메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 189-210

The European Approach to Nanoregulation

Author keywords

European approach to nanoregulation; Harmonized testing procedures and risk assessment methodologies; Nanotechnology and use of standardization

Indexed keywords


EID: 72449187243     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470165874.ch12     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (6)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 84890583655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treaty establishing the European Community (Official Journal C325 of 24 Dec.), Part Three-Community policies, Title XIII, Public Health, Article 152.
    • Treaty establishing the European Community (Official Journal C325 of 24 Dec. 2002), Part Three-Community policies, Title XIII, Public Health, Article 152.
    • (2002)
  • 2
    • 84890716003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treaty establishing the European Community (Official Journal C325 of 24 Dec.), Part Three-Community policies, Title XIII, Consumer Protection, Article 153.
    • Treaty establishing the European Community (Official Journal C325 of 24 Dec. 2002), Part Three-Community policies, Title XIII, Consumer Protection, Article 153.
    • (2002)
  • 3
    • 84890723792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at http://www.euractiv.com/en/agenda2004/lisbon-agenda/article-117510.
  • 4
    • 84890593934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanotechnologies: A preliminary risk analysis on the basis of a workshop organized in Brussels on 1-2 March 2004 by the Health and Consumer Protection Directorate General of the European Commission
    • Nanotechnologies: A preliminary risk analysis on the basis of a workshop organized in Brussels on 1-2 March 2004 by the Health and Consumer Protection Directorate General of the European Commission, Available at http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/events_risk_en.htm.
  • 5
    • 84873887971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanosciences and nanotechnologies: An action plan for Europe 2005-2009
    • 243 final, Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee.
    • Nanosciences and nanotechnologies: An action plan for Europe 2005-2009, COM(2005) 243 final, Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee.
    • (2005) COM
  • 6
    • 0004444955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guide to the implementation of directives based on the New Approach and the Global Approach
    • European Communities
    • Guide to the implementation of directives based on the New Approach and the Global Approach, European Communities, 2000. Available at: http://europa.eu.int/comm./enterprise/newapproach/ newapproach.htm.
    • (2000)
  • 7
    • 84890677586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newapproach/standardization/harmstds/index_en.html.
  • 8
    • 84890657050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Innovation Society is a Swiss research and consulting company focussing on business applications and economic impacts of nanotechnology
    • The Innovation Society is a Swiss research and consulting company focussing on business applications and economic impacts of nanotechnology. Available at www.innovationsociety.ch.
  • 9
    • 34249023113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nano-Regulation-A multistakeholder-dialogue-approach toward a sustainable regulatory framework for nanotechnologies and nanosciences
    • (March), Christoph Meili, The Innovation Society, Ltd, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
    • Nano-Regulation-A multistakeholder-dialogue-approach toward a sustainable regulatory framework for nanotechnologies and nanosciences (March 2006), Christoph Meili, The Innovation Society, Ltd, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
    • (2006)
  • 10
    • 84890653196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • -9 m (1-billionth of a meter).
    • -9 m (1-billionth of a meter).
  • 11
    • 84890601527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The international equivalent standardization organizations are ISO (International Standards Organization), IEC (International Electrotechnical Commision), and ITU (International Telecommunications Union).
    • The international equivalent standardization organizations are ISO (International Standards Organization), IEC (International Electrotechnical Commision), and ITU (International Telecommunications Union).
  • 12
    • 84890604206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PAS 71: 2005 Vocabulary-Nanoparticles (ISBN 0-580-45925-X)
    • PAS 71: 2005 Vocabulary-Nanoparticles (ISBN 0-580-45925-X). Available at www.bsi-global.com/ nano.
  • 13
    • 84890682678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CEN/STAR Recommendations for ERA (the European Research Area) and the 7th FWP (7th Framework Programme), Ref: SG CORR/11125, in letter to Mr. J. Potocnik, Commissioner for Research, European Commission dated December 6, (accessed August 6, 2006)
    • CEN/STAR Recommendations for ERA (the European Research Area) and the 7th FWP (7th Framework Programme), Ref: SG CORR/11125, in letter to Mr. J. Potocnik, Commissioner for Research, European Commission dated December 6, 2004. Available at http://cordis.europa.eu/documents/ documentlibrary/2483EN.pdf (accessed August 6, 2006).
    • (2004)
  • 14
    • 5744238688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: The Royal Society and The Royal Academy of Engineering
    • Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncertainties. London: The Royal Society and The Royal Academy of Engineering, 2004. Available free of charge at www.royalsoc.ac.uk/policy and on www.raeng.org.uk.
    • (2004) Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncertainties
  • 15
    • 84890759000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanotubes are a specific tube-like form of carbon nanoparticles.
    • Nanotubes are a specific tube-like form of carbon nanoparticles.
  • 16
