Substorm evolution as revealed by THEMIS satellites and a global MHD simulation

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 114, Issue 8, 2009, Pages

  El Alaoui, Mostafa ^a   Ashour Abdalla, Maha ^a,b   Walker, Raymond J ^a,b   Peroomian, Vahé ^a   Richard, Robert L ^a   Angelopoulos, Vassilis ^a,b   Runov, Andrei ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 72649093186     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2009JA014133     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Angelopoulos, V. (2008), The THEMIS mission, Space Sci. Rev., 141(1-4), 5-34, doi:10.1007/s11214-008-9336-1.
2. Angelopoulos, V., W. Baumjohann, C. F. Kennel, F. V. Coroniti, M. G. Kivelson, R. Pellat, R. J. Walker, H. Lühr, and G. Paschmann (1992), Bursty bulk flows in the inner central plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 4027-4039, doi:10.1029/91JA02701.
3. Angelopoulos, V., et al. (1997), Magnetotail flow bursts: Association to global magnetospheric circulation, relationship to ionospheric activity and direct evidence for localization, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2271-2274, doi:10.1029/97GL02355.
4. Angelopoulos, V., et al. (2008), Tail reconnection triggering substorm onset, Science, 321, 931-935, doi:10.1126/science.1160495.
5. Ashour-Abdalla, M., M. El-Alaoui, V. Peroomian, R. J. Walker, L. M. Zelenyi, L. A. Frank, and W. R. Paterson (1999), Localized reconnection and substorm onset on Dec. 22, 1996, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3545-3548, doi:10.1029/1999GL003630. (Pubitemid 30137349)
6. Ashour-Abdalla, M., M. El-Alaoui, V. Peroomian, R. J. Walker, J. Raeder, L. A. Frank, and W. R. Paterson (2000), The origin of the near-Earth plasma population during a substorm on November 24, 1996, J. Geophys.Res., 105, 2589-2605, doi:10.1029/1999JA900389.
7. Ashour-Abdalla, M., M. El-Alaoui, F. V. Coroniti, R. J. Walker, and V. Peroomian (2002), A new convection state at substorm onset: Results from an MHD study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(20), 1965, doi:10.1029/2002GL015787.
8. Baker, D. N. (1984), Particle and field signatures of substorms in the near magnetotail, in Magnetic Reconnection in Space and Laboratory Plasmas, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.30, edited by E. W. Hones Jr., pp. 193-202, AGU, Washington, D. C.
9. Baker, D. N., T. I. Pulkkinen, V. Angelopoulos, W. Baumjohann, and R. L. McPherron (1996), Neutral line model of substorms: Past results and present view, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,975- 13,010.
10. Birn, J., and M. Hesse (1991), The substorm current wedge and fieldaligned currents in MHD simulations of magnetotail reconnection, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1611-1618.
11. Birn, J., M. Hesse, and K. Schindler (1996), MHD simulations of magnetotail dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,939-12,954.
12. Chang, T. (1999), The role of coarse-grained helicity and self-organized criticality in magnetotail dynamics, in Magnetic Helicity in Space and Laboratory Plasmas, edited by M. R. Brown, R. C. Canfield, and A. A. Pevtsov, pp. 277-284, AGU, Washington, D. C.
13. Coroniti, F. V., and C. F. Kennel (1973), Can the ionosphere regulate magnetospheric convection?, J. Geophys. Res., 78(16), 2837-2851, doi:10.1029/JA078i016p02837.
14. DeForest, S. E., and C. E. McIlwain (1971), Plasma clouds in the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 3587-3611, doi:10.1029/JA076i016p03587.
15. El-Alaoui, M. (2001), Current disruption during November 24, 1996 substorm, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 6229-6245, doi:10.1029/1999JA000260.
16. El-Alaoui, M., R. L. Richard, M. Ashour-Abdalla, and M. W. Chen (2004), Low Mach number bow shock locations during a magnetic cloud event: Observations and magnetohydrodynamic simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L03813, doi:10.1029/2003GL018788.
17. El-Alaoui, M., M. Ashour-Abdalla, J. M. Bosqued, and R. L. Richard (2008), Understanding magnetotail current sheet meso-scale structures using MHD simulations, Adv. Space Res., 41(10), 1630-1642, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.05.061.
18. Fedder, J. A., and J. G. Lyon (1995), The Earths magnetosphere is 165 RE long: Self-consistent currents, convection, magnetospheric structure, and processes for northward interplanetary magnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 3623-3635, doi:10.1029/94JA02633.
19. Frank, L. A., and J. B. Sigwarth (2000), Findings concerning the positions of substorm onsets with auroral images from the Polar spacecraft, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 12,747 - 12,761, doi:10.1029/1999JA000356. (Correction, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 18,919, doi:10.1029/2000JA900092.)
