Brown bear den habitat and winter recreation in south-central Alaska

Journal of Wildlife Management

Volumn 74, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 35-42

  Goldstein, Michael I ^a   Poe, Aaron J ^a   Suring, Lowell H ^b   Nielson, Ryan M ^c   McDonald, Trent L ^c  

^a U S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE   (United States)

^b Northern Ecologic Limited Liability Company   (United States)

^c WESTERN ECOSYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Alaska; Brown bear; Den; Disturbance; Habitat; Kenai Peninsula; Ursus arctos; Winter recreation

Indexed keywords

BEAR; DEN; DISTURBANCE; HABITAT MANAGEMENT; LAND MANAGEMENT; RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY; TERRAIN;

ALASKA; KENAI PENINSULA; UNITED STATES;

URSUS ARCTOS;

EID: 73449129682     PISSN: 0022541X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2193/2008-490     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Alaska Department of Fish and Game [ADF&G]. 1998. Catalog of waters important for spawning, rearing or migration of anadromous fishes. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, USA.
2. Andersen, M., and J. Aars. 2008. Short-term behavioural response of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) to snowmobile disturbance. Polar Biology 31:501-507.
3. Apps, C. D., B. N. McLellan, J. G. Woods, and M. F. Proctor. 2004. Estimating grizzly bear distribution and abundance relative to habitat and human influence. Journal of Wildlife Management 68:138-152.
4. Burnham, K. P., and D. R. Anderson. 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. Second edition. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
5. Camp, J. 2001. 2000 situations and prospects of the Kenai Peninsula Borough. Kenai Peninsula Borough, Community Economic Development Division, Soldotna, Alaska, USA.
6. Craighead, F. C., and J. J. Craighead. 1972. Grizzly bear prehibernation and denning activities as determined by radio-tracking. Wildlife Monographs 32.
7. Del Frate, G. G. 1999. Units 7 and 15 brown bear. Pages 55-65 in M. Hicks, editor. Management report of survey and inventory activities 1 July 1996- 30 June 1998. Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-24-5 and W- 27-31, Study 4.0. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, USA.
8. Ducks Unlimited and Spatial Solutions. 1999. Kenai Peninsula earth cover classification users guide. Project no. AK-0033-001 and AK-0033-1002 Ducks Unlimited, Rancho Cordova, California, USA.
9. Elfström, M., J. E. Swenson, and J. P. Ball. 2008. Selection of denning habitats by Scandinavian brown bears Ursus arctos. Wildlife Biology 14:176-187.
10. Elowe, K. D., and W. E. Dodge. 1989. Factors affecting black bear reproductive success and cub survival. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:962-968.
11. Erickson, W. P., T. L. McDonald, K. G. Gerow, S. Howlin, and J. W. Kern. 2001. Statistical issues in resource selection studied with radiomarked animals. Pages 209-242 in J. J. Millspaugh and J. M. Marzluff, editors. Radio tracking and animal populations. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
12. Fielding, A. L., and J. F. Bell. 1997. A review of methods for assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence/absence models. Environmental Conservation 24:38-49.
13. Gaines, W. L. 2003. Black bear, Ursus americanus, denning chronology and den site selection in the northeastern cascades of Washington. Canadian Field-Naturalist 117:626-633.
14. Garcia, P., J. Lastra, J. Marqu?́nez, and C. Nores. 2007. Detailed model of shelter areas for the Cantabrian brown bear. Ecological Informatics 2:297-307.
15. Gimblett, R., M. Richards, and R. Itami. 2001. RBSim: geographic simulation of wilderness recreation behavior. Journal of Forestry 99:36-42.
16. Goodrich, J. M., and J. Berger. 1994. Winter recreation and hibernating black bears Ursus americanus. Biological Conservation 67:105-110.
17. Graves, T. A., S. Farley,M. I.Goldstein, and C. Servheen. 2007. Identification of functional corridors with movement characteristics of brown bears on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Landscape Ecology 22:765-772.
18. Graves, T. A., S. Farley, and C. Servheen. 2006. Frequency and distribution of highway crossings by Kenai Peninsula brown bears. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34:800-808. (Pubitemid 44784515)
19. Groff, C., A. Caliari, E. Dorigatti, and A. Gozzi. 1998. Selection of denning caves by brown bears in Trentino, Italy. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 10:275-279.
20. Huston, M., D. DeAngelis, and W. Post. 1988. New computer models unify ecological theory. BioScience 38:682-691.
21. Huygens, O., M. Goto, S. Izumiyama, H. Hayashi, and T. Yoshida. 2001. Denning ecology of two populations of Asiatic black bears in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Mammalia 65:417-428.
22. Johnson, C. J., S. E. Nielsen, E. H. Merril, T. L. McDonald, and M. S. Boyce. 2006. Resource selection functions based on use-availability data: theoretical motivation and evaluation methods. Journal of Wildlife Management 70:347-357.
23. Judd, S. L., R. R. Knight, and B. M. Blanchard. 1986. Denning of grizzly bears in the Yellowstone National Park area. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 6:111-117.
