Multi-society Consensus Quality Improvement Guidelines for the Treatment of Lower-extremity Superficial Venous Insufficiency with Endovenous Thermal Ablation from the Society of Interventional Radiology, Cardiovascular Interventional Radiological Society of Europe, American College of Phlebology, and Canadian Interventional Radiology Association

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 14-31

  Khilnani, Neil M ^a   Grassi, Clement J ^b   Kundu, Sanjoy ^d   D'Agostino, Horacio R ^g   Khan, Arshad Ahmed ^h   McGraw, J Kevin ^k   Miller, Donald L ^i,j   Millward, Steven F ^e,f   Osnis, Robert B ^l   Postoak, Darren ^m   Saiter, Cindy Kaiser ^o   Schwartzberg, Marc S ^p   Swan, Timothy L ^q   Vedantham, Suresh ^r   Wiechmann, Bret N ⁿ   Crocetti, Laura ^s   Cardella, John F ^c   Min, Robert J ^a  

^a WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b LAHEY HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c BAYSTATE HEALTH   (United States)

^d Vein Institute of Toronto   (Canada)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^f Peterborough Regional Health Centre   (Canada)

^g Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center   (United States)

^h WASHINGTON HOSPITAL CENTER   (United States)

ⁱ UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIVERSITY OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

^j WALTER REED ARMY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^k RIVERSIDE METHODIST HOSPITAL   (United States)

^l RADIA   (United States)

^m UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

ⁿ Vascular and Interventional Physicians   (United States)

^o Radiology Associates   (United States)

^p Radiology Associates of Central Florida   (United States)

^q MARSHFIELD CLINIC   (United States)

^r WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^s CISANELLO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANESTHESIA; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; ARTICLE; BURN; CLINICAL TRIAL; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; DYSESTHESIA; ENDOVENOUS THERMAL ABLATION; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LEG VARICOSIS; LIPODERMATOSCLEROSIS; MEDICAL SOCIETY; MICROPHLEBECTOMY; PARESTHESIA; PHLEBECTOMY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; SAPHENOUS VEIN; SCLEROTHERAPY; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; TUMESCENT ANESTHESIA; VARICOSIS;

CONSENSUS; HUMANS; HYPERTHERMIA, INDUCED; INTERNATIONALITY; LOWER EXTREMITY; PATIENT CARE TEAM; PHLEBOGRAPHY; QUALITY ASSURANCE, HEALTH CARE; RADIOLOGY, INTERVENTIONAL; VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY;

