The Grenville-age basement of the Andes

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 77-91

  Ramos, Victor A ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Arequipa; Chilenia; Cuyania; Grenville; Oaxaquia; Patagonia

Indexed keywords

BASEMENT ROCK; CAMBRIAN; GONDWANA; INLIER; LAURENTIA; ORDOVICIAN; PALEOZOIC; PHANEROZOIC; PLATE MOTION; PROTEROZOIC; RODINIA; TERRANE;

ANDES; CANADA; COLOMBIA; GRENVILLE PROVINCE; PATAGONIA;

EID: 73549124773     PISSN: 08959811     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2009.09.004     Document Type: Article

References (150)

1. Adams C.J., Miller H., Toselli A.J., and Griffin W. The Puncoviscana Formation of northwest Argentina: U-Pb geochronology of detrital zircons and Rd-Sr metamorphic ages and their bearing on its stratigraphic age, sediment provenance and tectonic setting. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Pälaontologie, Abhandlungen 247 (2008) 341-352
2. Aleman, A., Ramos, V.A., 2000. The Northern Andes. In: Cordani, U.J., Milani, E.J., Thomaz Filho, A., Campos, D.A. (Eds.), Tectonic Evolution of South America, 31st International Geological Congress, Río de Janeiro, pp. 453-480.
3. Allmendinger, R., Jordan, T., Palma, M., Ramos, V.A., 1982. Perfil estructural en la Puna Catamarqueña (25-27°S), Argentina. In: 5° Congreso Latinoamericano de Geología, Actas, Buenos Aires, vol. 1, pp. 499-518.
4. Aspden J.A., Harrison S., and Rundle C. New geochronological control for the tectono-magmatic evolution of the metamorphic basement, Cordillera Real and El Oro Province of Ecuador. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 1-2 (1992) 77-96
5. Astini R.A. El Ordovícico de la región central del Famatina (provincia de La Rioja, Argentina): a s pectos estratigráficos, geológicos y geotectónicos. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 53 4 (1998) 445-460 (Buenos Aire)
6. Astini R.A., and Dávila F.M. Ordovician back arc foreland and Ocloyic thrust belt development on the western Gondwana margin as a response to Precordillera terrane accretion. Tectonics 23 (2004) TC4008 10.1029/2003TC001620
7. Astini R.A., Benedetto J.L., and Vaccari N.E. The early Paleozoic evolution of the Argentina Precordillera as a Laurentian rifted, drifted, and collided terrane: a geodynamic model. Geological Society of America, Bulletin 107 (1995) 253-273
8. Astini, R., Ramos, V.A., Benedetto, J.L., Vaccari, N.E., Cañas, F.L., 1996. La Precordillera: un terreno exótico a Gondwana. In: 13° Congreso Geológico Argentino y 3° Congreso Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Actas, Buenos Aires, vol. 5, pp. 293-324.
9. Atherton M.P., and Webb S. Volcanic facies, structure and geochemistry of the marginal basin rocks of Central Perú. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 2 (1989) 241-261
10. Beck S.L., and Zandt G. The nature of orogenic crust in the central Andes, 1208. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 (2002) 10.1029/2000JB000124
11. Bellizzia, A., Pimentel, N., 1994. Terreno Mérida: un cinturón alóctono Herciniano en la Cordillera de Los Andes de Venezuela. In: 5° Simposio Bolivariano Exploración Petrolera en las Cuencas Subandinas, Memoria, pp. 271-299.
12. Benedetto J.L. The allochthony of the Argentine Precordillera ten years later (1993-2003): a new paleobiogeographic test of the microcontinent model. Gondwana Research 7 (2004) 1027-1039
13. Bettencourt, J.S., Leite, W.B., Ruiz, A.S., Matos, R., Payolla, B.L., Tosdal, R.M., 2009. The Rondonian-San Ignacio Province in the SW Amazonian Craton: an overview. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2009.08.006.
14. Bosch D., Gabriele P., Lapierre H., Malfere J.L., and Jaillard E. Geodynamic significance of the Raspas Metamorphic complex (SW Ecuador): geochemical and isotopic constraints. Tectonophysics 345 (2002) 83-102
15. Brito Neves B.B., Campos Neto M.C., and Fuck R.A. From Rodinia to Western Gondwana: an approach to the Brasiliano-Pan African cycle and orogenic collage. Episodes 22 (1999) 155-166
16. Cáceres, C., Cediel, F., Etayo, F., 2003. Mapas de distribución de facies sedimentarias y armazón tectónico de Colombia a través del Proterozoico y del Fanerozoico. Ingeominas, Bogotá, 40 pp.
17. Cardona, A., Cordani, U.G., Ruiz, J., Valencia, V., Nutran, A.P., Sanchez, A.W., 2005. U/Pb Detrital zircon geochronology and Nd isotopes from Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Marañon Complex: insights on the proto-Andean tectonic evolution of the eastern Peruvian Andes. In: 5° South American Symposium on Isotope Geology, Proceedings, Punta del Este, pp. 208-211.
