Calcrete features and age estimates from U/Th dating: Implications for the analysis of Quaternary erosion rates in the northern limb of the Sierra Nevada range (Betic Cordillera, southeast Spain)

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 416, Issue , 2006, Pages 223-239

  Azanon J M ^a,b   Tuccimei, P ^c   Azor, A ^a   Sanchez Almazo I M ^a   Alonso Zarza, A M ^d   Soligo, M ^c   Perez Pena J V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

^b INSTITUTO ANDALUZ DE CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA   (Spain)

^c ROMA TRE UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

Author keywords

Betic Cordillera; Calcretes; Guadix basin; Quaternary incision rates; River capture; SE Spain; Stable isotopes; U Th dating

Indexed keywords

DEPOSITS; LITHOLOGY;

BETIC CORDILLERA; CALCRETES; GUADIX BASIN; INCISION RATES; STABLE ISOTOPES;

EROSION;

AGE; CALCRETE; CANYON; DRAINAGE; EROSION RATE; LANDSCAPE; PLEISTOCENE; QUATERNARY; SEDIMENTATION; TORTONIAN;

ALBORAN; ALMERIA [ANDALUCIA]; ANDALUCIA; ATLANTIC OCEAN; GRANADA [ANDALUCIA]; GUADIX BASIN; IBERIAN MARGIN; NEVADA; SPAIN; UNITED STATES;