20. Frank, L. A., et al. (1995), Observations of plasmas and magnetic fields in Earths distant magnetotail: Comparison with a global MHD model, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19,177-19,190, doi:10.1029/95JA00571.
21. Hesse, M., and J. Birn (1991), On dipolarization and its relation to the substorm current wedge, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 19,417 - 19,426, doi:10.1029/91JA01953.
22. Hones, E. W., Jr., G. Paschmann, S. J. Bame, J. R. Asbridge, N. Sckopke, and K. Schindler (1978), Vortices in magnetospheric plasma flow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 5, 1059-1062, doi:10.1029/GL005i012p01059.
23. Hones, E. W., Jr., J. Birn, S. J. Bame, J. R. Asbridge, G. Paschmann, N. Sckopke, and G. Haerendel (1981), Further determination of the characteristics of magnetospheric plasma vortices with ISEE 1 and 2, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 814-820, doi:10.1029/JA086iA02p00814.
24. Hones, E. W., Jr., J. Birn, D. N. Baker, S. J. Bame, W. C. Feldman, D. J. McComas, R. D. Zwickl, J. A. Slavin, E. J. Smith, and B. T. Tsurutani (1984), Detailed examination of a plasmoid in the distant magnetotail with ISEE 3, Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 1046-1049, doi:10.1029/GL011i010p01046.
25. Kistler, L. M., E. Möbius, W. Baumjohann, G. Paschmann, and D. C. Hamilton (1992), Pressure changes in the plasma sheet during substorm injections, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 2973-2983, doi:10.1029/91JA02802.
26. Knight, S. (1973), Parallel electric fields, Planet. Space Sci., 21, 741-750, doi:10.1016/0032-0633(73)90093-7.
27. Kokubun, S., and R. L. McPherron (1981), Substorm signatures at synchronous altitude, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 11,265 - 11,277, doi:10.1029/JA086iA13p11265.
28. Kokubun, S., T. Yamamoto, M. H. Acuña, K. Hayashi, K. Shiokawa, and H. Kawano (1994), The Geotail magnetic field experiment, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 46, 7-21.
29. Lopez, R. E., H. E. J. Koskinen, T. I. Pulkkinen, T. Bösinger, R. W. McEntire, and T. A. Potemra (1993), Simultaneous observations of the poleward expansion of substorm electrojet activity and the tailward expansion of current sheet disruption in the near-Earth magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 9285-9295, doi:10.1029/92JA02401.
30. Lopez, R. E., C. C. Goodrich, M. Wilterberger, K. Papadopoulos, and J. G. Lyon (1998), Simulation of the March 9, 1995 substorm and initial comparison to data, in Geospace Mass and Energy Flow: Results From the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.104, edited by J. L. Horwitz, D. L. Gallagher, and W. K. Peterson, pp. 237- 245, AGU, Washington, D. C.
31. Lui, A. T. Y. (1991), A synthesis of magnetospheric substorm models, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1849-1856, doi:10.1029/90JA02430.
32. Lui, A. T. Y. (1996), Current disruption in the Earths magnetosphere: Observations and models, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 13,067 - 13,088, doi:10.1029/96JA00079.
33. Lui, A. T. Y., R. E. Lopez, S. M. Krimigis, R. W. McEntire, L. J. Zanetti, and T. A. Potemra (1988), A case study of magnetotail current sheet disruption and diversion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 721-724, doi:10.1029/ GL015i007p00721.
34. Lui, A. T. Y., K. Liou, M. Nosé, S. Ohtani, D. J. Williams, T. Mukai, K. Tsuruda, and S. Kokubun (1999), Near-Earth dipolarization: Evidence for a non-MHD process, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2905-2908, doi:10.1029/ 1999GL003620. (Pubitemid 30045048)
35. Lui, A. T. Y., et al. (2008), Determination of the substorm initiation region from a major conjunction interval of THEMIS satellites, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A00C04, doi:10.1029/2008JA013424.
36. Lyons, L. R., and J. C. Samson (1992), Formation of the stable auroral arc that intensifies at substorm onset, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 2171-2174, doi:10.1029/92GL02494.
37. McPherron, R. L. (1970), Growth phase of magnetospheric substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 5592-5599, doi:10.1029/JA075i028p05592.
38. McPherron, R. L. (1979), Magnetospheric substorms, Rev. Geophys., 17, 657-681, doi:10.1029/RG017i004p00657.
39. McPherron, R. L., C. T. Russell, and M. P. Aubry (1973), Satellite studies of magnetospheric substorms on August 15, 1968: 9. Phenomenological model for substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 3131-3149, doi:10.1029/ JA078i016p03131.
40. Nagai, T. (1982), Observed magnetic substorm signatures at synchronous altitude, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 4405-4417, doi:10.1029/JA087iA06p04405.