18. Cardona A., Cordani U.G., and MacDonald W.D. Tectonic correlations of pre-Mesozoic crust from the northern termination of the Colombian Andes, Caribbean region. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 21 (2006) 337-354
19. Cardona, A., Cordani, U.G., Sanchez, A.W., 2007. Metamorphic, geochronological and geochemical constraints from the pre-Permian basement of the eastern Peruvian Andes (10°S): A Paleozoic extensional-accretionary orogen? Colloquium Latin American Earth Sciences, 20th, Kiel, pp. 29-30.
20. Cardona, A., Cordani, U.G., Nutran, A.P., 2008. U.Pb SHRIMP circón, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and Nd isotopes from granitoid rocks of the Illescas Massif, Peru: a southern extension of a fragmented Late Paleozoic orogen? In: 6° South American Symposium on Isotope Geology, Proceedings, Abstracts, Bariloche, p. 78.
21. Cardona, A., Valencia, V., Bustamante, C., García-Casco, A., Ojeda, G., Ruiz, J., Saldarriaga, M., Weber, M., 2009a. Tectonomagmatic setting and Provenance of the Santa Marta Schists, Northern Colombia: insights on the growth and approach of Cretaceous Caribbean oceanic terranes to the South American Continent, Journal of South American Earth Sciences. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2009.08.012.
22. Cardona A., Cordani U.G., Ruiz J., Valencia V.A., Armstrong R., Chew D., Nutman A., and Sanchez A.W. U-Pb Zircon geochronology and Nd isotopic signatures of the pre-Mesozoic metamorphic basement of the eastern Peruvian Andes: Growth and provenance of a Late Neoproterozoic to Carboniferous accretionary orogen on the northwest margin of Gondwana. The Journal of Geology 117 (2009) 285-305
23. Casquet C., Baldo E., Pankhurst R.J., Rapela C.W., Galindo C., Fanning C.M., and Saavedra J. Involvement of the Argentine Precordillera terrane in the Famatinian mobile belt: U-PB SHRIMP and metamorphic evidence from the Sierra de Pie de Palo. Geology 29 (2001) 703-706
24. Casquet C., Pankhurst R.J., Fanning C.M., Baldo E., Galindo C., Rapela C.W., González-Casado J.M., and Dahlquist J.A. U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating of Grenvillian metamorphism in Western Sierras Pampeanas (Argentina): correlation with the Arequipa-Antofalla craton and constraints on the extent of the Precordillera Terrane. Gondwana Research 9 (2006) 524-529
25. Casquet C., Pankhurst R.J., Rapela C.W., Galindo C., Fanning C.M., Chiaradia M., Baldo E., González-Casado J.M., and Dahlquist J.A. The Mesoproterozoic Maz terrane in the Western Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina, equivalent to the Arequipa-Antofalla block of southern Peru? Implications for West Gondwana margin evolution. Gondwana Research 13 (2008) 163-175
26. Cawood P.A. Terra Australis orogen: Rodinia breakup and development of the pacific and Iapetus margins of Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic. Earth Science Reviews 69 (2005) 249-279
27. Cediel F., Shaw R.P., and Cáceres C. Tectonic assembly of the northern Andean block. In: Bartolini C., Buffler R.T., and Blickwede J. (Eds). The Circum-Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean: Hydrocarbon Habitats, Basin Formation and, Plate Tectonics. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 79 (2003) 815-848
28. Chew D.M., Schaltegger U., Košler J., Whitehouse M.J., Gutjahr M., Spikings R.A., and Miškovíc A. U-Pb geochronologic evidence for the evolution of the Gondwanan margin of the north-central Andes. Geological Society of America, Bulletin 119 (2007) 697-711
29. Chew D.M., Magna T., Kirkland C.L., Mišković A., Cardona A., Spikings R., and Schaltegger U. Detrital zircon fingerprint of the Proto-Andes: evidence for a Neoproterozoic active margin?. Precambrian Research 167 (2008) 186-200
30. Cingolani, C., Varela, R., 1976. Investigaciones geológicas y geocronológicas en el extremo sur de la isla Gran Malvina, sector cabo Belgrano (Cabo Meredith), Islas Malvinas. In: 6° Congreso Geológico Argentino, Actas, Buenos Aires, vol. 1, pp. 457-474.
