Periprocedural antithrombotic management: A review of the literature and practical approach for the hospitalist physician

Journal of Hospital Medicine

Volumn 4, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 551-559

  Vinik, Russell ^a,b   Wanner, Nathan ^a,b   Pendleton, Robert C ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

Anticoagulants; Antiplatelet; Bridging therapy; Major hemorrhage; Periprocedural; Thrombosis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; DALTEPARIN; ENOXAPARIN; HEPARIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; PACLITAXEL; PLACEBO; RAPAMYCIN; TINZAPARIN; WARFARIN;

ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; ARTHROCENTESIS; BARE METAL STENT; BLEEDING; CATARACT EXTRACTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT; CORONARY ARTERY OBSTRUCTION; CORONARY STENT; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ELUTING STENT; DRUG SAFETY; ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY; EVENING DOSAGE; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; HOSPITAL PHYSICIAN; HUMAN; LOW DRUG DOSE; LUMBAR PUNCTURE; MEDICAL PRACTICE; MORNING DOSAGE; ORAL SURGERY; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKIN SURGERY; SPINAL HEMATOMA; STENT THROMBOSIS; THORACOCENTESIS; THROMBOEMBOLISM;

ASPIRIN; BLOOD LOSS, SURGICAL; DRUG-ELUTING STENTS; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; HEPARIN; HOSPITALISTS; HUMANS; PREOPERATIVE PERIOD; RISK FACTORS; THROMBOEMBOLISM; WARFARIN;