EID: 72549083404     PISSN: 10510443     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2009.01.034     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Caggiati A., Bergan J.J., Gloviczki P., Jantet G., Wendell-Smith C.P., and Partsch H. International Interdisciplinary Consensus Committee on Venous Anatomical Terminology. Nomenclature of the veins of the lower limbs: an international interdisciplinary consensus statement. J Vasc Surg 36 (2002) 416-422
2. Caggiati A., Bergan J.J., Gloviczki P., Eklof B., Allegra C., and Partsch H. International Interdisciplinary Consensus Committee on Venous Anatomical Terminology. Nomenclature of the veins of the lower limb: extensions, refinements, and clinical application. J Vasc Surg 41 (2005) 719-724
3. Nicolaides A.N., Hussein M.K., Szendro G., Christopoulos D., Vasdekis S., and Clarke H. The relation of venous ulceration with ambulatory venous pressure measurements. J Vasc Surg 17 (1993) 414-419
4. Kistner R.L., Eklof B., and Masuda E.M. Diagnosis of chronic venous disease of the lower extremities: the CEAP classification. Mayo Clinic Proc 71 (1996) 338-345
5. Labropoulos N., Delis K., Nicolaides A.N., Leon M., Ramaswami G., and Volteas N. The role of the distribution and anatomic extent of reflux in the development of signs and symptoms in chronic venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg 23 (1996) 504-510
6. Labropoulos N. Clinical correlation to various patterns of reflux. J Vasc Surg 31 (1997) 242-248
7. Meissner M., Caps M.T., Zierler B., et al. Determinants of chronic venous disease after acute deep vein thrombosis. Vasc Surg 28 (1998) 826-833
8. Jones L., Braithwaite B.D., Selwyn D., Cooke S., and Earnshaw J.J. Neovascularization is the principle cause for varicose vein recurrence: results of a randomized trial of stripping the long saphenous vein. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 12 (1996) 442-445
9. Labropoulos N. CEAP in clinical practice. J Vasc Surg 31 (1997) 224-225
10. Rutherford R.B., Padberg Jr. F.T., Comerota A.J., et al. Venous severity scoring: an adjunct to venous outcome assessment. J Vasc Surg 31 (2000) 1307-1312
11. Nguyen T., Bergan J., Min R., Morrison N., and Zimmet S. Curriculum of the American College of Phlebology. Phlebology 21 suppl 2 (2006) 1-20
12. Kurz X., Kahn S.R., Abenhein L., et al. Chronic venous disorders of the leg: epidemiology, outcomes, diagnosis and management. Summary of an evidence-based report of the VEINES task force (Venous Insufficiency Epidemiologic and Economic Studies). Int Angiol 18 (1999) 83-102
13. Coleridge-Smith P., Labropoulos N., Partsch H., Myer K., Nicolaides A., and Cavezzi A. Duplex ultrasound investigation of the veins in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs-UIP consensus document. Part 1: basic principles. Phlebology 21 (2006) 158-167
14. Bergan J., Min R., Zimmet S., and Zygmunt J. Duplex ultrasound imaging of lower extremity veins in chronic venous disease, exclusive of deep venous thrombosis: guideline for performance and interpretation of studies; ACP Guideline, April 2006 (2006), American College of Phlebology, San Leandro, CA
15. Min R.J., Khilnani N.M., and Golia P. Duplex ultrasound evaluation of lower extremity venous insufficiency. J Vasc Interv Radiol 14 (2003) 1233-1241
16. Cavezzi A., Labropoulos N., Partsch H., et al. Duplex ultrasound investigation of the veins in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs-UIP consensus document. Part 2: anatomy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 31 (2006) 288-299
17. Ahmad I., Ahmad W., and Dingui M. Prevention or reversal of deep venous insufficiency by aggressive treatment of superficial venous disease. Am J Surg 191 (2006) 33-38
18. Peden E., and Lumsden A. Radiofrequency ablation of incompetent perforator veins. Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther 19 (2007) 73-77
19. Chang C., and Chua J. Endovenous laser photocoagulation (EVLP) for varicose veins. Lasers Surg Med 31 (2002) 257-262
20. Chong P.F.S., Kumar R., Kushwaha R., Sweeney A., and Chaloner E.J. Technical tip: cold saline infiltration instead of local anaesthic in endovenous laser treatment. Phlebology 21 (2006) 88-89
21. Malloy P.C., Grassi C.J., Kundu S., et al. Consensus guidelines for periprocedural management of coagulation status and hemostasis risk in percutaneous image-guided interventions. J Vasc Interv Radiol 20 (2009) S240-S249