31. Coira B.L., Davidson J.D., Mpodozis C., and Ramos V.A. Tectonic and magmatic evolution of the Andes of Northern Argentina and Chile. Earth Science Reviews 18 (1982) 303-332
32. Coira B., Koukharsky M., Ribeiro Guevara S., and Cisterna C.E. Puna (Argentina) and Northern Chile Ordovician basic magmatism: a contribution to the tectonic setting. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 27 (2009) 24-35
33. Collo G., Astini R.A., Cawood P.A., Buchan C., and Pimentel M. U-Pb detrital zircon ages and Sm-Nd isotopic features in low-grade metasedimentary rocks of the Famatina belt: implications for late Neoproterozoic-early Palaeozoic evolution of the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana. Journal of the Geological Society 166 (2009) 303-319 10.1144/0016-76492008-051
34. Conti C.M., Rapalini A.E., Coira B., and Koukharsky M. Paleomagnetic evidence of an early Paleozoic rotated terrane in northwest Argentina: a clue of Gondwana-Laurentia interaction?. Geology 24 (1996) 953-956
35. Cordani U.G., and Teixeira W. Proterozoic accretionary belts in the Amazonian Craton. In: Hatcher Jr. R.D., Carlson M.P., McBride J.H., and Martínez-Catalán J.R. (Eds). 4-D Framework of Continental Crust. Geological Society of America, Memoir 200 (2007) 297-320
36. Cordani, U.G., Cardonna, A., Jímenez, D.M., Liu, D., Nutran, A.P., 2005. Geochronology of Proterozoic basement inliers from the Colombian Andes: tectonic history of remnants from a fragmented Grenville belt. In Vaughan, A.P.M., Leat, P.T., Pankhurst, R.J. (Eds.): Terrane Processes at the Margin of Gondwana Geological Society of London, Special Publication 246, 329-346 (Special Publication).
37. Cordani U.G., Teixeira W., D'Agrella-Filho M.S., and Trindade R.I. The position of the Amazonian Craton in supercontinents. Gondwana Research 15 (2009) 396-407
38. Cortés M., Colletta B., and Angelier J. Structure and tectonics of the central segment of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 21 (2006) 437-465
39. Dalziel I.W.D. Antarctica: a tale of two supercontinents. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science 20 (1992) 501-526
40. Dávila F.M., Astini R.A., Jordan T.E., Gehrels G., and Ezpeleta M. Miocene forebulge development previous to broken foreland partitioning in the southern Central Andes, west-central Argentina. Tectonics 26 (2007) TC5016 10.1029/2007TC002118
41. Díaz-Martínez, E., Sempere, T., Isaacson, P.E., Grader, G.W., 2000. Paleozoic of Western Gondwana active margin (Bolivian Andes). In: 31st International Geological Congress, (Río de Janeiro), Pre-Congress Fieldtrip, vol. 27, 31 p.
42. Duque-Caro H. The Choco Block in the NW corner of South America structural, tectonostigraphic and paleogeographic implications. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 3 (1990) 71-84
43. Escayola M.P., Pimentel M., and Armstrong R. Neoproterozoic backarc basin: sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe U-Pb and Sm-Nd isotopic evidence from the Eastern Pampean Ranges, Argentina. Geology 35 (2007) 495-498
44. Feininger T. Allochthonous terranes in the Andes of Ecuador and northwestern Peru. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24 (1987) 266-278
45. Finney S.C. The parautochthonous Gondwanan origin of Cuyania (greater Precordillera) terrane of Argentina: a revaluation of evidence used to support an allochthonous Laurentian origin. Geologica Acta 5 (2007) 127-158
46. Forsythe R.D., Davidson I., Mpodozis C., and Jesinskey C. Paleozoic relative motion of the Arequipa block and Gondwana; Paleomagnetic evidence from Sierra de Almeida of northern Chile. Tectonics 12 (1993) 219-236
47. Forero-Suárez A. The basement of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombia: an allochthonous terranes in northwestern South America. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 3 (1990) 141-152
48. Fuck R.A., Brito Neves B.B., and Schobbenhaus C. Rodinia descendants in South America. Precambrian Research 160 (2008) 108-126
49. Gangui, A., 1998. A combined structural interpretation based on seismic data and 3-D gravity modeling in the northern Puna/Eastern Cordillera. Ph.D. Dissertation, Freie Universität B(27), Berlín, pp. 1-176.
50. Gillis R.A., Gehrels G.E., Ruiz J., and Flores de Dios González L.A. Detrital zircon provenance of Cambrian-Ordovician and Carboniferous strata of the Oaxaca terrane, southern Mexico. Sedimentary Geology 182 (2005) 87-100
51. Harrison, S. M., 1990. Radiometric ages (Rb-Sr, K-Ar and Sm-Nd) for rocks from the Cordillera Real, Ecuador: Phase II: British Geological Survey Technical Report WC/90/12, 31p.
52. Hauser, N., Matteini, M., Pimentel, M.M., Omarini, R., 2009. Combined U-Pb and Hf-isotope study on the Puncoviscana Formation in Tastil area, Eastern Cordillera, NW Argentina: evidence for the maximum and minimum age. LAK 2009, Abstracts and Program, Göttingen, pp. 125-128.
53. Herbert H. Petrochemie und Ausgrangmaterial von Grünschiefern aus der E-cordillere Ecuadors. Fortschritte der Mineralogie 55 (1977) 1
54. Hervé F., Fanning C.M., and Pankhurst R.J. Detrital zircon age patterns and provenance of the metamorphic complexes of southern Chile. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 16 (2003) 107-123
55. Hoffman P.F. Did the breakout of Laurentia turn Gondwanaland inside-out?. Science 252 (1991) 1409-1412
56. Introcaso, A., Cabassi, I.R., 2002. Crustal thickness and general isostatic balance of Peruvian Andes from observed and predicting shortening. In: 5° International Symposium on Andean Geodynamics, Proceedings, Toulouse, pp. 315-317.
