Evaluation and justification of clinical pharmacy services

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 539-545

  Anderson, Scott V ^a   Schumock, Glen T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Benefit to cost ratio; Clinical pharmacist; Clinical pharmacy service; Cost benefit; Economic evaluation; Economic outcome; Pharmaceutical service; Pharmacoeconomics

Indexed keywords

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; AMBULATORY CARE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL PHARMACY; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; ECONOMIC EVALUATION; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HOSPITAL CARE; LITERATURE; MEDICAL SERVICE; MEDICARE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHARMACIST; REVIEW;

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; ECONOMICS, PHARMACEUTICAL; HUMANS; MODELS, ECONOMIC; PHARMACY SERVICE, HOSPITAL;

EID: 73549086969     PISSN: 14737167     EISSN: 17448379     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/erp.09.57     Document Type: Review

References (24)

1. Blesch G. Doing more with more? Hospitals face renewed calls for staffing mandates while dealing with recession-related workforce cuts. Mod. Healthc. 39(21), 26-27 (2009).
2. Willett MS, Bertch KE, Rich DS, Ereshefsky L. Prospectus on the economic value of clinical pharmacy services. A position statement of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. Pharmacotherapy 9(1), 45-56 (1989).
3. Schumock GT, Meek PK, Ploetz PA, Vermeulen LC. Economic evaluations of clinical pharmacy services: 1988-1995. Pharmacotherapy 16(6), 1188-1208 (1996).
4. Schumock GT, Butler MG, Meek PD et al. Evidence of the economic benefit of clinical pharmacy services: 1996-2000. Pharmacotherapy 23(1), 113-132 (2003).
5. Perez A, Doloresco F, Hoffman JM et al. Economic evaluations of clinical pharmacy services: 2001-2005. Pharmacotherapy 28(11), 285e-323e (2008). • Recent systematic review analyzing the benefit-to-cost ratio of clinical pharmacy services worldwide.
6. American College of Clinical Pharmacy. The definition of clinical pharmacy. Pharmacotherapy 28(6), 816-817 (2008).
7. Schumock G, Butler M. Evaluating and justifying clinical pharmacy services. In: Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes (2nd Edition). Grauer DW, Lee J, Odom TD et al (Eds). American College of Clinical Pharmacy, MO, USA, 1-18 (2003). •• Describes detailed methods for evaluating clinical pharmacy services and quantifying outcomes and results for justification of the services.
8. Pickard AS, Johnson JA, Farris KB. The impact of pharmacist interventions on health-related quality of life. Ann. Pharmacother. 33(11), 1167-1172 (1999).
9. Pickard AS, Hung S. An update on evidence of clinical pharmacy services' impact on health-related quality of life. Ann. Pharmacother. 40(9), 1623-1634 (2006).
10. Wagner EH, Grothaus LC, Sandhu N et al. Chronic care clinics for diabetes in primary care: a system-wide randomized trial. Diabetes Care 24(4), 695-700 (2001).
11. Kaboli PJ, Hoth AB, McClimon BJ, Schnipper JL. Clinical pharmacists and inpatient medical care. Arch. Intern. Med. 166(9), 955-964 (2006).
12. De Rijdt T, Willems L, Simoens S. Economic effects of clinical pharmacy interventions: a literature review. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 65(12), 1161-1172 (2008).
13. Hoffman JM, Meek PD, Touchette DR, Vermeulen LC, Schumock GT. Transparent and reproducible reports of economic evaluations of clinical pharmacy services: a goal for the future? Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 66(5), 442-443 (2009).
14. Bond CA, Raehl CL. Pharmacist-provided anticoagulation management in United States hospitals: death rates, length of stay, Medicare charges, bleeding complications, and transfusions. Pharmacotherapy 24(8), 953-963 (2004). • Detailed example of the use of multicenter retrospective registry analysis to provide justification of clinical pharmacy services.
15. Bond CA, Raehl CL. Clinical and economic outcomes of pharmacist-managed antiepileptic drug therapy. Pharmacotherapy 26(10), 1369-1378 (2006).
16. Bond CA, Raehl CL. Clinical and economic outcomes of pharmacist-managed antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgical patients. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 64(18), 1935-1942 (2007).
17. Lada P, Delgado G Jr. Documentation of pharmacists' interventions in an emergency department and associated cost avoidance. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 64(1), 63-68 (2007). • Detailed example of the use of single-center prospective analysis to provide justification of clinical pharmacy services.
18. Kopp BJ, Mrsan M, Erstad BL, Duby JJ. Cost implications of and potential adverse events prevented by interventions of a critical care pharmacist. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 64(23), 2483-2487 (2007).
19. Englesbe MJ, Pelletier SJ, Magee JC et al. Seasonal variation in surgical outcomes as measured by the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP). Ann. Surg. 246 (3), 456-465 (2007).
20. Pellegrino AN, Martin MT, Tilton JJ, Touchette DR. Medication therapy management services: definitions and outcomes. Drugs 69(4), 393-406 (2009).
21. Perez A. Evidence base for justification of clinical pharmacy services. Presented at: 2008 Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. KY, USA, 19-22 October 2008.
22. Websites
23. Mapi Research Institute. PROQOLID, the Patient-Reported Outcome and Quality of Life Instruments Database. 2009 www.proqolid.org
24. NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Clinical outcomes assessment: PROMIS. 18 February 2009 http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/clinicalresearch/overview-dyn