22. Theivacumar N.S., and Gough M.J. Influence of warfarin on the success of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of the great saphenous vein (GSV). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 38 (2009) 506-510
23. Proebstle T.M., Gul D., Lehr H.A., et al. Infrequent early recanalization of greater saphenous vein after endovenous laser treatment. J Vasc Surg 38 (2003) 511-516
24. Yu S.S., Tope W.D., and Grekin R.C. Cardiac devices and electromagnetic interference revisited: new radiofrequency technologies and implications for dermatologic surgery. Dermatol Surg 31 (2005) 932-940
25. Monahan D.L. Can phlebectomy be deferred in the treatment of varicose veins?. J Vasc Surg 42 (2005) 1145-1149
26. Welch H.J. Endovenous ablation of the great saphenous vein may avert phlebectomy for branch varicose veins. J Vasc Surg 44 (2006) 601-605
27. Kundu S., Lurie F., Millward S.F., et al. Recommended reporting standards for percutaneous ablation for the treatment of venous insufficiency: Joint Statement of the American Venous Forum and the Society of Interventional Radiology. J Vasc Interv Radiol 18 (2007) 1073-1080
28. Pichot O., Kabnick L.S., Creton D., Merchant R.F., Schuller-Petroviae S., and Chandler J.G. Duplex ultrasound scan findings two years after great saphenous vein radiofrequency endovenous obliteration. J Vasc Sug 39 (2004) 189-195
29. Yang C.H., Chou H.S., and Lo Y.F. Incompetent great saphenous veins treated with endovenous 1,320-nm laser: results for 71 legs and morphologic evolvement study. Dermatol Surg 32 (2006) 1453-1457
30. Goldman M.P. Closure of the greater saphenous veins with endoluminal radiofrequency thermal heating of the vein wall in combination with ambulatory phlebectomy: preliminary 6-month follow-up. Dermatol Surg 26 (2000) 452-456
31. Goldman M.P., and Amiry S. Closure of the greater saphenous veins with endoluminal radiofrequency thermal heating of the vein wall in combination with ambulatory phlebectomy: 50 patients with more than 6-month follow-up. Dermatol Surg 28 (2002) 29-31
32. Weiss R.A., and Weiss M.A. Controlled radiofrequency endovenous occlusion using a unique radiofrequency catheter under duplex guidance to eliminate saphenous varicose vein reflux: a 2 year follow-up. Dermatol Surg 28 (2002) 38-42
33. Merchant R.F., dePalma R.G., and Kabnick L.S. Endovascular obliteration of saphenous reflux: a multicenter study. J Vasc Surg 35 (2002) 1180-1186
34. Wagner W.H., Levin P.M., Cossman D.V., Lauterbach S.R., Cohen J.L., and Farber A. Early experience with radiofrequency ablation of the greater saphenous vein. Ann Vasc Surg 18 (2004) 42-47
35. Hingorani A.P., Ascher E., Markevich N., et al. Deep vein thrombosis after radiofrequency ablation of the grater saphenous vein: a word of caution. J Vasc Surg 40 (2004) 500-504
36. Merchant R.F., Pichot O., and Closure Study Group. Long-term outcomes of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration of saphenous reflux as a treatment of superficial venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg 42 (2005) 502-509
37. Nicolini P., and Closure Group. Treatment of primary varicose veins by endovenous obliteration by the Closure system: results of a prospective multicentre study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 29 (2005) 433-439
38. Merchant R.F., Pichot O., and Meyers K.A. Four-year follow-up on endovascular radiofrequency obliteration of great saphenous reflux. Dermatol Surg 31 (2005) 129-134
39. Mozes G., Kalra M., Carmo M., Swenson L., and Gloviczki P. extension of saphenous thrombus into the femoral vein: a potential complication of new endovenous ablation techniques. J Vasc Surg 41 (2005) 130-135
40. Puggioni A., Kalra M., Carmo M., Mozes G., and Gloviczki P. Endovenous laser therapy and radiofrequency ablation of the great saphenous vein: analysis of early efficacy and complications. J Vasc Surg 42 (2005) 488-493
41. Dunn C.W., Kabnick L.S., Merchant R.F., Owens R., and Weiss R.A. Endovascular radiofrequency obliteration using 90°C for treatment of great saphenous vein. Ann Vasc Surg 20 (2006) 625-629
42. Ravi R., Rodriguez-Lopez J.A., Trayler E.A., Barrett D.A., Ramaiah V., and Diethrich E.B. Endovenous ablation of incompetent saphenous veins: a large single-center experience. J Endovasc Ther 13 (2006) 244-248
43. Almeida J.I., and Raines J.K. Radiofrequency ablation and laser ablation in the treatment of varicose veins. Ann Vasc Surg 20 (2006) 547-552