57. Jaillard E., Bengtson P., and Dhondt A.V. Late Cretaceous marine transgressions in Ecuador and northern Peru: a refined stratigraphic framework. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 19 (2005) 307-323
58. Jiménez D.A., Juliani C., and Cordani U.G. P-T-t conditions of high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Garzon Massif, Andean basement, SE Colombia. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 21 (2006) 322-336
59. Jiménez N., and López-Velásquez S. Magmatism in the Huarina belt, Bolivia, and its geotectonic implications. Tectonophysics 459 (2008) 85-106
60. Kay S.M., Orrell S., and Abbruzzi J.M. Zircon and whole rock Nd-Pb isotopic evidence for a Grenville age and a Laurentian origin for the Precordillera terrane in Argentina. Journal of Geology 104 (1996) 637-648
61. Keppie J.D. Terranes of Mexico revisited: A 1.3 billion year Odyssey. International Geology Review 46 (2004) 765-794
62. Keppie J.D., and Dostal J. Rift-related basalts in the 1.2-1.3 Ga granulites of the northern Oaxacan complex, southern Mexico: evidence for a rifted arc on the northwestern margin of Amazonia. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 118 (2007) 63-74
63. Keppie J.D., and Ortega-Gutiérrez F. Provenance of Mexican terranes: isotopic constraints. International Geology Review 37 (1995) 813-824
64. Keppie J.D., and Ortega-Gutiérrez F. 1.3-0.9 Ga Oaxaquia (Mexico): remnant of an arc/backarc on the northern margin of Amazonia. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 29 (2010) 21-27
65. Keppie J.D., Dostal J., Miller B.V., Ramos-Arias M.A., Morales-Gámez M., Nance R.D., Murphy J.B., Ortega-Rivera A., Lee J.W.K., Housh T., and Cooper P. Ordovician - earliest Silurian rift tholeiites in the Acatlán complex, southern Mexico: evidence of rifting on the southern margin of the Rheic Ocean. Tectonophysics 461 (2008) 130-156
66. Keppie J.D., Dostal J., Murphy J.B., and Nance R.D. Synthesis and tectonic interpretation of the westernmost Paleozoic Variscan orogen in southern Mexico: from rifted Rheic margin to active Pacific margin. Tectonophysics 461 (2008) 277-290
67. Kröner A., and Cordani U. African, southern Indian and South American cratons were not part of the Rodinia supercontinent: evidence from field relationships and geochronology. Tectonophysics 375 (2003) 325-352
68. Li Z.X., Bogdanova S.V., Collins A.S., Davidson A., De Waele B., Ernst R.E., Fitzsimons I.C.W., Fuck R.A., Gladkochub D.P., Jacobs J., Karlstrom K.E., Lu S., Natapov L.M., Pease V., Pisarevskya S.A., Thrane K., and Vernikovsky V. Assembly, configuration, and break-up history of Rodinia: a synthesis. Precambrian Research 1-2 (2008) 179-210
69. Litherland M., Aspden J.A., and Jemielita R.A. The metamorphic belts of Ecuador. British Geological Survey, Overseas Memoir 11 (1994) 1-146
70. Loewy S.L., Connelly J.N., Dalziel I.W.D., and Gower C.F. Eastern Laurentia in Rodinia: constraints from wholerock Pb and U/Pb geochronology. Tectonophysics 375 (2003) 169-197
71. Loewy S.L., Connelly J.N., and Dalziel I.W.D. An orphaned basement block: the Arequipa-Antofalla Basement of the central Andean margin of South America. Geological Society of America, Bulletin 116 (2004) 171-187
72. López V.L., and Gregori D.A. Provenance and evolution of the Guarguaráz complex, Cordillera frontal, Argentina. Gondwana Research 7 (2004) 1197-1208
73. López de Azarevich, V.L., Escayola, M., Azarevich, M.B., Pimentel, M.M., Tassinari, C., in press. The Guarguaraz complex and the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian evolution of southwestern Gondwana: geochemical signatures and geochronological constraints. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2009.04.013.
74. Martens, U. C., Dunlap, W.J., 2003. Características del metamorfismo cretácico del terreno Tahamí como se infiere a partir de edades Ar-Ar obtenidas de las anfibolitas de Medellín, Cordillera Central de Colombia. 9° Congreso Colombiano de Geología, Actas, Medellín, pp. 47-48.