41. Nagai, T., M. Fujimoto, Y. Saito, S. Machida, T. Terasawa, R. Nakamura, T. Yamamoto, T. Mukai, A. Nishida, and S. Kokubun (1998), Structure and dynamics of magnetic reconnection for substorm onsets with Geotail observations, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 4419-4440, doi:10.1029/97JA02190.
42. Peroomian, V., M. El-Alaoui, M. Ashour-Abdalla, and L. M. Zelenyi (2007), A comparison of solar wind and ionospheric plasma contributions to the September 24- 25, 1998 magnetic storm, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 69, 212-222, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2006.07.025. (Pubitemid 46304452)
43. Raeder, J., J. Berchem, and M. Ashour-Abdalla (1998), The Geospace environment modeling grand challenge: Results from a global Geospace circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14,787- 14,797, doi:10.1029/98JA00014.
44. Raeder, J., R. L. McPherron, L. A. Frank, S. Kokubun, G. Lu, T. Mukai,W. R. Paterson, J. B. Sigwarth, H. J. Singer, and J. A. Slavin (2001), Global simulation of the Geospace Environment Modeling substorm challenge event, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 381-395, doi:10.1029/2000JA000605.
45. Runov, A., et al. (2008), Multipoint in situ and ground-based observations during auroral intensifications, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A00C07, doi:10.1029/2008JA013493.
46. Sato, T., and T. Hayashi (1979), Externally driven magnetic reconnection and a powerful magnetic energy converter, Phys. Fluids, 22, 1189-1202, doi:10.1063/1.862721.
47. Sergeev, V. A., V. Angelopoulos, D. G. Mitchell, and C. T. Russell (1995), In situ observations of magnetotail reconnection prior to the onset of a small substorm, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19,121 - 19,133, doi:10.1029/95JA01471.
48. Sergeev, V. A., V. Angelopoulos, J. T. Gosling, C. A. Cattell, and C. T. Russell (1996), Detection of localized, plasma-depleted flux tubes or bubbles in the midtail plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 10,817 -10,826, doi:10.1029/96JA00460.
49. Shiokawa, K., W. Baumjohann, and G. Haerendel (1997), Braking of highspeed flows in the near-Earth tail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1179-1182, doi:10.1029/97GL01062.
50. E, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5264-5272, doi:10.1029/ JA094iA05p05264.
51. Takahashi, K., L. J. Zanetti, R. E. Lopez, R. W. McEntire, T. A. Potemra, and K. Yumoto (1987), Disruption of the magnetotail current sheet observed by AMPTE/CCE, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 1019-1022, doi:10.1029/GL014i010p01019.
52. Walker, R. J., T. Ogino, J. Raeder, and M. Ashour-Abdalla (1993), A global magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the magnetosphere when the interplanetary magnetic field is southward: The onset of magnetotail reconnection, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 17,235- 17,249, doi:10.1029/93JA01321.
53. Walker, R. J., T. Ogino, and M. Ashour-Abdalla (1998), The response of the magnetosphere to a solar wind density pulse, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Substorms: 4, edited by S. Kokubun and Y. Kamide, pp. 527- 530, Terra Sci., Tokyo.
54. Walker, R. J., M. Ashour-Abdalla, M. El-Alaoui, and F. V. Coroniti (2006), Magnetospheric convection during prolonged intervals with southward interplanetary magnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10219, doi:10.1029/2005JA011541.
55. White, W. W., J. A. Schoendorf, K. D. Siebert, N. C. Maynard, D. R. Weimer, G. L. Wilson, B. U. Ö . Sonnerup, G. L. Siscoe, and G. M. Erickson (2001), MHD simulation of magnetospheric transport at the mesoscale, in Space Weather, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.125, edited by P. Song, H. J. Singer, and G. L. Siscoe, pp. 229 - 240, AGU, Washington, D. C.
56. Winglee, R. M., A. T. Y. Lui, R. P. Lin, R. P. Lepping, S. Kokubun, G. Rostoker, and J. C. Samson (1998), Magnetospheric-ionospheric activity during an isolated substorm: A comparison between Wind/Geotail/IMP 8/CANOPUS observations and modeling, in Geospace Mass and Energy Flow: Results From the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.104, edited by J. L. Horwitz, D. L. Gallagher, and W. K. Peterson, pp. 181- 191, AGU, Washington, D. C.
57. Yermolaev, Y. I., V. A. Sergeev, L. M. Zelenyi, A. A. Petrukovich, J.-A. Sauvaud, T. Mukai, and S. Kokubun (1999), Two spacecraft observation of plasma sheet convection jet during continuous external driving, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 177-180, doi:10.1029/1998GL900118. (Pubitemid 29285653)
58. Zhou, X.-Z., et al. (2009), Thin current sheet in the substorm late growth phase: Modeling of THEMIS observations, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A03223, doi:10.1029/2008JA013777.