Handbook of Large Turbo-Generator Operation and Maintenance

Handbook of Large Turbo-Generator Operation and Maintenance

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-856

  Klempner, Geoff ^a   Kerszenbaum, Isidor ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 72849113208     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470382769     Document Type: Book

References (142)

1. D. Zorbas, Electric Machines-Principles, Applications, and Control Schematics. West, 1989.
2. M. G. Say, Alternating Current Machines. Pitman Publishing, 1978.
3. T. Wildi, Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems. Prentice-Hall.
4. V. del Toro, Electric Machines and Power Systems. Prentice-Hall, 1985.
5. M. Liwschitz-Garik and C. C. Whipple, Electric Machinery, Vols. 1-2. Van Nostrand.
6. A. E. Fitzgerald, C. Kingsley and S. Umans, Electric Machinery. McGraw-Hill, 1990.
7. For a text describing the practical issues related to operation and maintenance of both turbogenerators and hydrogenerators, see Isidor Kerszenbaum, Inspection of Large Synchronous Machines, IEEE Press, 1996.
8. M. Tari, K. Yoshida, and S. Sekito (Toshiba Corporation), and R. Brutsch, J. Allison, and A. Lutz (Von Rolttsola Corporation), "HTC Insulation Technology Drives Rapid Progress of Indirect-Cooled Turbo Generator Unit Capacity," presented at IEEE PES 2001 Summer Power Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
9. K. Sedlazeck, W. Adelmann, H. Bailly, I. Gahbler, H. Harders, U. Kainka, W. Weiss, B. Scholz, S. Henschel (Germany), R. Chianese, P. Hugh Sam, R. Ward, L. Montgomery (United States, Siemens Power Generation), U. Schuberth, H. Spies (Germany, Framatome Advanced Nuclear Power), "Influence of Customer's Specifications Upon Design Features of the EPR Turbogenerator," presented at CIGRE' 2002, Paris, France.
10. IEEE/ANSI C50.13-1989, "Requirements for Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generators.".
11. H. Feichtinger, HFC-Consulting, Zürich, Switzerland; G. Stein and I. Hucklenbroich, VSG Energie-und Schmiedetechnik GmbH, Essen, Germany, "Case History of a 18Mn-18Cr Retaining-ring Affected by Stress Corrosion Cracks," presented at EPRI Generator Retainingring Workshop, December 8-9, 1997, Miami, FL.
12. A. G. Seidel, Houston Lighting & Power Company, "Surface Indications On 18Mn-18Cr Retaining-ring," presented at EPRI Generator Retaining-ring Workshop, December 8-9, 1997, Miami, FL.
13. ERPI Special Report EL/EM-5117-SR, "Guide for Evaluation of Generator Retaining Rings," April 1987.
14. J. M. Fogarty, GE Power Systems, "Connections between Generator Specification and Fundamental Design Principles," presented at IEMDC 2001, Cambridge, MA.
15. M. G. Say, Alternating Current Machines. Pitman Publishing, 1978.
16. A. E. Fitzgerald and C. Kingsley, Electric Machinery. McGraw-Hill, 1971.
17. IEEE Std 67-1990, "IEEE Guide for Operation and Maintenance of Turbine Generators.".
18. IEEE/ANSI C50.13-1989, "Requirements for Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generators.".
19. IEEE Std 502-1985, "IEEE Guide for Protection, Interlocking, and Control of Fossil-Fueled Unit-Connected Steam Stations.".
20. ANSI/IEEE C37.106-1987, or later, "Protection for Power Generating Plants.".
21. M. G. Say, Alternating Current Machines. Pitman Publishing, 1978.
22. P. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, Power System Control and Stability. IEEE Press, 2003.
23. IEEE Std 1-2000, "IEEE Recommended Practice-General Principles for Temperature Limits in Rating of Electrical Equipment and for the Evaluation of Insulation.".