75. Martin-Gombojav N., and Winkler W. Recycling of Proterozoic crust in the Andean Amazon foreland of Ecuador: implications for orogenic development of the Northern Andes. Terra Nova 20 (2008) 22-31
76. Massonne H.-J., and Calderón M. P-T evolution of metapelites from the Guarguaráz complex, Argentina - evidence for Devonian crustal thickening close to the western Gondwana margin. Revista Geológica de Chile 35 (2008) 1-17
77. McDonough, M.R., Ramos, V.A., Isachsen, C.E., Bowring, S.A. and Vujovich, G.I., 1993. Nuevas edades de circones del basamento de la sierra de Pie de Palo, Sierras Pampeanas Occidentales de San Juan: sus implicancias para los modelos del supercontinente proterozoico de Rodinia. 12° Congreso Geológico Argentino y 2°Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Actas, Buenos Aires, vol. 3, pp. 340-342.
78. Miller H., and Sollner F. The Famatina complex (NWArgentina): backdocking of an island arc or terrane accretion? Early Palaeozoic geodynamics at theWestern Gondwana margin. In: Vaughan P., Leat P.T., and Pankhurst R.J. (Eds). Terrane Processes at the Margins of Gondwana. Geological Society of London 246 (2005) 241-256 (Special Publication)
79. Mišković A., Spikings R.A., Chew D.M., Košler J., Ulianov A., and Schaltegger U. Tectonomagmatic evolution of Western Amazonia: Geochemical characterization and zircon U-Pb geochronologic constraints from the Peruvian Eastern Cordilleran granitoids. Geological Society of America Bulletin 121 9/10 (2009) 1298-1324 10.1130/B26488.1
80. Moores E.M. Southwest US-East Antarctic (SWEAT) connection: a hypothesis. Geology 19 (1991) 425-428
81. Mpodozis C., and Ramos V.A. The Andes of Chile and Argentina. In: Ericksen G.E., Cañas Pinochet M.T., and Reinemud J.A. (Eds). Geology of the Andes and its relation to Hydrocarbon and Mineral Resources. Circumpacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, Earth Sciences Series, Houston 11 (1990) 59-90
82. Mourier T., Laj C., Megard F., Roperch P., Mitouard P., and Farfan M. An accreted continental terrane in northwestern Peru. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 88 (1988) 182-192
83. Moya, M.C., Malanca, S., Hongo, F.D., Bahlburg, H., 1993. El Tremadoc temprano en la Puna Occidental Argentina. 12° Congreso Geológico Argentino y 2° Congreso Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Actas, Buenos Aires, vol. 2, pp. 20-30.
84. Noble S.R., Aspden J.A., and Jemielita R. Northern Andean crustal evolution: new U-Pb geochronological constraints from Ecuador. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 109 (1997) 789-798
85. Omarini R.H., Sureda R.J., Götze H.J., Seilacher A., and Plüger F. Puncovicana fold belt in Northwestern Argentina: testimony of Late Proterozoic Rodinia fragmentation and pre-Gondwana collisional episodes. International Journal of Earth Sciences 88 (1999) 76-97
86. Ordóñez-Carmona O., and Pimentel M.M. Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic study of the Puquí complex, Colombian Andes. Journal of the South American Earth Sciences 15 (2002) 173-182
87. Ordóñez-Carmona O., Restrepo-Álvarez J.J., and Pimentel M.M. Geochronological and isotopical review of pre-Devonian crustal basement of the Colombian Andes. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 21 (2006) 372-382
88. Ortega-Gutiérrez F., Ruiz J., and Centeno-García E. Oaxaquia, a Proterozoic microcontinent accreted to North America during the late Paleozoic. Geology 23 12 (1995) 1127-1130
89. Pankhurst, R.J., Rapela, C.W., Fanning, C.M., 2001. The Mina Gonzalito gneiss: early Ordovician Metamorphism in Northern Patagonia. In: 3° South American Symposium on Isotope Geology, Actas Electrónicas, Sesion, Pucón, vol. 6, pp. 1-4.
90. Pankhurst R., Rapela C., and Loske W.P. Chronological study of pre-Permian basement rocks of southern Patagonia. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 16 (2003) 27-44
91. Pankhurst R.J., Rapela C.W., Fanning C.M., and Márquez M. Gondwanide continental collision and the origin of Patagonia. Earth Science Reviews 76 (2006) 235-257
92. Pereira E., Ortiz F., and Prichard H. Contribution to the knowledge of amphibolites and dunitas of Medellín (Complejo Ofiolítico of Aburrá). Dyna Revista Facultad Nacional de Minas 73 149 (2006) 17-30 (ISSN 0012-7353)
93. Pindell, J., Kennan L., in press. Tectonic evolution of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and northern South America in the mantle reference frame: an update In: James, K., Lorente, M.A., Pindell, J. (Eds.), The geology and evolution of the region between North and South America, Geological Society of London (Special Publication).
94. Pindell J.L., Higgs R., and Dewey J.F. Cenozoic palinspastic reconstruction, paleogeographic evolution, and hydrocarbon setting of the northern margin of South America. In: Pindell J.L., and Drake C. (Eds). Paleogeographic evolution and non-glacial eustasy, North America. Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) 58 (1998) 45-86 (Special Publication)
95. Pinheiro, G.M., Pimentel, M.M. y Schalamuk, I.B., 2008. Sm-Nd and LAM-ICPMS U-Pb data for Cambrian/Ordovician rocks of the Calalaste range, NW Argentina. In: 4° South American Symposium on Isotope Geology, Actas Digitales, Bariloche, 4 p.