EID: 73849090569     PISSN: 15535592     EISSN: 15535606     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jhm.514     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Douketis JD, Berger PB, Dunn AS, et al. The Perioperative Management of Antithrombotic Therapy: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest. 2008;133(6-suppl): 299S-339S.
2. Pignone M, Anderson GK, Binns K, Tilson HH, Weisman SM. Aspirin use among adults aged 40 and older in the United States: results of a national survey. Am J Prev Med. 2007;32(5):403-407.
3. Torn M, Rosendaal FR. Oral anticoagulation in surgical procedures: risks and recommendations. Br J Haematol. 2003;123(4):676-682.
4. Perioperative medicine. J Hosp Med. 2006;1(supp 1):30-31.
5. Douketis JD. Perioperative anticoagulation management in patients who are receiving oral anticoagulant therapy: a practical guide for clinicians. Thromb Res. 2002;108(1):3-13.
6. Spyropoulos AC, Bauersachs RM, Omran H, Cohen M. Periprocedural bridging therapy in patients receiving chronic oral anticoagulation therapy. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22(6):1109-1122.
7. Assia EI, Raskin T, Kaiserman I, Rotenstreich Y, Segev F. Effect of aspirin intake on bleeding during cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998;24(9):1243-1246.
8. Burger W, Chemnitius JM, Kneissl GD, Rucker G. Low-dose aspirin for secondary cardiovascular prevention-cardiovascular risks after its perioperative withdrawal versus bleeding risks with its continuation - review and meta-analysis. J Intern Med. 2005;257(5):399-414.
9. Herth FJ, Becker HD, Ernst A. Aspirin does not increase bleeding complications after transbronchial biopsy. Chest. 2002;122(4):1461-1464.
10. Khalifeh MR, Redett RJ. The management of patients on anticoagulants prior to cutaneous surgery: case report of a thromboembolic complication, review of the literature, and evidence-based recommendations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;118(5):110e-117e.
11. Maisel WH. Unanswered questions - drug-eluting stents and the risk of late thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(10):981-984.
12. Grines CL, Bonow RO, Casey DE, Jr, et al. Prevention of premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery stents: a science advisory from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, American College of Surgeons, and American Dental Association, with representation from the American College of Physicians. Circulation. 2007;115(6):813-818.
13. Becker RC, Meade TW, Berger PB, et al. The Primary and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest. 2008;133(6-suppl):776S-814S.
14. King SB, 3rd, Smith SC, Jr, Hirshfeld JW, Jr, et al. 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 Guideline Update for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 Guideline Update for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Writing on Behalf of the 2005 Writing Committee. Circulation. 2008;117(2): 261-295.
15. Bavry AA, Kumbhani DJ, Helton TJ, Borek PP, Mood GR, Bhatt DL. Late thrombosis of drug-eluting stents: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Am J Med. 2006;119(12):1056-1061.
16. Daemen J, Wenaweser P, Tsuchida K, et al. Early and late coronary stent thrombosis of sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents in routine clinical practice: data from a large two-institutional cohort study. Lancet. 2007;369(9562):667-678.
17. Eisenstein EL, Anstrom KJ, Kong DF, et al. Clopidogrel use and long-term clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stent implantation. JAMA. 2007;297(2):159-168.
18. Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy - I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1994;308(6921):81-106.
19. Eisen GM, Baron TH, Dominitz JA, et al. Guideline on the management of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy for endoscopic procedures. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;55(7):775-779.
20. Pache I, Bilodeau M. Severe haemorrhage following abdominal paracentesis for ascites in patients with liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;21(5):525-529.
21. Grabau CM, Crago SF, Hoff LK, et al. Performance standards for therapeutic abdominal paracentesis. Hepatology. 2004;40(2):484-488.
22. Goldfarb G, Lebrec D. Percutaneous cannulation of the internal jugular vein in patients with coagulopathies: an experience based on 1,000 attempts. Anesthesiology. 1982;56(4):321-323.
23. Foster PF, Moore LR, Sankary HN, Hart ME, Ashmann MK, Williams JW. Central venous catheterization in patients with coagulopathy. Arch Surg. 1992;127(3):273-275.
24. Doerfler ME, Kaufman B, Goldenberg AS. Central venous catheter placement in patients with disorders of hemostasis. Chest. 1996;110(1):185-188.
25. Tercan F, Ozkan U, Oguzkurt L. US-guided placement of central vein catheters in patients with disorders of hemostasis. Eur J Radiol. 2008;65(2):253-256.
26. Fisher NC, Mutimer DJ. Central venous cannulation in patients with liver disease and coagulopathy-a prospective audit. Intensive Care Med. 1999;25(5):481-485.
27. Dunn AS, Turpie AG. Perioperative management of patients receiving oral anticoagulants: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(8):901-908.
28. Harris ED, Budd RC, Firestein GS, et al. Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2005.
29. Roberts JR, Hedges JR. Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 2004.
30. Thumboo J, O'Duffy JD. A prospective study of the safety of joint and soft tissue aspirations and injections in patients taking warfarin sodium. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41(4):736-739.
31. Salvati G, Punzi L, Pianon M, et al. [Frequency of the bleeding risk in patients receiving warfarin submitted to arthrocentesis of the knee]. Reumatismo. 2003;55(3):159-163.
32. Fink MP. Textbook of Critical Care. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2005.
33. Ruff RL, Dougherty JH, Jr. Complications of lumbar puncture followed by anticoagulation. Stroke. 1981;12(6):879-881.
34. Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA. Mason, Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2005.
35. Thomsen TW, DeLaPena J, Setnik GS. Videos in clinical medicine. Thoracentesis. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(15):e16.
36. McVay PA, Toy PT. Lack of increased bleeding after paracentesis and thoracentesis in patients with mild coagulation abnormalities. Transfusion. 1991;31(2):164-171.
37. Schoonover GA. Risk of bleeding during thoracentesis in anticoagulated patients. Chest. 2006;130(4):141S-d-2.
38. Gohlke-Barwolf C, Acar J, Oakley C, et al. Guidelines for prevention of thromboembolic events in valvular heart disease. Study Group of the Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 1995;16(10):1320-1330.
39. Popma JJ, Bittl JA. Coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasonography. In: Braunwald E, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds. Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA:WB Saunders; 2001:387-421.