44. Proebstle T.M., Vago B., Alm J., Gockeritz O., Lebard C., and Pichot O. Closure Fast Clinical Study. Treatment of the incompetent great saphenous vein by endovenous radiofrequency powered segmental thermal ablation: first clinical experience. J Vasc Surg 47 (2008) 151-156
45. Navarro L., Min R.J., and Bone C. Endovenous laser: a new minimally invasive method of treatment of varicose veins-preliminary observations using an 810nm diode laser. Dermatol Surg 27 (2001) 117-122
46. Min R.J., Zimmet S.E., Isaacs M.N., and Forrestal M.D. Endovenous treatment of the incompetent greater saphenous vein. J Vasc Interv Radiol 12 (2001) 1167-1171
47. Oh C.K., Jung D.S., Jang H.S., and Kwon K.S. Endovenous laser surgery of incompetent grater saphenous vein with a 980-nm diode laser. Dermatol Surg 29 (2003) 1135-1140
48. Min R.J., Khilnani N.M., and Zimmett S.E. Endovenous laser treatment of saphenous vein reflux: long-term results. J Vasc Interv Radiol 14 (2003) 991-996
49. Proebstle T.M., Gul D., Kargl A., and Knop J. Endovenous laser treatment of the lesser saphenous vein with a 940-nm diode laser: early results. Dermatol Surg 29 (2003) 357-361
50. Perkowski P., Ravi R., Gowda R.C.N., et al. Endovenous laser ablation of the saphenous vein for treatment of venous insufficiency and varicose veins: early results from a large single-center experience. J Endovasc Ther 11 (2004) 132-138
51. Sadick N.S., and Waser S. Combined endovascular laser with ambulatory phlebectomy for the treatment of superficial venous incompetence: a 2-year perspective. J Cosmet Laser Ther 24 (2004) 149-153
52. Timperman P.E., Sichlau M., and Ryu R.K. Greater energy delivery improves treatment success of endovenous laser treatment of incompetent saphenous veins. J Vasc Interv Radiol 10 (2004) 1061-1063
53. Proebstle T.M., Krummenauer F., Gul D., et al. Nonocclusion and early reopening of the great saphenous vein after endovenous laser treatment is fluence dependent. Dermatol Surg 30 (2004) 174-178
54. Goldman M.P., Mauricio M., and Rao J. Intravascular 1320-nm laser closure of the great saphenous vein: a 6 to 12-month follow-up study. Dermatol Surg 30 (2004) 1380-1385
55. Proebstle T.M., Moehler T., Gul D., and Herdemann S. Endovenous treatment of the great saphenous vein using a 1,320 nm Nd:YAG laser causes fewer side effects than using a 940 nm diode laser. Dermatol Surg 31 (2005) 1678-1683
56. Timperman P.E. Prospective evaluation of higher energy great saphenous vein endovenous laser treatment. J Vasc Interv Radiol 16 (2005) 791-794
57. Kabnick L.S. Outcome of different endovenous laser wavelengths for great saphenous vein ablation. J Vasc Surg 43 (2006) 88-93
58. Kim H.S., and Paxton B.E. Endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein with a 980-nm diode laser in continuous mode: early treatment failures and successful repeat treatments. J Vasc Interv Radiol 17 (2006) 1449-1455
59. Kavuturu S., Girishkumar H., and Ehrlich F. Endovenous laser ablation of saphenous veins is an effective treatment modality for lower extremity varicose veins. Am Surg 72 (2006) 672-675
60. Myers K., Fris R., and Jolley D. Treatment of varicose veins by endovenous laser therapy: assessment of results by ultrasound surveillance. Med J Austral 185 (2006) 199-202
61. Sadick N.S., and Wasser S. Combined endovascular laser plus ambulatory phlebectomy for the treatment of superficial venous incompetence: a 4-year perspective. J Cosmet Laser Ther 9 (2007) 9-13
62. Theivacumar N.S., Beale R.J., Mavor A.I., and Gough M.J. Initial experience in endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of varicose veins due to small saphenous vein reflux. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 33 (2007) 614-618
63. Gibson K.D., Ferris B.L., Polissar N., Neradilek B., and Pepper D. Endovenous laser treatment of the short saphenous vein: efficacy and complications. J Vasc Surg 45 (2007) 795-801
64. Desmyttere J., Grard C., Wassmer B., and Mordon S. Endovenous 980-nm laser treatment of saphenous veins in a series of 500 patients. J Vasc Surg 46 (2007) 1242-1247
65. Lurie F., Creton D., Eklof B., et al. Prospective randomized study of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration (closure procedure) versus ligation and stripping in a selected patient population (EVOLVeS Study). J Vasc Surg 38 (2003) 207-214
66. Dwerryhouse S., Davies B., Harradine K., and Earnshaw J.J. Stripping the long saphenous vein reduced the rate of reoperation for recurrent varicose veins: five-year results of a randomized trial. J Vasc Surg 24 (1999) 589-592
