HIV subtypes distribution and implication for antiretroviral treatment in a Ugandan population

Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 260-263

  Baker, Chris A R ^a   Bousheri, Stephanie ^a   Ssewanyana, Isaac ^b   Jones, Norman G ^a   K'Aluoch, Okumu ^a   Baliruno, David ^b   Ssali, Francis ^b   Cao, Huyen ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b JOINT CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTRE   (Uganda)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1;

ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS;

EID: 73849102029     PISSN: 15451097     EISSN: 15570886     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1545109707303938     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Kaleebu P., Ross A., Morgan D., et al. Relationship between HIV-1 Env subtypes A and D and disease progression in a rural Ugandan cohort. AIDS. 2001 ; 15 (3). 293-299. (Pubitemid 32163814)
2. Kaleebu P., French N., Mahe C., et al. Effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 envelope subtypes A and D on disease progression in a large cohort of HIV-1-positive persons in Uganda. J Infect Dis. 2002 ; 185 (9). 1244-1250. (Pubitemid 34439131)
3. Richard N., Juntilla M., Abraha A., et al. High prevalence of antiretroviral resistance in treated Ugandans infected with non-subtype B human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2004 ; 20 (4). 355-364. (Pubitemid 38582265)
4. Nijhuis M., Schuurman R., de Jong D., et al. Increased fitness of drug resistant HIV-1 protease as a result of acquisition of compensatory mutations during suboptimal therapy. AIDS. 1999 ; 13 (17). 2349-2359.
5. Erickson JW, Gulnik SV, Markowitz M. Protease inhibitors: resistance, cross-resistance, fitness and the choice of initial and salvage therapies. AIDS. 1999 ; 13 (Suppl A): S189 - S204.
6. Vergne L., Peeters M., Mpoudi-Ngole E., et al. Genetic diversity of protease and reverse transcriptase sequences in non-subtype-B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains: evidence of many minor drug resistance mutations in treatment-naive patients. J Clin Microbiol. 2000 ; 38 (11). 3919-3925. (Pubitemid 32233182)
7. Solomon A., Cameron PU, Bailey M., et al. Immunological and virological failure after antiretroviral therapy is associated with enhanced peripheral and thymic pathogenicity. J Infect Dis. 2003 ; 187 (12). 1915 -1923.
8. Hazenberg MD, Otto SA, van Benthem BH, et al. Persistent immune activation in HIV-1 infection is associated with progression to AIDS. AIDS. 2003 ; 17 (13). 1881-1888. (Pubitemid 37070273)
9. Liu Z., Cumberland WG, Hultin LE, Prince HE, Detels R., Giorgi JV Elevated CD38 antigen expression on CD8+ T cells is a stronger marker for the risk of chronic HIV disease progression to AIDS and death in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study than CD4+ cell count, soluble immune activation markers, or combinations of HLA-DR and CD38 expression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997 ; 16 (2). 83-92.
10. Giorgi JV, Hultin LE, McKeating JA, et al. Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage. J Infect Dis. 1999 ; 179 (4). 859-870. (Pubitemid 29159331)
11. Bruce C., Clegg JC, Featherstone A., et al. Presence of multiple genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proviruses in Uganda. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994 ; 10: 1543-1550. (Pubitemid 24382207)
12. Hoelscher M., Dowling WE, Sanders-Buell E., et al. Detection of HIV-1 subtypes, recombinants, and dual infections in east Africa by a multi-region hybridization assay. AIDS. 2002 ; 16: 2055-2064. (Pubitemid 35205270)
13. Hu DJ, Dondero TJ, Rayfield MA, et al. The emerging genetic diversity of HIV: the importance of global surveillance for diagnostics, research and prevention. JAMA. 1996 ; 275: 210-216. (Pubitemid 26028562)
14. Eggena MP, Barugahare B., Okello M., et al. T cell activation in HIV-seropositive Ugandans: differential associations with viral load, CD4+ T cell depletion, and coinfection. J Infect Dis. 2005 ; 191 (5). 694-701. (Pubitemid 40271056)
15. Barugahare B., Baker C., K'Aluoch O., et al. Human immunodeficiency virus-specific responses in adult Ugandans: patterns of cross-clade recognition. J Virol. 2005 ; 79 (7). 4132-4139. (Pubitemid 40388351)
16. Rizzardini G., Piconi S., Ruzzante S., et al. Immunological activation markers in the serum of African and European HIV-seropositive and seronegative individuals. AIDS. 1996 ; 10 (13). 1535-1542. (Pubitemid 26370668)
17. Eggena MP, Barugahare B., Jones N., et al. Depletion of regulatory T cells in HIV infection is associated with immune activation. J Immunol. 2005 ; 174 (7). 4407-4414. (Pubitemid 40396024)
18. Kantor R., Katzenstein DA, Efron B., et al. Impact of HIV-1 subtype and antiretroviral therapy on protease and reverse transcriptase genotype: results of a global collaboration. PLoS Med. 2005 ; 2 (4). e112.
19. Spira S., Wainberg MA, Loemba H., Turner D., Brenner BG Impact of clade diversity on HIV-1 virulence, antiretroviral drug sensitivity and drug resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003 ; 51 (2). 229-240. (Pubitemid 36231141)
20. Weidle PJ, Malamba S., Mwebaze R., et al. Assessment of a pilot antiretroviral drug therapy programme in Uganda: patients' response, survival, and drug resistance. Lancet. 2002 ; 360 (9326). 34-40. (Pubitemid 34756490)
21. Palmer S., Margot N., Gilbert H., Shaw N., Buckheit R. Jr, Miller M. Tenofovir, adefovir, and zidovudine susceptibilities of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates with non-B subtypes or nucleoside resistance. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2001 ; 17 (12). 1167-1173. (Pubitemid 32881583)
22. Dumans AT, Soares MA, Machado ES, et al. Synonymous genetic polymorphisms within Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes may influence mutational routes to drug resistance. J Infect Dis. 2004 ; 189 (7). 1232-1238. (Pubitemid 38457248)
23. Frater J. The impact of HIV-1 subtype on the clinical response on HAART. J HIV Ther. 2002 ; 7 (4). 92-96.
24. Loemba H., Brenner B., Parniak MA, et al. Polymorphisms of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and T-helper epitopes within reverse transcriptase (RT) of HIV-1 subtype C from Ethiopia and Botswana following selection of antiretroviral drug resistance. Antiviral Res. 2002 ; 56 (2). 129-142. (Pubitemid 35279662)
25. Katzenstein TL Molecular biological assessment methods and understanding the course of the HIV infection. APMIS Suppl. 2003 (114). 1-37.
26. Hazenberg MD, Otto SA, Wit FW, Lange JM, Hamann D., Miedema F. Discordant responses during antiretroviral therapy: role of immune activation and T cell redistribution rather than true CD4 T cell loss. AIDS. 2002 ; 16 (9). 1287-1289. (Pubitemid 34666665)
27. Sufka S., Ferrari G., Gryszowka V., et al. Prolonged CD4+ cell/virus load discordance during treatment with protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy: immune response and viral control. J Infect Dis. 2003 ; 187: 1027-1037. (Pubitemid 36399344)