24. Philip Beckley, "Electrical Steels for Rotating Machines," IEE Power and Energy Series 37, Published by the Institute of Electrical Engineers, London, England, 2002.
25. Richard Roeper, Short-Circuit Currents in Three-Phase Networks, Siemens-Pitman, 1972 (Pitman ISBN 0-273-31884-5, Siemens ISBN 3-8009-1095-0).
26. EPRI Technical Report 1013460: "Torsional Interaction between Electrical Network Phenomena and Turbine-Generator Shafts," November 2006.
27. EPRI Techncial Report 1011679: "Steam Turbine-Generator Torsional Vibration Interaction with the Electrical Network," November 2005.
28. Duncan N. Walker, Torsional Vibration of Turbomachinery, McGraw-Hill, 2003.
29. S. F. Dorsey and G. P. Smedley, "The Influence of the Fillet Radius on the Fatigue Strength of Large Steel Shafts," presented at IME-ASME Internal Conference on Fatigue of Metals, 1956.
30. J.S. Joyce, T. Kulig, and D. Lambrecht, "Torsional Fatigue of Turbine-Generator Shafts Caused by Different Electrical System Faults and Switching Operations," presented at IEEE 1978 Winter Power Meeting.
31. L. Kilgore, E. R. Taylor, Jr., D. G. Ramey, R. G. Farmer, and A. L. Schwalb, "Solutions to the Problems of Subsynchronous Resonance in Power Systems with Series Capacitors," in Proceedings of the American Power Conference, Vol. 35, pp. 1120-1128, 1973.
32. IEEE Std 67-2005, "IEEE Guide for Operation and Maintenance of Turbine Generators.".
33. IEEE C50.13-2005, "IEEE Standard for Cylindrical-Rotor 50 Hz and 60 Hz Synchronous Generators Rated 10 MVA and Above.".
34. IEEE C50.12-2005, "IEEE Standard for Salient-Pole 50 Hz and 60 Hz Synchronous Generators and Generator/Motors for Hydraulic Turbine Applications Rated 5 MVA and Above.".
35. G. S. Klempner, "Expert System Techniques for Monitoring and Diagnostics of Large Steam Turbine Driven Generators," IEEE/PES Winter Power Meeting/Panel Discussion Paper, New York, February 1995.
36. General Electric Company, "Generators for Utility and Industrial Applications," GE Industrial Power Systems, GET-8022, October, 1992.
37. C. C. Carson, S. C. Barton, and R. S. Gill, "The Occurrence and Control of Interference from Oil Mist in the Detection of Overheating in a Generator," presented at IEEE/ASME/ASCE Joint Power Generation Conference, Los Angeles, September 1977.
38. S. C. Barton, C. C. Carson, W. V. Ligon Jr., and J. L. Webb, "Implementation of Pyrolysate Analysis of Materials Employing Tagging Compounds to Locate an Overheated Area in a Generator," presented at GER-3238, IEEE PES Summer Power Meeting, Portland, OR, July 1981.
39. IEEE/ANSI C50.13-1989, "Requirements for Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generators.".
40. Electric Power Research Institute, Handbook to Assess Rotating Machine Insulation Condition, EPRI Power Plant Series, Vol. 16, November 1988.
41. H. G. Sedding, S. R. Campbell, G. C. Stone, and G. S. Klempner, "A New Sensor for Detecting Partial Discharges in Operating Turbine Generators," presented at IEEE Winter Power Meeting, New York, February 1991.
42. H. G. Sedding, S. R. Campbell, G. C. Stone, G. S. Klempner, W. McDermid, and R. G. Bussey, "Practical On-line Partial Discharge Tests for Turbine Generators and Motors," presented at IEEE 1993 Summer Power Meeting.
43. IEEE Std 1434-2000, "IEEE Trial-Use Guide to Measurement of Partial Discharges in Rotating Machinery.".
44. IEEE Std 115-1995, "IEEE Guide: Test Procedures for Synchronous Machines.".
45. "Primer on Maintaining the Integrity of Water-Cooled Generator Stator Windings," EPRI TR-105504, Project 2577, September 1995.
