Gold in solution

Elements

Volumn 5, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 281-287

  Williams Jones, Anthony E ^a   Bowell, Robert J ^b   Migdisov, Artashes A ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b SRK CONSULTING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Gold; Hydrothermal fluids; Petroleum; Solubility; Supergene

Indexed keywords

CRUDE OIL; DEPOSITS; GOLD; PRECIOUS METALS; SOLUBILITY; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES;

AQUEOUS LIQUIDS; CRUSTAL FLUIDS; EARTH'S CRUST; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; MODE OF TRANSPORT; REMOBILIZATION; SUPERGENE; SURFICIAL ENVIRONMENT;

GOLD DEPOSITS;

AQUEOUS SOLUTION; GOLD; HYDROTHERMAL FLUID; REMOBILIZATION; SOLUBILITY; SPECIATION (CHEMISTRY); SUPERGENE PROCESS;

EID: 72949124835     PISSN: 18115209     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/gselements.5.5.281     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Agricola G (1556) De Re Metallica. Hoover HC, Hoover LC (translators, 1912). Mining Magazine, London, 637 pp
2. Archibald SM, Migdisov AA, Williams-Jones AE (2001) The stability of Au-chloride complexes in water vapor at elevated temperatures and pressures. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65: 4413-4423
3. Bowell RJ, Foster RP, Gize AP (1993) The mobility of gold in tropical rain forest soils. Economic Geology 88: 999-1016
4. Bowell RJ, Laffoley NA, d'Afreh EO, Hanssen E, Abe S, Yao RK, Pohl D (1996) Gold and base metal distribution and exploration in tropical soils: Four contrasting case studies from West Africa. In: Foster RP (ed) Exploration and Mining in Africa: Towards 2000. Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 105: B12-33
5. Bowell RJ, Baumann M, Gingrich M, Tretbar D, Perkins WF, Fisher PC (1999) The occurrence of gold at the Getchell mine, Nevada. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 67: 127-143
6. Daubrée A (1841) Mémoire sur le gisement, la constitution et l'origine des amas de minerai d'étain. Annales des Mines, 3e série, tome XX: 65-112
7. Desborough GA (1970) Silver depletion indicated by microanalysis of gold from placer occurrences, western United States. Economic Geology 65: 304-311
8. Emsbo P, Koenig AE (2007) Transport of Au in petroleum: evidence from the northern Carlin trend, Nevada. In: Andrew CJ et al. (eds) Proceedings of the 9th Biennial SGA Meeting, Dublin. Millpress, pp 695-698
9. England GL, Rasmussen B, Krapez B, Groves DI (2002) Archean oil migration in the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa. Journal of the Geological Society 159: 189-201
10. Freise FW (1931) The transportation of gold by organic underground solutions. Economic Geology 26: 421-431
11. Freyssinet P, Butt CRM, Morris RC, Piantone P (2005) Ore-forming processes related to lateritic weathering. In: Hedenquist JW, Thompson JFH, Goldfarb RJ, Richards JP (eds) Economic Geology One Hundredth Anniversary Volume. Society of Economic Geologists, pp 681-722
12. Gammons CH, Williams-Jones AE (1997) Chemical mobility of gold in the porphyry-epithermal environment. Economic Geology 92: 45-59
13. Gammons CH, Yu Y, Williams-Jones AE (1997) The disproportionation of gold chloride complexes at 25 to 200 °C. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61: 1971-1983
14. Graton LC (1940) Nature of the ore-forming fluid. Economic Geology 35: 197-358
15. Gray DJ, Butt CRM, Lawrance LM (1992) The geochemistry of gold in lateritic terrains. In: Butt CRM and Zeegers H (eds), Regolith Exploration Geochemistry in Tropical and Subtropical Terrains. Handbook of Exploration Geochemistry, Volume 4. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 461-482
16. Halbauer DK (1986) The mineralogy and geochemistry of Witwatersrand pyrite, gold, uranium and carbonaceous matter. In: Anhaeusser CR, Maske S (eds) Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg, pp 731-752
