Pharmacogenomic testing for warfarin dosing: We are ready now

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy

Volumn 7, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 1483-1485

  Wu, Alan H B ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b SAN FRANCISCO GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOCHROME P450 2C9; MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEX; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VITAMIN K EPOXIDE REDUCTASE COMPLEX 1; WARFARIN;

BLEEDING; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG OVERDOSE; DRUG SAFETY; EDITORIAL; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENOTYPE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PHARMACOGENOMICS; PROTHROMBIN TIME; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; THROMBOSIS;

ANTICOAGULANTS; ARYL HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASES; GENETIC VARIATION; HEMORRHAGE; HUMANS; MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES; PHARMACOGENETICS; WARFARIN;

EID: 73349134319     PISSN: 14779072     EISSN: 17448344     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/erc.09.117     Document Type: Editorial

References (23)

1. Rieder MJ, Reiner AP, Gage BF et al. Effect of VKORC1 haplotypes on transcriptional regulation and warfarin dose. N. Engl. J. Med. 352, 2285-2293 (2005).
2. International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium. Improved warfarin dosing with a global pharmacogenetic algorithm. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 753-764 (2009).
3. Hillman MA, WIlke RA, Yale Sh et al. A prospective, randomized pilot trial of model-based warfarin dose initiation using CYP2C9 genotype and clinical data. Clin. Med. Res. 3, 137-145 (2005).
4. Anderson JL, Horne BD, Steves SM et al. Randomized trial of genotype-guided versus standard warfarin dosing in patients initiating oral anticoagulation. Circulation 116, 2563-2570 (2007).
5. CaracoY, Blotnick S, Muszak M et al. CYP2C9 genotype-guided warfarin prescribing enchances the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation, a prospective randomized controlled study. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 93, 467-470 (2008).
6. Eckman MH, Rosand J, Greenberg SM et al. Cost-effectiveness of using pharmacogenetic information in warfarin dosing for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann. Intern. Med. 150, 73-83 (2009).
7. Wu AHB, Babic N, Yeo JT. Implementation of pharmacogenomics into the clinical practice of therapeutics, issues for the clinician and the laboratorian. Person. Med. 6, 315-327 (2009).
8. Flockhart DA, O'Kane D, Williams MS, Watson MS. Pharmacogenetic testing of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 alleles for warfarin. Genet. Med. 10, 139-150 (2008).
9. Ansell J, Hirsh J, Hylek E, Jacobson A, Crowther M, Palareti G. Pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists. Amercian College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 133, S160-S198 (2008).
10. Limdi NA, Veenstra DL. Warfarin pharmacogenetics. Pharmacotherapy 28, 1084-1097 (2008).
11. Peterson P, Hayes T, Arkin C et al. The preoperative bleeding time test lacks clinical benefit. College of American Pathologists and American Society of Clinical Pathologists position article. Arch. Surg. 133, 134-139 (1998).
12. Wu AHB, Gross S. Response to tips from the clinical experts. Med. Lab. Observ. 38(2), 6-8 (2006).
13. Craven LL. Acetyl salicylic acid, possible prevention of coronary thrombosis. Ann. Western Med. Surg. 4, 95-99 (1950).
14. Morrow DA, Cannon CP, Rifai N et al. Ability of minor elevations of troponins I and T to predict benefit from an early invasive strategy in patients with unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, results from a randomized trial. JAMA 286, 2405-2412 (2001).
15. Takeuch F, McGinnis R,Bourgeois S et al. A genome-wide association study confirms VKORC1, CYP2C9, and CYP4F2 as principal genetic determinants of warfarin dose. PLoS Genet. 5, e1000433 (2009).
16. Teagarden JR. Warfarin and pharmacogenomic testing, what would Pascal do? Pharmacotherapy 29, 245-247 (2009).
17. Woodcock J, Lesko LJ. Pharmacogenetics-tailoring treatment for the outliers. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 811-813 (2009).
18. Pegels CC, Seagle JP. A note on the hidden added costs of RIA test adoption. Transfusion 13, 154-155 (1973).
19. Eckman MH, Rosand J, Greenbert SM, Gage BF. Cost-effectiveness of using pharmacogenetic information in warfarin dosing for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann. Intern. Med. 150, 73-83 (2009).
20. Machalek A. Could genetics improve warfarin dosing www.nigms.nih.gov/ News/Results/Warfarin02182009.htm (Accessed 18 February 2009)
21. Lesko L, Regulatory science at the US FDA, integrating scientific advances into the product label www.aacc.org/members/nach/LMPG/OnlineGuide/ DraftGuidelines/ Pharmacogenetics/Pages/default.aspx
22. Use of genetic testing to guide the initiation of warfarin therapy. A technology assessment. California Technology Assessment Forum www.ctaf.org/content/assessment/ detail/814 (Accessed 5 May 2008)
23. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Decision memo for pharmacogenomic testing for warfarin response (CAG-00400N) www.cms.hhs.gov/mcd/ viewdecisionmemo. asp?from2=viewdecisionmemo. asp&id=224& (Accessed 3 August 2009)