: Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing Company, 505 p.