96. Pratt T.T., Duque P., and Ponce M. An autochthonous geological model for the eastern Andes of Ecuador. Tectonophysics 399 (2005) 251-278
97. Quenardelle S., and Ramos V.A. The Ordovician western Sierras Pampeanas magmatic belt: record of Precordillera accretion in Argentina. In: Ramos V.A., and Keppie D. (Eds). Laurentia Gondwana Connections before Pangea. Geological Society of America 336 (1999) 63-86 (Special Paper)
98. Ramos, V.A., 1984. Patagonia: ¿Un continente paleozoico a la deriva? 9° Congreso Geológico Argentino (S.C. Bariloche), Actas, vol. 2, pp. 311-325.
99. Ramos V.A. Tectonics of the late Proterozoic-early Paleozoic: a collisional history of Southern South America. Episodes 11 (1988) 168-174
100. Ramos V.A. The basement of the Central Andes: the Arequipa and related terranes. Annual Review on Earth and Planetary Sciences 36 (2008) 289-324
101. Ramos V.A. Patagonia: a Paleozoic continent adrift?. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 26 (2008) 235-251
102. Ramos V.A. Anatomy and global context of the Andes: Main geologic features and the Andean orogenic cycle. In: Kay S.M., Ramos V.A., and Dickinson W. (Eds). Backbone of the Americas: Shallow Subduction, Plateau Uplift, and Ridge and Terrane Collision. Geological Society of America, Memoir 204 (2009) 31-65
103. Ramos, V.A., Alemán, A., 2000. Tectonic evolution of the Andes. In: Cordani, U.J., Milani, E.J., Thomaz Filho, A., Campos, D.A. (Eds.), Tectonic evolution of South America, 31° International Geological Congress, Río de Janeiro, pp. 635-685.
104. Ramos, V.A., Basei, M.A. 1997a. Gondwanan, Perigondwanan, and exotic terranes of southern South America. In: South American Symposium on Isotope Geology, Sao Paulo, pp. 250-252.
105. Ramos, V.A., Basei, M. 1997b. The basement of Chilenia: an exotic continental terrane to Gondwana during the Early Paleozoic. In: Symposium on Terrane Dynamics', New Zealand, vol. 97, pp. 140-143.
106. Ramos, V.A., Vujovich, G.I., 1993. The Pampia craton within western Gondwanaland. In: First Circum-Pacific and Circum-Atlantic Terrane Conference (Guanajuato). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología, Proceedings, Mexico, pp. 113-116.
107. Ramos V.A., Jordan T.E., Allmendinger R.W., Mpodozis C., Kay S.M., Cortés J.M., and Palma M.A. Paleozoic Terranes of the Central Argentine Chilean Andes. Tectonics 5 (1986) 855-880
108. Ramos V.A., Dallmeyer D., and Vujovich G. Time constraints on the early Paleozoic docking of the Precordillera, Central Argentina. In: Pankhurst R., and Rapela C.W. (Eds). The Proto-Andean Margin of Gondwana. Geological Society of London 142 (1998) 143-158 (Special Publication)
109. Ramos, V.A., Pimentel, M., Tunik, M., 2008a. Late Cretaceous synorogenic deposits of the Neuquén Basin (36-39°S): Age constraints from U-Pb dating in detrital zircons. In: 7th International Symposium on Andean Geodynamics (ISAG 2008, Nice), Extended Abstracts, pp. 423-426.
110. Ramos, V.A., Mahoney, B.J., Kimbrough, D., Grove, 2008b. Miocene synorogenic deposits: provenance and uplift history based on detrital zircons of the Aconcagua region, Argentina. In: 6° South American Symposium on Isotope Geology, Book of Abstracts, Bariloche, p. 48.
111. Rapalini A.E., and Astini R.A. Paleomagnetic confirmation of the Laurentian origin of the Argentine Precordillera. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 155 (1998) 1-14
112. Rapela C.W., Pankhurst R.J., Casquet C., Fanning C.M., Baldo E.G., González-Casado J.M., Galindo C., and Dahlquist J. The Río de la Plata craton and the assembly of SW Gondwana. Earth Science Reviews 83 (2007) 49-82
113. Rapela C.W., Pankhurst R.J., Casquet C., Baldo E., Galindo C., Fanning C.M., and Dahlquist J.M. The Western Sierras Pampeanas: protracted Grenville-age history (1330-1030 Ma) of intra-oceanic arcs, subduction-accretion at continental edge and AMCG intraplate magmatism. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 29 (2010) 105-127
114. Restrepo, J.J., 2003. Edad de generación y emplazamiento de ofiolitas en la Cordillera Central: Un replanteamiento. 9° Congreso Colombiano de Geología, Actas, Medellín, pp. 48-49.
