GnRH blockers: A changing paradigm in the management of prostate cancer

International Journal of Urological Nursing

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 85-92

  Drudge Coates, Lawrence ^a  

^a KING S COLLEGE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Androgen deprivation; Degarelix; Gonadotrophin receptor blocker; Hormonal therapy; Prostate cancer

Indexed keywords

EID: 73949093665     PISSN: 17497701     EISSN: 1749771X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-771X.2009.01081.x     Document Type: Review

References (28)

1. Anderson J. Hope versus hype: the treatment realities for prostate cancer. Oncology News 2009, 4:16-19.
2. Arcadi JA. Rapid drop in serum testosterone after bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy. Journal of Surgical Oncology 1992, 49:35-38.
3. Brawer MK. 2001, 3(suppl 3):S1-S9. The evolution of hormonal therapy for prostatic carcinoma.,
4. Broqua P, Riviere PJ, Conn PM, Rivier JE, Aubert ML, Junien JL. 2002, 301:95-102. Pharmacological profile of a new, potent, and long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist: degarelix.,
5. Crawford ED. 2004, 6(suppl 7):S3-S11. Hormonal therapy in prostate cancer: historical approaches.,
6. Gittelman M, Pommerville PJ, Persson B-E, Jensen J-K, Olesen TK. A 1-year, open-label, randomized phase II dose-finding study of degarelix, a novel gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor blocker, in the treatment of prostate cancer in North America. Journal of Urology 2008, 180:1986-1992. on behalf of the Degarelix Study Group. (
7. Heidenreich A, Aus G, Bolla M, Joniau S, Matveev VB, Schmid H-P, Zattoni F. 2008, European Association of Urology Guidelines on Prostate Cancer., Arnhem, The Netherlands
8. Hellerstedt BA, Pienta KJ. The current state of hormonal therapy for prostate cancer. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2002, 52:154-179.
9. Huggins C, Hodges CV. Studies on prostatic cancer. I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer Research 1941, 1:293-297.
10. Huggins C, Stevens RE, Hodges CV. Studies on prostatic cancer. II. The effects of castration on advanced carcinoma of the prostate cancer. Archives of Surgery 1941, 43:209-223.
11. Huhtaniemi I, White R, McArdle CA, Persson B-E. Will GnRH antagonists improve prostate cancer treatment? Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 2009, 20:43-50.
12. Huirne JAF, Lambalk CB. Gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-receptor antagonists. Lancet 2001, 358:1793-1803.
13. Klotz L, Boccon-Gibod L, Shore ND, Andreou C, Persson B-E, Cantor P, Jensen J-K, Olesen TK, Schröder FH. The efficacy and safety of degarelix: a 12-month, comparative, randomized, open-label, parallel-group phase III study in prostate cancer patients. BJU International 2008, 102:1531-1538.
14. Morote J, Orsola A, Planas J, Trilla E, Raventós CX, Cecchini L, Catalán R. Redefining clinically significant castration levels in patients with prostate cancer receiving continuous androgen deprivation therapy. Journal of Urology 2007, 178:1290-1295.
15. 2008, www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG58FullGuideline.pdf, National Institute for Clinical Excellence, Prostate cancer: diagnosis and treatment. National Collaborating Centre for Cancer, Accessed 1 December 2009.
16. Oka D, Shiba M, Arai Y, Nakayama M, Takayama H, Inoue H, Nishimura K, Nonomura N, Okuyama A. Skin reactions to 3-month depot type of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist therapy. Japan Medical Association Journal 2006, 49:48-54.
17. Perachino M, Cavalli V, Ferraris V. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and testosterone. European Urology Supplements 2008, 7:204.
18. Perlutter MA, Lepor H. Androgen deprivation therapy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Reviews in Urology 2007, 9(Suppl. 1):S3-S8.
19. Potosky AL, Knopf K, Clegg LX, Albertsen PC, Stanford JL, Hamilton AS, Gilliland FD, Eley JW, Stephenson RA, Hoffman RM. Quality-of-life outcomes after primary androgen deprivation therapy: results from the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2001, 19:3750-3757.
20. 2007, Sanofi-Aventis, Eligard (7.5 mg) US product label. November
21. Schally AV, Arimura A, Baba Y, Nair RM, Matsuo H, Redding TW, Debeljuk L. Isolation and properties of the FSH and LH-releasing hormone. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1971, 43:393-399.
22. Seidenfeld J, Samson DJ, Hasselblad V, Aronson N, Albertsen PC, Bennett CL, Wilt TJ. Single-therapy androgen suppression in men with advanced prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine 2000, 132:566-577.
23. Sharifi N, Gulley JL, Dahut WL. Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Journal of the American Medical Association 2005, 294:238-244.
24. Thompson IM. Flare associated with LHRH-agonist therapy. Reviews in Urology 2001, 3(Suppl 3):S10-S14.
25. Tombal B. Appropriate castration with luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists: what is the optimal level of testosterone? European Urology Supplements 2005, 4:14-19.
26. Trachtenberg J. Emerging pharmacologic therapies for prostate cancer. Reviews in Urology 2001, 3(suppl 3):S23-S28.
27. Van Poppel H, Tombal B, de la Rosette JJ, Persson BE, Jensen JK, Kold Olesen T. Degarelix: a novel gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor blocker-results from a 1-yr, multicentre, randomised, phase 2 dosage-finding study in the treatment of prostate cancer. European Urology 2008, 54:805-813.
28. Wechsel HW, Zerbib M, Pagano F, Copcoat MJ. Randomized open labelled comparative study of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of leuprorelin acetate 1M and 3M depot in patients with advanced prostatic cancer. European Urology 1996, 30(suppl 1):7-14.