EID: 73349096597     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/2006.2416(14)     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Alam, M.S., Keppens, E., and Paepe, R., 1997, The use of oxygen and carbon isotope composition of pedogenic carbonates from Pleistocene palaeo-sols in NW Bangladesh, as palaeoclimatic indicators: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 16, p. 161-168, doi: 10.1016/S0277-3791(96)00044-3.
2. Alonso-Zarza, A.M., 2003, Palaeoenvironmental significance of palustrine carbonates and calcretes in the geological record: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 60, p. 261-298, doi: 10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00106-X.
3. Alonso-Zarza, A.M., and Arenas, C., 2004, Cenozoic calcretes from the Teruel Graben, Spain: Microstructure, stable isotope geochemistry and environmental significance: Sedimentary Geology, v. 167, p. 91-108, doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.02.001.
4. Alonso-Zarza, A.M., and Silva, P.G., 2002, Quaternary laminar calcretes with bee nests: Evidences of small scale climatic fluctuations, eastern Canary Islands, Spain: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 178, p. 119-135, doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00405-9.
5. Alonso-Zarza, A.M., Silva, P., Goy, J.L., and Zazo, C., 1998a, Fan-surface dynamics and biogenic calcrete development: Interactions during ultimate phases of fan evolution in the semiarid SE Spain (Murcia): Geomorphol-ogy, v. 24, p. 147-167, doi: 10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00022-1.
6. Alonso-Zarza, A.M., Sanz, M.E., Calvo, J.P., and Estévez, P., 1998b, Calcified root cells in Miocene pedogenic carbonates of the Madrid Basin: Evidence for the origin of Microcodium b: Sedimentary Geology, v. 116, p. 81-97, doi: 10.1016/S0037-0738(97)00077-8.
7. Arakel, A.V., 1986, Evolution of calcrete in palaeodrainages of the Lake Narp-perby area, Central Australia: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Pal-aeoecology, v. 54, p. 283-303, doi: 10.1016/0031-0182(86)90129-X.
8. Azañón, J.M., Azor, A., Booth-Rea, G., and Torcal, F., 2004, Small-scale faulting, topographic steps and seismic ruptures in the Alhambra (Granada, SE Spain): Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 19, p. 219-227, doi: 10.1002/ jqs.838.
9. Azañón, J.M., Azor, A., Pérez-Peña, J.V., and Carrillo, J.M., 2005, Late Quaternary large-scale rotational slides induced by river incision: The Arroyo de Gor area (Guadix basin, SE Spain): Geomorphology v. 69, p. 152-168.
10. Banda, E., Gallart, J., García-Dueñas, V., Danobeitia, J.J., and Makris, J., 1993, Lateral variation of the crust in the Iberian Peninsula: New evidence from the Betic Cordillera: Tectonophysics, v. 221, p. 53-66, doi: 10.1016/0040- 1951(93)90027-H.
11. Bischoff, J.L., and Fitzpatrick, J.A., 1991, U-series dating of impure carbonates: An isochron technique using total sample dissolution: Geo-chimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, p. 543-554, doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90011-S.
12. Booth-Rea, G., Azañón, J.M., Azor, A., and García-Dueñas, V., 2004, Influence of strike-slip fault segmentation on drainage evolution and topography: A case study: The Palomares fault zone (southeastern Betics, Spain): Journal of Structural Geology, v. 26, p. 1615-1632, doi: 10.1016/ j.jsg.2004.01.007.
13. Botella M., Martínez, C., and Cárdenas, F.J., 1985, Las industrias paleolíticas de Cueva Horá (Darro, Granada): Antropología y Paleoecología Humana, v. 1, p. 59-74.
14. Botella, M., Martínez, C., Cárdenas, F.J., and Cañabate, M.J., 1986, Industria musteriense y achelense de Cueva Horá (Darro, Granada): Book in Honour of Luis Siret: Granada, Spain, Junta de Andalucía, p. 79-95.
15. Braga, J.C., Martín, J.M., and Quesada, C., 2003, Patterns and average rates of late Neogene-Recent uplift of the Betic Cordillera: SE Spain: Geomor-phology, v. 50, p. 3-26, doi: 10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00205-2.
16. Caballero, E., Jiménez de Cisnero, C., and Reyes, E., 1996, A stable isotope study of cave seepage waters: Applied Geochemistry, v. 11, p. 583-587, doi: 10.1016/0883-2927(96)00026-1.
17. Calvache, M.L., and Viseras, C., 1997, Long-term control mechanisms of stream piracy processes in southeast Spain: Earth Surface Processes and Land-forms, v. 22, p. 93-105, doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199702)22:2<93:: AID-ESP673>3.0.CO;2-W.
18. Candy, I., Black, S., Sellwood, B.W., and Rowan, J.S., 2003, Calcrete profile development in Quaternary alluvial sequences, southeast Spain: Implications for using calcretes as a basis for landform chronologies: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 28, p. 169-185, doi: 10.1002/esp.445.
19. Candy, I., Black, S., and Sellwood, B.W., 2004, Quantifying time scales of pedogenic calcrete formation using U-series disequilibria: Sedimentary Geology, v. 170, p. 177-187, doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.07.003.