24. Keating, K. A., P. J. P. Gogan, J. M. Vore, and L. R. Irby. 2007. A simple solar radiation index for wildlife habitat studies. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:1344-1348.
25. Lindzey, F. G., and E. C. Meslow. 1976. Characteristics of black bear dens on Long Island, Washington. Northwest Science 50:236-242.
26. Linnell, J. D. C., J. E. Swenson, R. Andersen, and B. Barnes. 2000. How vulnerable are denning bears to disturbance? Wildlife Society Bulletin 28:400-413.
27. Manly, B. J. F. 1997. Randomization, bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods in biology. Second edition. Chapman and Hall, London, United Kingdom.
28. Manly, B. J. F., L. L. McDonald, D. L. Thomas, T. L. McDonald, and W. P. Erickson. 2002. Resource selection by animals: statistical design and analysis for field studies. Kluwer Academic, Norwell, Massachusetts, USA.
29. Mattson, D. J., S. Herrero, R. G. Wright, and C. M. Pease. 1996. Science and management of Rocky Mountain grizzly bears. Conservation Biology 10:1013-1025.
30. McLellan, B. N. 1998. Maintaining viability of brown bears along the southern fringe of their distribution. Ursus 10:607-611.
31. Mech, L. D. 1983. A handbook of animal radio-tracking. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, USA.
32. Miller, S. D. 1990. Denning ecology of brown bears in southcentral Alaska and comparisons with a sympatric black bear population. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 8:279-287.
33. Mitchell, F. S., D. P. Onorato, E. C. Hellgren, J. R. Skiles, Jr., and L. A. Harveson. 2005. Winter ecology of American black bears in a desert montane island. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33:164-171.
34. Neter, J., W. Wasserman, and M. H. Kutner. 1985. Applied linear statistical models: regression, analysis of variance, and experimental designs. Second edition. Richard D. Irwin, Homewood, Illinois, USA.
35. Petram, W., F. Knauer, and P. Kaczensky. 2004. Human influence on the choice of winter dens by European brown bears in Slovenia. Biological Conservation 119:129-136.
36. Podruzny, S. R., S. Cherry, C. C. Schwartz, and L. A. Landenburger. 2002. Grizzly bear denning and potential conflict areas in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem. Ursus 13:19-28.
37. Poe, A. J., R. H. Gimblett, M. I. Goldstein, and P. Guertin. 2006. Evaluating spatiotemporal interactions between winter recreation and wildlife using agent-based simulation modeling on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Pages 311-312 in D. Siegrist, C. Clivaz, M. Hunziker, and S. Iten, editors. Exploring the nature of management. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas. University of Applied Sciences, Rapperswil, Switzerland. ,http://www.wsl.ch/mmv- 3/call/ MMV3-proceedings.pdf. Accessed 14 Aug 2009.
38. Reynolds, H. V., J. A. Curatolo, and R. Quimby. 1974. Denning ecology of grizzly bears in northeastern Alaska. International Conference of Bear Research and Management 3:403-409.
39. Reynolds-Hogland, M. J., M. S. Mitchell, R. A. Powell, and D. C. Brown. 2007. Selection of den sites by black bears in the Southern Appalachians. Journal of Mammalogy 88:1062-1073.
40. Schoen, J. W., L. R. Beier, J. W. Lentfer, and L. J. Johnson. 1987. Denning ecology of brown bears on Admiralty and Chichagof Islands. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 7:293-304.
41. Schwartz, C. C., and S. M. Arthur. 1997. Cumulative effects model verification, sustained yield estimation, and population viability management of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska brown bear. Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Study 4.27. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, USA.
42. Schwarz, G. E. 1978. Estimating the dimension of a model. Annals of Statistics 6:461-464.
43. Smith, M. E., J. L. Hechtel, and E. H. Follmann. 1994. Black bear denning ecology in Interior Alaska. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 9:513-522.
44. Stephens, P. A., S. W. Buskirk, G. D. Hayward, and C. Mart?́nez del Rio. 2005. Information theory and hypothesis testing: a call for pluralism. Journal of Applied Ecology 42:4-12.
45. Suring, L. H., K. R. Barber, C. C. Schwartz, T. N. Bailey, W. C. Shuster, and M. D. Tetreau. 1998. Analysis of cumulative effects on brown bears on the Kenai Peninsula, south-central Alaska. Ursus 10:107-117.
46. Suring, L. H., and G. Del Frate. 2002. Spatial analysis of locations of brown bears killed in defense of life or property on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA. Ursus 13:237-245.
47. Suring, L.H., S. D. Farley, G. V.Hilderbrand,M. I.Goldstein, S.Howlin, and W. P. Erickson. 2006. Patterns of landscape use by female brown bears on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 70:1580-1587.
48. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service [USDA FS]. 2002. Final environmental impact statement: Chugach National Forest land management plan revision. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Alaska Region R10-MB-480d, Chugach National Forest, Anchorage, USA.
49. Van Daele, L. J., V. G. Barnes, Jr., and R. B. Smith. 1990. Denning characteristics of brown bears on Kodiak Island, Alaska. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 8:257-267.