46. EPRI-NMAC Tech Note, "Main Generator On-line Monitoring and Diagnostics," Principal Investigator, G. S. Klempner, December 1996.
47. IEEE Std 1-2000, "IEEE Recommended Practice-General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating of Electrical Equipment and for the Evaluation of Electrical Insulation.".
48. IEEE Std 67-1990, "IEEE Guide for Operation and Maintenance of Turbine Generators.".
49. IEEE Std 1129-1992, "IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring and Instrumentation of Turbine Generators.".
50. ISO 7919-2 (1996), "Mechanical Vibration of Non-reciprocating Machines-Measurements on Rotating Shafts and Evaluation Criteria. Part 2: Large Land-Based Steam Turbine Generator Sets" (First Edition).
51. IEEE Std 1434-2000, "Guide to the Measurement of Partial Discharges in Rotating Machinery.".
52. ANSI/IEEE C37.102, "AC Generator Protection," 1995-R2001.
53. ANSI/IEEE C37.2, "IEEE Standard Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers," 1996-R2001.
54. ANSI/IEEE C37.101, "IEEE Guide for Generator Ground Protection," 1993-R2000.
55. ANSI/IEEE C37.106, "IEEE Guide for Abnormal Frequency Protection for Power Generating Plants," 2003.
56. IEEE/ANSI C50.13-1989, "Requirements for Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generators.".
57. ANSI/IEEE C50.14, "Requirements for Combustion Gas Turbine Driven Cylindrical-Rotor for Synchronous Generators," 1977.
58. ANSI/IEEE Std 67, "IEEE Guide for Operation and Maintenance of Turbine Generators," 2005.
59. Power System Relaying Committee, "Loss-of-Field Relay Operation during System Disturbances," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, September-October 1975.
60. W. P. Gibson, and C. L. Wagner, "Application of Loss-of-Field Relays on Cross Compound Generators," presented at PEA Relay Committee Meeting, Harrisburg, PA, October 24, 1969.
61. J. Berdy, "Loss of Excitation Protection for Modern Synchronous Generators," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. 94, September-October 1975, p. 1457.
62. GEC, Protective Relay Application Guide Book. GEC Measurements, 1975.
63. Protective Relays, Their Theory and Practice. Chapman and Hall, 1968.
64. Applied Protective Relaying, Chapter 6: Generator Protection, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Relay and Telecommunications Division, 1982.
65. M. S. Baldwin and R. H. Daugherty, "Tripping of Generators during Asynchronous Operating Conditions," presented at 40th Annual American Power Conference, Chicago, April 24-26, 1978.
66. IRD Mechanalysis, Inc., 1975, Audio-Visual Customer Training Instruction Manual, IRD Vibration Severity Chart. (The IRD line of products is now part of the Entek Company, which belongs to Rockwell Automation.).
67. ISO 7919-2 (2nd ed.), 2001, International Standardization Organization, www.iso.ch. (The ISO 7919-2 is part 2 of ISO 7919.).
68. R. W. Smeaton and W. H. Ubert, Switchgear and Control Handbook, 3rd ed, McGraw-Hill. (Section 13.2.4 contains a brief description of Isolated Phase Bus.).
69. Delta-Unibus Corporation, Catalog No. 4-200, titled "Delta-Star Isolated Phase Bus.".
70. ANSI/IEEE Std 43-1974 or later, "Recommended Practice for Testing Insulation Resistance of Rotating Machinery.".
71. I. Kerszenbaum, Inspection of Large Synchronous Machines, IEEE Press, 1996.
72. ANSI/IEEE Std 67-1972, "IEEE Guide for Operation and Maintenance of Turbine Generators," Item 8.6.2, p. 34.
73. H. R. Tomlinson, "Lnter-Laminar Insulation Test for Synchronous Machine Stators," AIEE Transactions, Vol. 71, Part III, August 1952, pp. 676-677.