40. El-Jack SS, Ruygrok PN, Webster MW, et al. Effectiveness of manual pressure hemostasis following transfemoral coronary angiography in patients on therapeutic warfarin anticoagulation. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97(4):485-488.
41. Jessup DB, Coletti AT, Muhlestein JB, Barry WH, Shean FC, Whisenant BK. Elective coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention during uninterrupted warfarin therapy. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2003;60(2):180-184.
42. Hildick-Smith DJ, Walsh JT, Lowe MD, Petch MC. Coronary angiography in the fully anticoagulated patient: the transradial route is successful and safe. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2003;58(1):8-10.
43. Lo TS, Buch AN, Hall IR, Hildick-Smith DJ, Nolan J. Percutaneous left and right heart catheterization in fully anticoagulated patients utilizing the radial artery and forearm vein: a two-center experience. J Interv Cardiol. 2006;19(3):258-263.
44. Sanmartin M, Pereira B, Rua R, et al. [Safety of diagnostic transradial catheterization in patients undergoing long-term anticoagulation with coumarin derivatives]. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2007;60(9):988-991. [Spanish]
45. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC Jr, Faxon DP, Freed MD, Gaasch WH, Lytle BW, Nishimura RA, O'Gara PT, O'Rourke RA, Otto CM, Shah PM, Shanewise JS 2008 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:e1-142.
46. Fuster V, Ryden LE, Asinger RW, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): developed in Collaboration With the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38(4):1231-1266.
47. Jafri SM. Periprocedural thromboprophylaxis in patients receiving chronic anticoagulation therapy. Am Heart J. 2004;147(1):3-15.
48. Kearon C, Hirsh J. Management of anticoagulation before and after elective surgery. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(21):1506-1511.
49. Tiede DJ, Nishimura RA, Gastineau DA, Mullany CJ, Orszulak TA, Schaff HV. Modern management of prosthetic valve anticoagulation. Mayo Clin Proc. 1998;73(7):665-680.
50. Landefeld CS, Beyth RJ. Anticoagulant-related bleeding: clinical epidemiology, prediction, and prevention. Am J Med. 1993;95(3):315-328.
51. Hoy E, Granick M, Benevenia J, Patterson F, Datiashvili R, Bille B. Reconstruction of musculoskeletal defects following oncologic resection in 76 patients. Ann Plast Surg. 2006;57(2):190-194.
52. Ihezue CU, Smart J, Dewbury KC, Mehta R, Burgess L. Biopsy of the prostate guided by transrectal ultrasound: relation between warfarin use and incidence of bleeding complications. Clin Radiol. 2005;60(4):459-463; discussion 457-458.
53. Lazio BE, Simard JM. Anticoagulation in neurosurgical patients. Neurosurgery. 1999;45(4):838-847; discussion 847-848.
54. Nielsen JD, Gram J, Holm-Nielsen A, Fabrin K, Jespersen J. Post-operative blood loss after transurethral prostatectomy is dependent on in situ fibrinolysis. Br J Urol. 1997;80(6):889-893.
55. Patterson BM, Marchand R, Ranawat C. Complications of heparin therapy after total joint arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg. 1989;71(8):1130-1134.
56. Sorbi D, Norton I, Conio M, Balm R, Zinsmeister A, Gostout CJ. Postpolypectomy lower GI bleeding: descriptive analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000;51(6):690-696.
57. Wiegand UK, LeJeune D, Boguschewski F, et al. Pocket hematoma after pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator surgery: influence of patient morbidity, operation strategy, and perioperative antiplatelet/ anticoagulation therapy. Chest. 2004;126(4):1177-1186.
58. Omran H, Hammerstingl C, Paar WD. [Perioperative bridging with enoxaparin. results of the prospective BRAVE registry with 779 patients]. Med Klin (Munich). 2007;102(10):809-815. [German]
59. Douketis JD, Johnson JA, Turpie AG. Low molecular weight heparin as bridging anticoagulation during interruption of warfarin: assessment of a standardized periprocedural anticoagulation regimen. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(12):1319-1326.
60. Dunn AS, Spyropoulos AC, Turpie AG. Bridging therapy in patients on long-term oral anticoagulants who require surgery: the Prospective Perioperative Enoxaparin Cohort Trial (PROSPECT). J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5(11):2211-2218.
61. Kovacs MJ, Kearon C, Rodger M, et al. Single-arm study of bridging therapy with low molecular weight heparin for patients at risk of arterial embolism who require temporary interruption of warfarin. Circulation. 2004;110(12):1658-1663.
62. Spyropoulos AC, Frost FJ, Hurley JS, Roberts M. Costs and clinical outcomes associated with low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin for perioperative bridging in patients receiving long-term oral anticoagulant therapy. Chest. 2004;125(5):1642-1650.
63. Turpie AG, Douketis JD. Enoxaparin is effective and safe as bridging anticoagulation in patients with a mechanical prosthetic heart valve who require temporary interruption of warfarin because of surgery or an invasive procedure. [Abstract #703]. ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts. Blood. 2004;104:202A.
64. Wysokinski WE, McBane RD, Daniels PR, et al. Periprocedural anticoagulation management of patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83(6):639-645.
65. Douketis JD, Woods K, Foster GA, Crowther MA. Bridging anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin after interruption of warfarin therapy is associated with a residual anticoagulant effect prior to surgery. Thromb Haemost. 2005;94(3):528-531.
66. O'Donnell MJ, Kearon C, Johnson J, et al. Brief communication: preoperative anticoagulant activity after bridging low molecular weight heparin for temporary interruption of warfarin. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(3):184-187.
67. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Atrial fibrillation: national clinical guideline for management in primary and secondary care. 2006. Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/cg036fullguideline. pdf. Accessed May 2009.
68. Spyropoulos AC, Turpie AG, Dunn AS, et al. Clinical outcomes with unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin as bridging therapy in patients on long-term oral anticoagulants: the REGIMEN registry. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4(6):1246-1252.
69. Gage BF,Waterman AD, ShannonW, BoechlerM, RichMW, RadfordMJ. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results fromthe National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA. 2001;285(22):2864-2870.
70. Baglin TP, Keeling DM, Watson HG. Guidelines on oral anticoagulation (warfarin). 3rd ed. 2005 update. Br J Haematol. 2006;132(3):277-285.
71. Garcia DA, Regan S, Henault LE, et al. Risk of thromboembolism with short-term interruption of warfarin therapy. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(1):63-69.