115. Restrepo, J.J., Toussaint, J.-F., 1978. Ocurrencia del Precámbrico en las cercanías de Medellín, Cordillera Central de Colombia. Publicaciones Especiales de Geología, Universidad Nacional, Facultad de Minas, Medellín, vol. 12, pp. 1-11.
116. Restrepo, J., Toussaint, J., 1982. Metamorfismos superpuestos en la Cordillera Central de Colombia. 5° Congreso Latinoamericano de Geología, Actas, Buenos Aires, vol. 3, pp. 505-512.
117. Restrepo J.J., and Toussaint J.-F. Terranes and continental accretion in the Colombian Andes. Episodes 11 (1988) 189-193
118. Restrepo, J.J., Dunlap, J., Martens, U., Ordóñez-Carmona, O., Correa, A.M. 2008. Ar-Ar ages of amphibolites from the Central Cordillera of Colombia and their implications for tectonostratigraphic terrane evolution in the northwest Andes. In: 6° South American Symposium on Isotope Geology, Proceedings, Abstracts, Bariloche, p. 92.
119. Restrepo J.J., Ordóñez-Carmona O., and Moreno-Sánchez M. Comment on the Quebradagrande Complex: a lower Cretaceous ensialic marginal basin in the Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes by Nivia et al. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 28 (2009) 204-205
120. Restrepo-Pace P., Colmenares F., Higuera C., and Mayorga M. A fold-and-thrust belt along the western flank of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia - style, kinematics, and timing constraints derived from seismic data and detailed surface mapping. In: McClay K. (Ed). Thrust Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Systems. America Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 82 (2004) 598-613
121. Restrepo-Pace P.A., Ruiz J., Gehrels G., and Cosca M. Geochronology and Nd isotopic data of Grenville-age rocks in the Colombian Andes: new constraints for late Proterozoic-early Paleozoic paleocontinental reconstructions of the Americas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 150 (1997) 427-441
122. Sánchez, J., Palacios, O., Feininger, T., Carlotto, V., Quispesivana, L., 2006. Puesta en evidencia de granitoides triásicos en los Amotapes-Tahuín: deflexión de Huancabamba. 13° Congreso Peruano de Geología, Sociedad Geológica del Perú, Resúmenes Extendidos, Lima, pp. 312-315.
123. Sánchez-Zavala J.L., Centeno-García E., and Ortega-Gutiérrez F. Review of Paleozoic stratigraphy of México and its role in the Gondwana-Laurentia connections. In: Ramos V.A., and Keppie J.D. (Eds). Laurentia-Gondwana Connections before Pangea. Geological Society of America 336 (1999) 211-226 (Special Paper)
124. Sánchez-Zavala J.L., Ortega-Gutiérrez F., Keppie J.D., Jenner G.A., Belousova E., and Macías-Romo C. Ordovician and Mesoproterozoic zircons from the Tecomate Formation and Esperanza Granitoids, acatlán complex, southern Mexico: local provenance in the Acatlán and Oaxacan complexes. In: Keppie J.D., Murphy J.B., Ortega Gutiérrez F., and Ernst W.G. (Eds). Middle American Terranes, Potential Correlatives, and Orogenic Processes (2008), CRC Press 121-135
125. Sato A.M., Tickyj H., Llambías E.J., Basei M.A.S., and González P.D. Las Matras Block, Central Argentina (37°S-67°W): the southernmost Cuyania terrane and its relationship with the Famatinian orogeny. Gondwana Research 7 (2004) 1077-1087
126. Sempere T. Phanerozoic evolution of Bolivia and adjacent regions. In: Tankard A.J., Suárez R., and Welsink H.J. (Eds). Petroleum Basins of South America. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 62 (1995) 207-230
127. Spagnuolo C.M., Rapalini A.E., and Astini R.A. Palaeomagnetic confirmation of Palaeozoic clockwise rotation of the Famatina Ranges (NW Argentina): implications for the evolution of the SW margin of Gondwana. Geophysical Journal International 173 (2008) 63-78
128. Taboada A., Rivera L.A., Fuenzalida A., Cisternas A., Philip H., Bijwaard H., Olaya J., and Rivera C. Geodynamics of the northern Andes: subductions and intracontinental deformation (Colombia). Tectonics 19 (2000) 787-813
129. Teixeira W., Geraldes M.C., Matos R., Ruiz A.S., Saes G., and Vargas-Mattos G. A review of the tectonic evolution of the Sunsás belt, SW Amazonian Craton. J. South Am. Earth Sci. 29 (2010) 47-60
130. Thomas W.A., and Astini R.A. The Argentine Precordillera: a traveller from the Ouachita embayment of North American Laurentia. Science 273 (1996) 752-757
131. Thomas W.A., and Astini R.A. Ordovician accretion of the Argentine Precordillera terrane to Gondwana: a review. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 16 (2003) 67-79
132. Thornburg T., and Kulm L.D. Sedimentary basins of the Peru continental margin: structure, stratigraphy, and Cenozoic tectonics from 6°S to 16°S latitude. Geological Society of America, Memoir 154 (1981) 393-422
133. Trindade R.I.F., D'Agrella-Filho M.S., Epof I., and Brito Neves B.B. Paleomagnetism of Early Cambrian Itabaiana mafic Brazil) and the final assembly of Gondwana. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 244 (2006) 361-377
134. Tunik, M., Folguera, A., Naipauer, M., Pimentel, M., Ramos, V.A., in preparation. Early uplift and orogenic deformation in the Neuquén Basin: constraints on the Andean uplift from U-Pb and Hf isotopic data of detrital zircons. Tectonophysics.