20. Cerling, T.E., 1984, The stable isotopic composition of modern soil carbonate and its relationship to climate: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 71, p. 229-240, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(84)90089-X.
21. Cerling, T.E., and Quade, J., 1993, Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in soil carbonates, in Swart, P.K., Lohmann, K.C., Mckenzie, J.A., and Savin, F., eds., Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 78, p. 217-231.
22. Crespo-Blanc, A., Orozco, M., and García-Dueñas, V., 1994, Extension versus compression during the Miocene tectonic evolution of the Betic chain: Late folding of normal fault systems: Tectonics, v. 13, p. 79-88, doi: 10.1029/93TC02231.
23. Dansgaard, W., Johnsen, S.J., Clausen, H.B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Gunderstrup, N.S., Hammer, C.V., Hvidberg, C.S., Steffensen, J.P., Sveinbjornsdottin, A.E., Jouzel, J., and Bard, G., 1993, Evidence for general instability of past climate from 250 kyr ice-core record: Nature, v. 364, p. 218-220, doi: 10.1038/364218a0.
24. DeMets, C., Gordon, R.G., Argus, D.F., and Stein, S., 1994, Effect of recent revisions to the geomagnetic reversal time scale on estimates of current plate motions: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 21, p. 2191-2194, doi: 10.1029/94GL02118.
25. 4 vegetation evolution over the last 7.0 Myr in the Chinese Loess Plateau: Evidence from pedogenic carbonate δ13C: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 160, p. 291-299, doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00076-6.
26. Dumas, B., 1969, Glacis et croutes calcaires dans le levant Espagnol: Bulletin de l'Association de Geographes Français, v. 375-376, p. 553-561.
27. Edwards, R.L., Chen, J.H., and Wasserburg, G.J., 1987, 238U-234U-230Th-232Th systematics and the precise measurement of time over the past 500,000 years: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 81, p. 175-192, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(87)90154-3.
28. Fernández, J., Viseras, C., and Soria, J.M., 1996, Stratigraphic architecture of the Neogene basins in the central sector of the Betic Cordillera (Spain): Tectonic control and base-level changes, in Friend, P.F., and Dabrio, C., eds., Tertiary Basins of Spain: The Stratigraphic Record of Crustal Kinematics: Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, p. 353-365.
29. 4 biomass in the Great Plains, USA: Geology, v. 31, p. 809-812, doi: 10.1130/G19580.1.
30. 4 -grasslands of the Great Plains, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeo-climatology, Palaeoecology, v. 207, p. 305-329, doi: 10.1016/S0031- 0182(04)00045-8.
31. Galindo-Zaldívar, J., González-Lodeiro, F., and Jabaloy, A., 1989, Progressive extensional shear structures in a detachment contact in the western Sierra Nevada (Betic Cordilleras, Spain): Geodinamica Acta, v. 3, p. 73-85.
32. Galindo-Zaldívar, J., Jabaloy, A., Serrano, I., Morales, J., González-Lodeiro, F., and Torcal, F., 1999, Recent and present-day stresses in the Granada basin (Betic Cordilleras): Example of a late Miocene-present-day extensional basin in a convergent plate boundary: Tectonics, v. 18, p. 686-702, doi: 10.1029/1999TC900016.
33. Galindo-Zaldívar, J., Gil, A.J., Borque, M.J., González Lodeiro, F., Jabaloy, A., Marin Lechado, C., Ruano, P., and Sanz de Galdeano, C., 2003, Active faulting in the internal zones of the central Betic Cordilleras (SE, Spain): Journal of Geodynamics, v. 36, p. 239-250, doi: 10.1016/S0264-3707(03)00049-8.
34. García, A.F., Zhu, Z., Ku, T.L., Sanz de Galdeano, C., Chadwick, O.A., and Chacón Montero, J., 2003, Tectonically driven landscape development within the eastern Alpujarran Corridor, Betic Cordillera, SE Spain (Almeria): Geomorphology, v. 50, p. 83-110, doi: 10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00209-X.
35. García, A.F., Zhu, Z., Ku, T.L., Chadwick, O.A., and Chacón Montero, J., 2004, An incision wave in the geologic record, Alpujarran Corridor, southern Spain (Almería): Geomorphology, v. 60, p. 37-72, doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.07.012.
36. García-Dueñas, V., Balanyá, J.C., and Martínez-Martínez, J.M., 1992, Miocene extensional detachments in the outcropping basement of the northern Alboran basin (Betics) and their tectonic implications: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 12, p. 88-95, doi: 10.1007/BF02084917.
37. Harvey, A.M., Miller, S.Y., and Wells, S.G., 1995, Quaternary soil and river terrace sequences in the Aguas/Feos River systems: Sorbas basin, southeast Spain, in Lewin, J., Macklin, M.G., and Woodward, J.C., eds., Mediterranean Quaternary River Environments: Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 263-281.