74. EPRI Power Plant Electrical Reference Series, Vol. 16, Items 5.2.4 and 5.2.5, pp. 5-42, and Item 6.5.4, pp. 6-22, 1991.
75. ANSI/IEEE Std 56-1977, "IEEE Guide for Insulation Maintenance of Large Alternating-Current Rotating Machinery (10,000 kVA and Larger)," Item 6.4.1, p. 10.
76. EPRI Power Plant Electrical Reference Series, Vol. 1, pp. 1-11, 1-37, 1-47, 1991.
77. GEI-37081, "Instructions on Hydrogen-Cooled Turbine Generators, Mechanical and Electrical Features," General Electric Co.
78. J. Boyd and H. N. Kaufman, "The Causes and Control of Electrical Currents in Bearings," Lubrication Engineering, January 1959, pp. 28-35.
79. G. W. Buckley and R. J. Corkings, "The Importance of Grounding Brushes to the Safe Operation of Large Turbine Generators," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, September 1988, pp. 607-612.
80. J. Sparks, "What to Do about Shaft Currents," Plant Operation and Maintenance Section, Power Generation and Transmission, p. 114.
81. The Doble Engineering Company, Rotating Machinery Insulation-Test Guide, 1985.
82. EPRI Power Plant Electrical Reference Series, Vol. 16, Item 2.1.1, pp. 2-3 and 2-4; Item 2.3.2.7, p. 2-9; Items 3.1.2.1-3, pp. 3-18, 3-20-3-21, 1991.
83. C. A. Duke, T. F. Faulkner, R. C. Price, and C. A. Roberts, "Visual Inspection of Rotating Machinery for Electrical Difficulties," presented at Conference of Doble Clients on Rotating Machinery, 1960.
84. E. H. Povey, "Corona Measurements by the RIV Method," in Conference of Doble Clients on Rotating Machinery, p. 3-201, 1958.
85. W. A. Patterson, "Testing for Corona in Generator Stator Windings," in Conference of Doble Clients on Rotating Machinery, p. 7-601, 1967.
86. W. A. Rey, "Increased Deterioration of Generator Insulation by Corona Action," in Conference of Doble Clients on Rotating Machinery, p. 7-101, 1951.
87. C. A. Duke, "Experience with Slot-Discharge Testing on Generators," in Conference of Doble Clients on Rotating Machinery, p. 7-101, 1958.
88. IEEE Std 286-2000, "Recommended Practice for Measurement of Power-Factor Tip-up of Rotating Machinery Stator Bar Insulation.".
89. T. W. Dakin, "The Relation of Capacitance Increase with High Voltages to Internal Electric Discharges and Discharging Void Volume," AIEE Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. 78, pp. 790-795, 1959.
90. T. W. Dakin, "A Capacitance Bridge Method for Measuring Integrated Corona-Charge Transfer and Power Loss per Cycle," AIEE Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. 79, pp. 648-653, 1960.
91. W. McDermid, "Review of the Application of the Electromagnetic Probe Method for the Detection of Partial Discharge Activity in Stator Windings," in Proceedings of the CEA International Symposium on Generator Insulation Tests, Toronto, 1980.
92. S. R. Campbell, G. C. Stone, H. G. Sedding, G. S. Klempner, W. McDermid, and R. G. Bussey, "Practical On-line Partial Discharge Tests for Turbine Generators and Motors," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1994.
93. G. Klempner, "Ontario Hydro Experience with Failures in Large Generators due to Loose Stator Core Iron," in EPRI-Utility Generator Predictive Maintenance and Refurbishment Conference, December 1-3, 1998, Phoenix, AZ.
94. G. Klempner, "Back of Core Burning," presented at GEC Generators Users Group Meeting, Southern California Edison, San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, January 10 and 11, 2000.