135. Vallejo C., Spikings R.A., Winkler W., Luzieux L., Chew D., and Page L. The early interaction between the Caribbean Plateau and the NW South American Plate. Terra Nova 18 (2006) 264-269
136. van Staal, C. R., Escayola, M., Davis, B., 2009. Neoproteozoic to Cambrian tectonic evolution of the Proto-Andean margin of Gondwana: implications for the opening of Iapetus. Eos Transactions AGU, 90(22), Joint Assembly Supplement, Abstract U14A-03.
137. Vinasco, C., 2004. Evolucao Crustal e História Tectònica Dos Granitoides Permo-Triásicos Dos Andes Do Norte (Ph.D. Thesis): Sao Paulo, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 121 p.
138. Vinasco C.J., Cordani U.G., González H., Weber M., and Pelaez C. Geochronological, isotopic, and geochemical data from Permo-Triassic granitic gneisses and granitoids of the Colombian Central Andes. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 21 (2006) 355-371
139. von Gosen W. Stages of Late Palaeozoic deformation and intrusive activity in the western part of the North Patagonian Massif (southern Argentina) and their geotectonic implications. Geological Magazine 146 1 (2009) 48-71 10.1017/S0016756808005311
140. Von Huene R., and Scholl D.W. Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion and the growth of continental crust. Reviews of Geophysics 29 3 (1991) 279-316
141. Vujovich G., and Kay S.M. A Laurentian? Grenville-age oceanic arc/back-arc terrane in the Sierra de Pie de Palo, Western Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina. In: Pankhurst B., and Rapela C.W. (Eds). Protomargin of Gondwana. Geological Society of London 142 (1998) 159-180 (Special Publication)
142. In: Vujovich G.I., Fernandes L., and Ramos V.A. (Eds). Cuyania: an Exotic Block of Gondwana. Gondwana Research 7 (2004) 1003-1208
143. Wasteneys H.A., Clark A.H., Ferrar E., and Langridge R.J. Grenvillian granulite facies metamorphism in the Arequipa Massif, Peru: a Laurentia Gondwana link. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 132 (1995) 63-73
144. Weber B., Schaaf P., Valencia V.A., Iriondo A., and Ortega-Gutiérrez F. Provenance ages of late Paleozoic sandstones (Santa Rosa Formation) from the Maya block, SE Mexico. Implications on the tectonic evolution of western Pangea. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 23 (2006) 262-276
145. Weber B., Iriondo A., Premo W.R., Hecht L., and Schaaf P. New insights into the history and origin of the southern Maya block, SE México: U-Pb-SHRIMP zircon geochronology from metamorphic rocks of the Chiapas massif. International Journal of Earth Sciences 96 (2007) 253-269
146. Weber B., Valencia V.A., Schaaf P., Pompa-Mera V., and Ruiz J. Significance of provenance ages from the Chiapas Massif Complex (Southeastern Mexico): redefining the Paleozoic basement of the Maya Block and its evolution in a Peri-Gondwanan Realm. The Journal of Geology 116 (2008) 619-639
147. Willner A.P., Gerdes A., and Massonne H.-J. History of crustal growth and recycling at the Pacific convergent margin of South America at latitudes 29°-36°S revealed by a U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope study of detrital zircon from late Paleozoic accretionary systems. Chemical Geology 253 (2009) 114-129
148. Wörner G., Lezaun J., Beck A., Heber V., Lucassen F., Zinngrebe E., Rössling R., and Wilcke H.G. Geochronology, petrology, and geochemistry of basement rocks from Belen (N. Chile) and C. Uyarani (W. Bolivian Altiplano): implication for the evolution of the basement. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 13 (2000) 717-737
149. Yañez P., Ruiz J., Patchett P.J., Ortega-Gutiérrez F., and Gehrels G.E. Isotopic studies of the Acatlan complex, southern Mexico: implications for Paleozoic North American tectonics. Bulletin Geological Society of America 103 (1991) 817-828
150. Zimmerman, U., Kay, S.M., Bahlburg, H., 1999. Petrography and geochemistry of southern Puna (NW Argentina) pre-late Ordovician gabbroic to ultramafic units, intermediate plutonites and their host units: guide to evolution of the western margin of Gondwana. 14° Congreso Geológico Argentino, Actas, vol. 2, pp. 143-146.