38. Harvey, A.M., Goy, J.L., Stokes, M., Zazo, C., Silva, P.G., and Mather, A.E., 1999, The impact of Quaternary sea-level and climatic change on coastal alluvial fans in the Cabo de Gata ranges, southeast Spain: Geomorphol-ogy, v. 28, p. 1-22, doi: 10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00100-7.
39. Jiamao, H., Keppens, E., Tungsheng, L., Paepe, R., and Wenying, J., 1997, Stable isotope composition of the carbonate concretion in loess and climate change: Quaternary International, v. 37, p. 37-43, doi: 10.1016/1040-6182(96) 00005-5.
40. Jiménez-Espinosa, R., and Jiménez-Millán, J., 2003, Calcrete development in Mediterranean colluvial carbonates systems from SE Spain: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 53, p. 479-489, doi: 10.1006/jare.2002.1061.
41. Kelly, M., Black, S., and Rowan, J.S., 2000, A calcrete-based U/Th chronology for landform evolution in the Sorbas basin, southeast Spain: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 19, p. 995-1010, doi: 10.1016/S0277-3791(99) 00050-5.
42. Ludwig, K.R., 2003, Mathematical-statistical treatment of data and errors for 230Th/U geochronology, in Bourdon, B., Henderson, G.M., Lundstrom, C.C., and Turner, S.P., eds., Uranium-Series Geochemistry: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 52, p. 631-656.
43. Ludwig, K.R., and Titterington, D.M., 1994, Calculation of 230Th/U isochrons, ages, and errors: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, p. 5031-5042, doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90229-1.
44. Luo, S., and Ku, T.L., 1991, U-series dating: A generalised method employing total sample dissolution: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, p. 555-564, doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90012-T.
45. Machette, M.N., 1985, Calcic soils of southwestern United States, in Weide, D.L., ed., Soil and Quaternary Geology of the Southwestern United States: Geological Society of America Special Paper 203, p. 1-21.
46. Mack, G.H., and James, W.C., 1994, Paleoclimate and the global distribution of paleosols: The Journal of Geology, v. 102, p. 360-366.
47. Mancilla, F.L., Ammona, C.J., Herrmann, R.B., and Morales, J., 2002, Faulting parameters of the 1999 Mula earthquake, southeastern Spain: Tectono- physics, v. 354, p. 139-155, doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00340-2.
48. Martín-Martín, M., Andreo, B., Martín-Algarra, A., and Julia, R., 2001, Traverti-nos del borde noreste de la Depresión de Granada, in Sanz de Galdeano, C., Peláez-Montilla, J.A., and López-Garrido, A.C., eds., La Cuenca de Granda: Estructura, Tectónica Activa, Geomorfología y Dataciones Exis- tentes: Granada, Editorial Universidad de Granada, p. 22-28.
49. Martínez-Martínez, J.M., and Azañón, J.M., 1997, Mode of extensional tectonics in the southeastern Betics (SE Spain). Implications for the tectonic evolution of the peri-Alborán orogenic system: Tectonics, v. 16, p. 205-225, doi: 10.1029/97TC00157.
50. Martínez-Martínez, J.M., Soto, J.I., and Balanyá, J.C., 2002, Orthogonal folding of extensional detachments: Structure and origin of the Sierra Nevada elongated dome (Betics, SE Spain): Tectonics, v. 21, 1012, doi: 10.1029/2001TC001283.
51. Martínez-Martínez, J.M., Soto, J.I., and Balanyá, J.C., 2004, Elongated domes in extended orogens: A mode of mountain uplift in the Betics (southeast Spain), in Whitney, D.L., Teyssier, C., and Siddoway, C.S., eds., Gneiss Domes in Orogeny: Geological Society of America Special Paper 380, p. 243-266.
52. Mather, A.E., and Harvey, A.M., 1995, Controls on drainage evolution in the Sorbas basin, southeast Spain, in Lewin, J., Macklin, M.G., and Woodward, J.C., eds., Mediterranean Quaternary River Environments: Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 65-76.
53. Morales, J., Serrano, I., Jabaloy, A., Galindo-Zaldívar, J., Zhao, D., Torcal, F., Vidal, F., and González-Lodeiro, F., 1999, Active continental subduction beneath the Betic Cordillera and the Alborán Sea: Geology, v. 27, p. 735-738, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0735:ACSBTB>2. 3.CO;2.
54. Muñoz, D., Cisternas, A., Udías, A., Mezcua, J., Sanz de Galdeano, C., Morales, J., Sánchez-Venero, M., Haessler, H., Ibañez, J., Buforn, E., Pascual, G., and Rivera, L., 2002, Microseismicity and tectonics in the Granada Basin (Spain): Tectonophysics, v. 356, p. 233-252, doi: 10.1016/S0040- 1951(02)00338-4.
55. Nash, D.J., and McLaren, S.J., 2003, Kalahari valley calcretes: Their nature, origins, and environmental significance: Quaternary International, v. 111, p. 3-22, doi: 10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00011-9.
56. Nash, D.J., and Smith, R.F., 2003, Properties and development of channel cal-cretes in a mountain catchment, Tabernas Basin, southeast Spain: Geo-morphology, v. 50, p. 227-250, doi: 10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00216-7.