95. IEEE/ANSI C50.13-1989, "Requirements for Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generators.".
96. IEEE Std 1-2000, "IEEE Recommended Practice-General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating of Electrical Equipment and for the Evaluation of Electrical Insulation." EPRI Report EL-3564-SR, "Workshop Proceedings: Generator Monitoring and Surveillance," August 1984. EPRI Report NP-902, "On-line Monitoring and Diagnostic Systems for Generators," September 1979.
97. EPRI Special Report EL/EM-5117-SR, "Guidelines for Evaluation of Generator Retainingrings," April 1987.
98. EPRI Report TR-10209, "Evaluation of Nonmagnetic Generator Retaining-rings," October 1994.
99. EPRI Report TR-102949, "Generator Retaining-Ring Moisture Protection Guide," September 1993.
100. EPRI Report EL-5825, Proceedings: Generator Retaining-Ring Workshop, May 1988.
101. "Turbine Generator Retaining-rings-Supplementary Information on the Inspection of Rings Manufactured in 18Mn-18Cr Steel," Electra Magazine, October 1998.
102. H. Feichtinger, G. Stein, and I. Hucklenbroich, "Case History of a 18Mn-18Cr Retainingring Affected by Stress Corrosion Cracks," presented at EPRI-Generator Retaining-ring Workshop, December 1997, Miami, FL.
103. M. O. Speidel and R. Magdowski, "Stress Corrosion Service Experience with Generator Retaining-rings," presented at EPRI-Generator Retaining-ring Workshop, December 1997, Miami, FL.
104. G. Stein, M. Wagner, and L. Hentz, "Investigation of Crack Formation on the Inner Diameter of a Retaining-ring," presented at EPRI-Generator Retaining-ring Workshop, December 1997, Miami, FL.
105. A. G. Seidel, "Surface Indications on 18Mn-18Cr Retaining-ring," presented at EPRI-Generator Retaining-ring Workshop, December 1997, Miami.
106. M. C. Murphy, "The Development of Fretting Fatigue Cracks in the Drax Generator Rotor," NEI Parsons, CEGB Symposium, 1979.
107. S. Akkaram, M. Chati, S. Sundaram, and G. Barnes, "Fretting Fatigue Modeling and Repair Evaluation for Generator Rotors," GT2003-38827 (General Electric), in Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2003, Power for Land, Sea, and Air, June 16-19, 2003, Atlanta, GA.
108. T. Hattori, T. Nakamura, and T. Ishizuka, "Fretting Fatigue Analysis Strength Improvement Models with Grooving or Knurling on a Contact Surface," in Standardization of Fretting Fatigue Test Methods and Equipment, ASTM STP 1159, M. Helmi Attia and R. B. Waterhouse (Eds.), American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1992, pp. 101-114.
109. P. A. McVeigh, G. Harish, T. N. Farris, and M. P. Szolwinski, "Modeling Interfacial Conditions in Nominally Flat Contacts for Application to Fretting Fatigue of Turbine Engine Components," International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 21, pp. 157-165, 1999.
110. G. W. Buckley and R. J. Corkings, "The Importance of grounding Brushes to the Safe Operation of Large Turbine Generators," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, September 1988, pp. 607-612.
111. J. Sparks, "What to Do about Shaft Currents," Plant Operation and Maintenance Section, Power Generation and Transmission, p. 114.
112. IEEE/ANSI C50.13-1989, "Requirements for Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generators.".
113. IEEE Std 1-2000, "IEEE Recommended Practice-General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating of Electrical Equipment and for the Evaluation of Electrical Insulation.".
114. IEEE Std 4-1995, "Standard Techniques for High-Voltage Testing.".
115. IEEE Std 43-2000, "IEEE Recommended Practice for Testing Insulation Resistance of Rotating Machinery.".
116. IEEE Std 95-1977 (R1991), "IEEE Recommended Practice for Insulation Testing of Large AC Rotating Machinery with High Direct Voltage.".