67. Marston W.A., Owens L.V., Davies S., Mendes R.R., Farber M.A., and Keagy B.A. Endovenous saphenous ablation corrects the hemodynamic abnormality in patients with CEAP clinical class 3-6 CVI due to superficial reflux. Vasc Endovasc Surg 40 (2006) 125-130
68. Mekako A.I., Hatfield J., Bryce J., et al. A nonrandomized controlled trial of endovenous laser therapy and surgery in the treatment of varicose veins. Ann Vasc Surg 20 (2006) 451-457
69. Rasmussen L.H., Bjoern L., Lawaetz M., et al. Randomized trial comparing endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein with high ligation and stripping in patients with varicose veins: short term results. J Vasc Surg 46 (2007) 308-315
70. Theivacumar N.S., Dellagrammaticas D., Beale R.J., Mavor A.I., and Gough M.J. Fate and clinical significance of saphenofemoral junction tributaries following endovenous laser ablation of great saphenous vein. Br J Surg 94 (2007) 722-725
71. Owens L.V., Farber M.A., Young M.L., et al. The value of air plethysmography in predicting clinical outcome after surgical treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg 32 (2000) 961-968
72. de Medeiros, and Luccas G.C. Comparison of endovenous treatment with an 810 nm laser versus conventional stripping of the great saphenous vein in patients with primary varicose veins. Derm Surg 31 (2005) 1685-1694
73. Rautio T., Ohinmaa A., Perala J., et al. Endovenous obliteration versus conventional stripping operation in the treatment of primary varicose veins: a randomized controlled trial with comparison of the costs. J Vasc Surg 35 (2002) 958-965
74. Lurie F., Creton D., Eklof B., et al. Prospective randomized study of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration (Closure) versus ligation and stripping (EVOLVeS): two-year follow-up. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 29 (2005) 67-73
75. Perala J., Ratio T., Biancari F., et al. Radiofrequency endovenous obliteration versus stripping of the long saphenous vein in the management of primary varicose veins: 3-year outcome of a randomized study. Ann Vasc Surg 19 (2005) 669-672
76. Stotter L., Schaaf I., and Bockelbrink A. comparative outcomes of radiofrequency endoluminal ablation, invagination stripping, and cryostripping in the treatment of great saphenous vein insufficiency. Phlebology 21 (2006) 60-64
77. Vuylsteke M., Van den Bussche D., Audenaert E.A., and Lissens P. Endovenous obliteration for the treatment of primary varicose veins. Phlebology 21 (2006) 80-87
78. Hinchliffe R.J., Ubhi J., Beech A., et al. A prospective randomized controlled trial of VNUS closure versus surgery for the treatment of recurrent long saphenous veins. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 31 (2006) 212-218
79. Zimmet S.E., and Min R.J. Temperature changes in perivenous tissue during endovenous laser treatment in a swine model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 14 (2003) 911-915
80. Zikorus A.W., and Mirizzi M.S. Evaluation of setpoint temperature and pullback speed on vein adventitial temperature during endovenous radiofrequency energy delivery in an in-vitro model. Vasc Endovascular Surg 38 (2004) 167-174
81. Morrison C., and Dalsing M.C. Signs and symptoms of saphenous nerve injury after greater saphenous vein stripping: prevalence, severity and relevance for modern practice. J Vasc Surg 38 (2003) 886-890
82. Timperman P.E. Endovenous laser treatment of incompetent below-knee great saphenous vein. J Vasc Interv Radiol 18 (2007) 1495-1499
83. Merchant R.F., Kistner R.L., and Kabnick L.S. Re: "Is there an increased risk for DVT after the Closure procedure?. J Vasc Surg 38 (2003) 628
84. Kabnick L.S., Ombrellino M., Agis H., et al. Endovenous heat induced thrombus (EHIT) at the superficial-deep venous junction: a new post-treatment clinical entity, classification and patient treatment strategies [abstract] (2006) Presented at the American Venous Forum 18th Annual Meeting; February 23, Miami, FL
85. van Rij A.M., Jones G.T., Hill G.B., and Jiang P. Neovascularization and recurrent varicose veins: more histologic and ultrasound evidence. J Vasc Surg 40 (2004) 296-302
86. Ravi R., Bhutani A., and Diethrich E.B. "No sheath left behind.". J Endovasc Ther 14 (2007) 265-267
87. Timperman P.E. Arteriovenous fistula after endovenous laser treatment of the short saphenous vein. J Vasc Interv Radiol 15 (2004) 625-627