57. Ortiz, J.E., Torres, T., Julià, R., Delgado, A., Lamas, F.J., Soler, V., and Del-gado, J., 2004, Numerical dating algorithms of amino acid racemization ratios from continental ostracodes: Application to the Guadix-Baza basin (southern Spain): Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 23, p. 717-730, doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.06.001.
58. Peña, J., 1979, La depresión de Guadix-Baza: Estratigrafía del Plioceno-Pleis-toceno [Ph.D. thesis]: Granada, Universidad de Granada, 160 p.
59. Pérez-Folgado, M., Sierro, F.J., Flores, J.A., Cacho, I., Grimalt, J.O., Zahn, R., and Shackleton, N.J., 2003, Western Mediterranean planktonic fora-minifera events and millennial variability during the last 70 kyr: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 48, p. 49-70, doi: 10.1016/S0377-8398(02)00160-3.
60. Quade, J., Cerling, T.E., and Bowman, J.R., 1989, Systematic variations in the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonates along elevation transects in the southern Great Basin, United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, p. 464-475, doi: 10.1130/0016- 7606(1989)101<0464:SVITCA>2.3.CO;2.
61. Sánchez Goñi, M.F., Cacho, I., Turon, J.L., Guiot, J., Sierro, F.J., Peypouquet, J.P., Grimalt, J.O., and Shackleton, N.J., 2002, Synchroneity between marine and terrestrial responses to millennial scale climatic variability during the last glacial period in the Mediterranean region: Climate Dynamics, v. 19, p. 95-105, doi: 10.1007/s00382-001-0212-x.
62. Sancho, C., and Meléndez, A., 1992, Génesis y significado ambiental de los caliches Pleistocenos de la región del Cinca (Depresión del Ebro): Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, v. 5, p. 81-93.
63. Sancho, C., Peña, J.L., Lewis, C., McDonald, E., and Rodes, E., 2004, Regis-tros fluviales y glaciares Cuaternarios en las cuencas de los Rios Cinca y Gallego (Pirineos y depresion del Ebro): Geo-Guias, v. 1, p. 181-205.
64. Sanyal, P., Bhattacharya, S.K., Kumar, R., Ghosh, S.K., and Sangode, S.J., 2004, Mio-Pliocene monsoonal record from Himalayan foreland basin (Indian Siwalik) and its relation to vegetational change: Palaeogeogra-phy, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 205, p. 23-41, doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2003. 11.013.
65. Sanz de Galdeano, C., and Alfaro, P., 2004, Tectonic significance of the present relief of the Betic Cordillera: Geomorphology, v. 63, p. 175-190, doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.04.002.
66. Sanz de Galdeano, C., Peláez-Montilla, J.A., and López-Casado, C., 2003, Seismic potential of the main active faults in the Granada Basin (southern Spain): Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 160, p. 1537-1556, doi: 10.1007/s00024-003-2359-3.
67. Serrano, I., Zhao, D., and Morales, J., 2002, 3-D crustal structure of the exten-sional Granada basin in the convergent boundary between the Eurasian and African plates: Tectonophysics, v. 344, p. 61-79, doi: 10.1016/S0040- 1951(01)00201-3.
68. Silva, P.G., Goy, J.L., Zazo, C., and Bardají, T., 2003, Fault-generated mountain fronts in southeast Spain: Geomorphologic assessment of tectonic and seismic activity: Geomorphology, v. 50, p. 203-225, doi: 10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00215-5.
69. Vandekerckhove, L., Poesen, J., Oostwoud Wijdenes, D., Gyssels, G., Beuselinck, L., and de Luna, E., 2000, Characteristics and controlling factors of bank gullies in two semi-arid Mediterranean environments: Geo-morphology, v. 33, p. 37-58, doi: 10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00109-9.
70. Vandekerckhove, L., Poesen, J., and Govers, G., 2003, Medium-term gully headcut retreat rates in southeast Spain determined from aerial photographs and ground measurements: CATENA, v. 50, p. 329-352, doi: 10.1016/S0341-8162(02) 00132-7.
71. Vera, J.A., 1970, Estudio estratigráfico de la depresión de Guadix-Baza: Boletín Geológico y Minero, v. 81, p. 429-462.
72. 3 precipitation as a major contributor to crust formation: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 65, p. 690-700.
73. Viseras, C., 1991, Estratigrafía y sedimentología del relleno aluvial de la Cuenca de Guadix (Cordilleras Beticas) [Ph.D. thesis]: Granada, Univer-sidad de Granada, 327 p.
74. Viseras, C., and Fernández, J., 1992, Sedimentary basin destruction inferred from the evolution of drainage systems in the Betic Cordillera, southern Spain: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 149, p. 1021-1029.
75. Watts, N.L., 1980, Quaternary pedogenic calcretes from the Kalahari (southern Africa): Mineralogy, genesis and diagenesis: Sedimentology, v. 27, p. 661-686.
76. Zanchetta, G., Di Vito, M., Fallick, A.E., and Sulpizio, R., 2000, Stable isotopes of pedogenic carbonates from the Somma-Vesuvius area, southern Italy, over the past 18 kyr: Palaeoclimatic implications: Journal of Quaternary Science, v. 15, p. 813-824, doi: 10.1002/1099-1417(200012)15:8<813:: AID-JQS566>3.0.CO;2-Z.