    • 84890741012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Government response to the Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering Report "Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncertainties." London: DTI, HM Government
    • Government response to the Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering Report "Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncertainties." London: DTI, HM Government (2005).
    • (2005)
  • 17
    • 84890574753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations, and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances.
    • Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations, and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances.
  • 18
    • 84890625459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances) database is a database of chemicals on the European Community market between January 1, 1971, and September 18, 1981. It is maintained by the European Chemicals Bureau. Any chemical marketed after September 18, 1981, is a "new" chemical.
    • EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances) database is a database of chemicals on the European Community market between January 1, 1971, and September 18, 1981. It is maintained by the European Chemicals Bureau. Any chemical marketed after September 18, 1981, is a "new" chemical.
  • 19
    • 84890781065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dangerous Substances Directive (67/548/EEC).
    • Dangerous Substances Directive (67/548/EEC).
  • 20
    • 84890741357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the adequacy of current regulatory regimes to secure effective regulation of nanoparticles created by nanotechnology, HSE, published March
    • Review of the adequacy of current regulatory regimes to secure effective regulation of nanoparticles created by nanotechnology, HSE. Available at www.hse.gov.uk/horizons/nanotech, published March 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 21
    • 84890683690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (EINECS).
    • European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (EINECS).
  • 22
    • 84890751151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 12th International Workshop on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Environmental Toxicology, 2006 (Poster) (accessed August 11)
    • The 12th International Workshop on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Environmental Toxicology, 2006 (Poster) (accessed August 11, 2006). Available at http://ecb.jrc.it/home.php? CONTENU+/DOCUMENTS/QSAR/INFORMATION_SOURCES/PRESENTATIONS/Bassan_Lyon_ 0605_poster.pdf.
    • (2006)
  • 23
    • 84890652448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances.
    • Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances.
  • 24
    • 84890697697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006.
    • Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006.
  • 25
    • 84890648271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Powders composed of particles on the nanoscale range of approximately 1-100 nm. Other terms for nanopowders are "nanoparticles," "nanomaterials," and "ultrafine particles."
    • Powders composed of particles on the nanoscale range of approximately 1-100 nm. Other terms for nanopowders are "nanoparticles," "nanomaterials," and "ultrafine particles."
  • 26
    • 84890720790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directive 1999/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 16, 1999 on minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres.
    • Directive 1999/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 16, 1999 on minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres.
  • 27
    • 84890574158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directive 94/9/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of March 23, 1994 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres.
    • Directive 94/9/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of March 23, 1994 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres.
  • 28
    • 84890752951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Literature review-explosion hazards associatedwith nanopowders (HSL/2004/12).Author(s):DKPritchard, BSc, PhD, CChem, MRSC,.(accessed October 18)
    • Literature review-explosion hazards associatedwith nanopowders (HSL/2004/12).Author(s):DKPritchard, BSc, PhD, CChem, MRSC. Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/hsl_pdf/2004/hsl04-12. pdf#search = 'HSE%20explosion%20hazards%20associated%20with%20nanopowders%20%28HSL%2F2 004%2F12%29' (accessed October 18, 2006).
    • (2006)
  • 29
    • 84890755840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nanosize range is usually thought of as being between 1 and 100 nm.
    • The nanosize range is usually thought of as being between 1 and 100 nm.
  • 30
    • 84890623853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Remediation" is the cleanup of an environmentally contaminated site. Nanofilters are able to remove biological toxins and toxic metals from water, and nanoremediation is a promising application of nanotechnology to environmental problems.
    • "Remediation" is the cleanup of an environmentally contaminated site. Nanofilters are able to remove biological toxins and toxic metals from water, and nanoremediation is a promising application of nanotechnology to environmental problems.
  • 31
    • 84890678259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directive 2000/53/EC.
    • Directive 2000/53/EC.
  • 32
    • 84890590326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defra consultation on a Voluntary Reporting Scheme for engineered nanoscale materials-Summary of findings and government's response, August
    • Defra consultation on a Voluntary Reporting Scheme for engineered nanoscale materials-Summary of findings and government's response, August 2006. Available at http://www.defra.gov.uk/corporate/ consult/nanotech-vrs/nanotechvrs-consultfindings.pdf.
    • (2006)
  • 33