117. IEEE Std 100-2000, "The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms" (7th Edition).
118. IEEE Std 115-1995, "IEEE Guide: Test Procedures for Synchronous Machines. Part 1: Acceptance and Performance Testing, Part II-Test Procedures and Parameter Determination for Dynamic Analysis.".
119. IEEE Std 275-1992 (R1998), "IEEE Recommended Practice for Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Alternating-Current Electric Machinery Employing Form-Wound Preinsulated Stator Coils for Machine Rated 6900V and Below.".
120. IEEE Std 421.1-1986 (R1996), "IEEE Standard Definitions for Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines.".
121. IEEE Std 432-1974 (R1991), "IEEE Recommended Practice for Insulation Testing of Large AC Rotating Machinery with High Voltage at Very Low Frequency.".
122. IEEE Std 433-1974 (R1991), "IEEE Recommended Practice for Insulation Testing of Large AC Rotating Machinery with High Voltage at Very Low Frequency.".
123. IEEE Std 434-1973 (R1991), "IEEE Guide for Functional Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Large High Voltage Machines.".
124. IEEE Std 522-1992 (R1998), "IEEE Guide for Testing Turn-to-Turn Insulation on Form-Wound Stator Coils for Alternating-Current Rotating Electrical Machine.".
125. IEEE Std 37.102-1995, "IEEE Guide for AC Generator Protection.".
126. ISO 3746 (1995), "Acoustics-Determination of Sound Power Level of Noise Sources Using Sound Pressure Survey Method Using An Enveloping Measurement Surface Over a Reflecting Plane" (Second Edition).
127. ISO 7919-2 (1996), "Mechanical Vibration of Non-reciprocating Machines-Measurements on Rotating Shafts and Evaluation Criteria. Part 2: Large Land-Based Steam Turbine Generator Sets" (First Edition).
128. ISO 7919-4 (1996), "Mechanical Vibration of Non-reciprocating Machines-Measurements on Rotating Shafts and Evaluation Criteria. Part 4: Gas Turbine Sets" (First Edition).
129. EPRI Report EL/EM-5117-SR, "Guidelines for Evaluation of Generator Retaining-Rings-Development of Ultrasonic Examination Method for Detection of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Generator Retaining-Rings," April 1987.
130. "Handbook to Assess Rotating Machine Insulation Condition," EPRI Power Plant Series, Vol. 16, November 1988.
131. "Turbine Generator Retaining Rings-Supplementary Information on the Inspection of Rings Manufactured in 18 Mn-18 Cr Steel," Electra Magazine, October 1998.
132. IEEE C50.13-2005, "IEEE Standard for Cylindrical-Rotor 50 Hz and 60 Hz Synchronous Generators Rated 10 MVA and Above.".
133. "Phased Array UT Applications Development at the EPRI NDE Center", Greg Selby, EPRI, NDT.net, October 1999, Vol. 4 No. 10.
134. "Universal Phased Array UT Probe for Nondestructive Examinations Composite Crystal Technology", J. Ritter, Siemens KWU, Erlangen, July 2001.
135. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Methods of Projecting Operations and Maintenance Costs for Nuclear Power, 1995.
136. Life Cycle Management Sourcebook: Main Generator, Vol. 5. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA.
137. McCormick, Reliability and Risk Analysis: Methods and Nuclear Power Applications, Academic Press, 1981.
138. Fullwood and Hall, Probabilistic Risk Assessment in the Nuclear Power Industry: Fundamentals and Applications, Pergamon Press, 1988.
139. Dhillon and Singh, Engineering Reliability: New Techniques and Applications. Wiley, 1981.
140. T. Bedford and R. Cooke, Probabilistic Risk Analysis: Foundations and Methods, Cambridge University Press, 2001.
141. R. J. Zawoysky and K. C. Tornroos, GE Generator Rotor Design, Operational Issues, and Refurbishment Options. GE Power Systems, Publication GER-4212, 2001.
142. EPRI Technical Report #1007423: "Life Cycle Management Planning Sourcebooks," Volume 5: Generator.