Angola's façade democracy

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 137-150

  Roque, Paula Cristina ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 73649136113     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.0.0121     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. See Global Witness, "Time for Transparency: Coming Clean on Oil, Mining, and Gas Revenues," March 2004, available at www.globalwitness.org/ media-library-detail.php/115/en/time-for-transparency;
2. and International Crisis Group, "Angola's Choice: Reform or Regress," Africa Report 61, April 2003.
3. The assimilados were the integrated, educated Angolans who had assimilated the Portuguese language, culture, and habits, and were a fundamental part of the urban colonial structure.
4. See Christine Knudsen, Alexander Mundt, and I.W. Zartman, Peace Agreements: The Case of Angola, Case Series 1 (Natal, South Africa: ACCORD, 2000).
5. See Mabel Gonzalez Bustelo, "Angola: Monarchy Supported by Oil Companies," Peace Research Center (CIP-FUHEM), 2004, available at www.cipresearch.fuhem.es/pazyseguridad/docs/ANGOLA%20ING%20OK.pdf.
6. Bertelsmann Transformation Index, "Angola Country Report," 2008, www.berteslmann-transformation-index.de/70.0.html.
7. Augusto Santana, "Political Parties and Political Evolution in Angola," EISA Research Report No. 28, 2006, 43; available at www.eisa.org.za/PDF/rr28.pdf.
8. See Christine Messiant, "The Mutation of Hegemonic Domination: Multiparty Politics Without Democracy," in Patrick Chabal and Nuno Vidal, eds., Angola: The Weight of History (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008).
9. The CNE, chaired by Caetano de Sousa, who also chaired the 1992 elections, was composed of 2 members nominated by the president, 3 from the ruling party, 3 from the opposition parties, 1 Supreme Court justice, 1 Ministry of Territorial Administration representative, and 1 elected by the National Council of Social Communication.
10. Interviews conducted with Angolan journalists, Luanda, 2 September 2008.
11. Images of this were shown regularly on the national television station.
12. Santana, "Political Parties and Political Evolution in Angola," 23.
13. Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), "Angola Country Profile, 2008," available at www.eiu.com.
14. The first vice-president of the commission is MPLA MP Ferreira Pinto, the second vice-president is UNITA MP Almerindo Jaka Jamba; of the 45 members, 35 are from the MPLA, 6 are from UNITA, 2 from the PRS, and one each from the FNLA and Nova Democracia.
15. "Constitutional Commission Members Appointed," Angola Monitor, Spring 2009, available at www.actsa.org/Pictures/UpImages/Angola/Angola-Monitor- Spring-09.pdf.
16. EIU, "Angola Country Profile 2008."
17. Many such as General "Kopelipa" hold important portfolios; he is currently the minister of military affairs in the Office of the Presidency but also heads the Office for National Reconstruction (GRN), which supervises the China Investment Fund. General Francisco Higino Carneiro, the minister of public works, controls the holding Caduta Organizações with interests in banking, insurance, tourism, and agroindustry. Angola's largest mobilephone company, Unitel, is partly owned by the president's daughter Isabel and by the head of communications in the presidency, Brigadier General Leopoldino Fragoso do Nascimento.
18. Nicholas Shaxson, João Neves, and Fernando Pacheco, "Drivers of Change, Angola: Final Report, January 2008," available at www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/publications/pub-007076.doc.
19. A term widely used in Angola to depict the monarch-like nature of Jose Eduardo dos Santos's rule.
20. See Freedom House, "Freedom in the World 2008 - Angola (2008)," available at www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year= 2008&country=7340.