17. Heinrich CA, Ryan CG, Mernagh, TP, Eadington PJ (1992) Segregation of ore metals between magmatic brine and vapor; a fluid inclusion study using PIXE microanalysis. Economic Geology 87: 1566-1583
18. Hulen JB, Collister JW (1999) The oil-bearing, carlin-type gold deposits of Yankee Basin, Alligator Ridge District, Nevada. Economic Geology 94: 1029-1049
19. Ingerson E, Morey GW (1940) Nature of the ore-forming fluid: A discussion. Economic Geology 35: 772-785
20. Johnson JW, Oelkers EH, Helgeson HC (1992) SUPCRT92: A software package for calculating the standard molal thermodynamic properties of minerals, gases, aqueous species, and reactions from 1 to 5000 bar and 0 to 1000°C. Computers & Geosciences 18: 899-947
21. Krauskopf KB (1957) The heavy metal content of magmatic vapor at 600 degrees C. Economic Geology 52: 786-807
22. Liversidge A (1893) On the origin of gold nuggets. Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales 27: 303-343
23. Machairas G (1967) Dissolution et recris-tallisation de Tor primaire pendant l'oxydo-reduction des sulfures aurifères. Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières bulletin 5: 111-121
24. Machesky ML, Andrade WO, Rose AW (1992) Interactions of gold (III) chloride and elemental gold with peat-derived humic substances. Chemical Geology 102: 53-71
25. Ogryzlo SP (1935) Hydrothermal experiments with gold. Economic Geology 30: 400-424
26. Pearson RG (1963) Hard and soft acids and bases. Journal of the American Chemical Society 85: 3533-3539
27. Russell R (1686) The Works of Geber (Translation, edited by EJ Holmyard 1928). Kessinger Publishing, 1997, 306 pp
28. Saunders JA (1990) Colloidal transport of gold and silica in epithermal precious-metal systems: Evidence from the Sleeper deposit, Nevada. Geology 18: 757-760
29. Seeley JB, Senden TJ (1994) Alluvial gold in Kalimantan, Indonesia: A colloidal origin. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 50: 457-478
30. Seward TM (1973) Thio complexes of gold and the transport of gold in hydro-thermal ore solutions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 37: 379-399
31. Spangenberg JE, Frimmel HE (2001) Basin-internal derivation of hydrocarbons in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa: evidence from bulk and molecular δ13C data. Chemical Geology 173: 339-355
32. Stefánsson A, Seward TM (2004) Gold(I) complexing in aqueous sulphide solutions to 500°C at 500 bar. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68: 4121-4143
33. Ulrich T, Günther D, Heinrich CA (1999) Gold concentrations of magmatic brines and the metal budget of porphyry copper deposits: Nature 399: 676-679
34. Vlassopoulos D, Wood SA (1990) Gold speciation in natural waters: 1. Solubility and hydrolysis of gold in aqueous solution. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54: 3-12
35. Vlassopoulos D, Wood SA, Mucci A (1990) Gold speciation in natural waters: II. The importance of organic complexing - Experiments with simple model ligands. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54: 1575-1586
36. Webster J (1671) Metallographia: or An History of Metals. Walter Kettilby, London, 389 pp
37. Williams-Jones AE, Heinrich CA (2005) Vapor transport of metals and the formation of magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits. Economic Geology 100: 1287-1312
38. Williams-Jones AE, Migdisov AA (2007) The solubility of gold in crude oil: implications for ore genesis. In: Andrew CJ et al. (eds) Proceedings of the 9th Biennial SGA Meeting, Dublin. Millpress, pp 765-768
39. Zezin DYu, Migdisov AA, Williams-Jones AE (2007) The solubility of gold in hydrogen sulfide gas: An experimental study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71: 3070-3081
40. Zezin DYu, Migdisov AA, Williams-Jones AE (2008) The solubility of gold in H2O-H2S vapour. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72 (Supplement 1): A1076