    • 84890629814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Each UK regulatory authority has an independent scientific advisory body to give advice relevant to the topic concerned (e.g., there are advisory committees for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and toxicity of chemicals in food, consumer products, and the environment).
    • Each UK regulatory authority has an independent scientific advisory body to give advice relevant to the topic concerned (e.g., there are advisory committees for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and toxicity of chemicals in food, consumer products, and the environment).
  • 34
    • 84890770165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Draft report of FSA regulatory review of the use of nanotechnologies in relation to food, March
    • Draft report of FSA regulatory review of the use of nanotechnologies in relation to food, March 2006. Available at http://www.foodstandards.gov.uk/Consultations/ukwideconsults/2006/nanotech.
    • (2006)
  • 35
    • 84890704821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDF response to FSA draft report of regulatory review of the use of nanotechnologies in relation to food
    • FDF response to FSA draft report of regulatory review of the use of nanotechnologies in relation to food. Available at http://www.fdf.org.uk/responses/fdf_response_nano.pdf.
  • 36
    • 84890696055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation (EC) 1935/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.
    • Regulation (EC) 1935/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.
  • 37
    • 84890720625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council Directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products.
    • Council Directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products.
  • 38
    • 84890645358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products.
    • Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products.
  • 39
    • 84890678538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion concerning Titanium Dioxide, Colipa n S75 adopted by the SCCNFP during the 14th plenary meeting of October 24
    • Opinion concerning Titanium Dioxide, Colipa n S75 adopted by the SCCNFP during the 14th plenary meeting of October 24, 2000. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/sccp/ docshtml/sccp_out135_en.htm.
    • (2000)
  • 40
    • 84890616085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicinal Products Directive 2001/83/EC, Council Directive of 6 November
    • Medicinal Products Directive 2001/83/EC, Council Directive of 6 November, 2001. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/pharmaccuticals/eudralex/vol-1/consol_2004/human_code.pdf.
    • (2001)
  • 41
    • 84890734222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council Directive 93/42/EEC of June 14, 1993 concerning medical devices.
    • Council Directive 93/42/EEC of June 14, 1993 concerning medical devices.
  • 42
    • 84890581511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council Directive 90/385/EEC of June 20, 1990 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to active implantable medical devices.
    • Council Directive 90/385/EEC of June 20, 1990 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to active implantable medical devices.
  • 43
    • 84890596201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council Directive 98/79/EC of October 27, 1998 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices.
    • Council Directive 98/79/EC of October 27, 1998 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices.
  • 44
    • 84890697148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue engineering is the regeneration of biological tissue through the use of cells, with the aid of supporting structures (that may be mechanical scaffolds) and/or biomolecules. The cells used may be human or animal derived.
    • Tissue engineering is the regeneration of biological tissue through the use of cells, with the aid of supporting structures (that may be mechanical scaffolds) and/or biomolecules. The cells used may be human or animal derived.
  • 45
    • 84890734788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflection paper on nanotechnology-based medicinal products for human use, EMEA/CHMP/79769/ 2006, June 29
    • Reflection paper on nanotechnology-based medicinal products for human use, EMEA/CHMP/79769/ 2006, June 29, 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 46
    • 84890745160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Announcement of formation of new task force
    • Announcement of formation of new task force available at: http://www.emea.eu.int/htms/human/itf/itfintro.htm.
  • 47
    • 84890620638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science and innovation investment framework 2004-2014, Part 7 "Science and Society."
    • Science and innovation investment framework 2004-2014, Part 7 "Science and Society." Available at http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/spending_review/spend_sr04/associated_documents/spending_sr04_ science.cfm.
  • 48
    • 84890615826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4th Nanoforum Report: Benefits, Risks, Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects of Nanotechnology. Part 7: the need for and rise of new legislation and regulation caused by the emergency of Nanotechnology
    • 2nd Edition-October
    • 4th Nanoforum Report: Benefits, Risks, Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects of Nanotechnology. Part 7: the need for and rise of new legislation and regulation caused by the emergency of Nanotechnology, 2nd Edition-October 2005.
    • (2005)
  • 49
    • 84890674837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanotechnologies: A preliminary risk analysis on the basis of a workshop organized in Brussels on 1-2 March 2004 by the Health and Consumer Protection Directorate General of the European Commission.
    • Nanotechnologies: A preliminary risk analysis on the basis of a workshop organized in Brussels on 1-2 March 2004 by the Health and Consumer Protection Directorate General of the European Commission.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.