Protecting Canada's critical national infrastructure from terrorism mapping a proactive strategy for energy security

International Journal

Volumn 64, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 775-797

  Rudner, Martin ^a  

^a CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 72449174333     PISSN: 00207020     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/002070200906400311     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. National security policy, Privy Council Office, Ottawa, 2002.
2. "Working towards a national strategy and action plan for critical infrastructure, " draft for consultation, Public Safety Canada, 2008, www.publicsafety.gc.ca. For a critical assessment of government
3. see "Emergency preparedness in Canada, " report of the standing senate committee on national security and defence, 2008, especially vol. 1, "Problem 10."
4. "APEC energy statistics 2002, " Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, November 2004, "Energy balance table of Canada in 2002, " 48-49.
5. "Exports of goods on a balance-of-payments basis, " Statistics Canada, http://statcan. gc.ca.
6. 5"North America: The energy picture, " North American energy working group, June 2002. The working group was established in April 2001 by Canada, Mexico, and the US to enhance energy trade within the common economic space and to foster cooperation in hemispheric energy issues, infrastructure, and technologies.
7. Deborah Baker, "Canadian pleaded guilty in pipeline plot, " AP, 13 March 2008.
8. "Public report 2007-2008" Canadian Security Intelligence Service, Ottawa, 2009, 11.
9. On the emergence and evolution of al Qaeda, see, for example, Malise Ruthven, A Fury for Cod: The Islamist Attack on America (London: Granta, 2002) ;
10. Walter Laqueur, Voices of Terror: Manifestos, Writings and Manuals of Al Qaeda, Hamas, and other Terrorists from Around the World and Throughout the Ages (New York: Reed Press, 2004) ; and
11. Marc Sageman, Understanding Terror Networks (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004).
12. Jason Burke, Al-Qaeda: Casting a Shadow of Terror (New York: I. B. Tauris, 2003) ;
13. Jane Corbin, Al-Qaeda: In Search of the Terror Network that Threatens the World (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2002) ;
14. Yoram Schweitzer, The Globalization of Terror: The Challenge of Al-Qaida and the Response of the International Community (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2003) ;
15. Petter Nesser, "Jihad in Europe: A survey of the motivations for Sunni Islamist terrorism in post-millennium Europe, " Norwegian Institute for Defence Research report, Oslo, 2004, especially 18-27.
16. Michael Scheuer, Through Our Enemies' Eyes: Osama Bin Laden, Radical Islam and the Future of America, second ed. (Dulles, VA: Potomac Books, 2006), 122.
17. "Poorly protected oil facilities leave west vulnerable: Experts warn of hair-trigger market, " Daily Star, Beirut, 8 May 2006.
18. Jack Williams, "Al-Qaida threats and strategies: The religious justification for targeting the international energy economy, " CEIPPR research series no. 3, 2008, www.carleton. ca;
19. Marisa Urgo and Jack Williams, "Al-Qa'ida's medinan strategy: Targeting global energy infrastructure, " CTC Sentinel 1, no. 6 (May 2008) ;
20. see also Martin Rudner, "Protecting critical energy infrastructure protection through intelligence, " International Journal of Intelligence and Counter-intelligence 21, no. 4 (winter 2008-09).
21. Excerpted from Shaykh Abdullah bin Nasser al-Rashid, a.k.a Abdelaziz bin Rashid al-Anzi, Al-Qaida in Saudi Arabia: Excerpts from "The Laws of Targeting Petroleum-Related Interests, " Global Terror Alert, March 2006, www.globalterroralert.com.
22. Adeeb al-Bassam, "Bin Laden and the oil weapon, " Sawt al-Jihad (voice of jihad), Muharram 1428 AH (February 2007), 33 (translated by the SITE Institute, Washington, DC). On the status and role of al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
23. see Thomas Hegghammer, "Political violence in Saudi Arabia: The rise and fall of 'al-Qaida on the Arabian Peninsula', " Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Oslo, 2007.
24. Al-Bassam, "Bin Laden and the oil weapon, " 9.
25. "Public report 2007-2008, " 11.
26. Al-Quds al-Arabi, London, 17 December 2004;
27. see also Mordechai Abir, "The al-Qaeda threat to Saudi Arabia's oil sector, " Jerusalem Issue Brief 4, no. 13, 28 December 2004, Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, www.jcpa.org.
28. "Poorly protected oil facilities, " Daily Star.
29. Chris Zambelis, "Attacks in Yemen reflect al-Qaeda's global oil strategy, " Terrorism Monitor 6, no. 17, 4 September 2008.
30. Al-Bassam, "Bin Laden and the oil weapon, " 32.
31. "Full transcript of bin Laden's speech, " Al Jazeera.net, 30 October 2004, http://english.aljazeera.net.
32. "Securing an open society: Canada's national security policy, " privy council office, April 2004, 6.
33. See also Stewart Bell, "AI-Qaeda-affiliated website calls for attacks on Canadian oil industry, " National Post, 9 February 2007; and
34. Ian MacLeod, "Al-Qaeda calls for attacks on Canadian oil facilities, " National Post, 14 February 2007.
35. "Verbatim transcript of combatant status review tribunal hearing for ISN 10024, " 10 March 2007, 18-19.
36. See also "Mohammed's terror plot, " Daily Telegraph, London, 15 March 2007.
37. Murad Batal al-Shishan, "Al Qaeda & oil facilities in the midst of the global economic crisis, " Journal of Energy Security, 23 April 2009.
38. "National infrastructure protection plan: Partnering to enhance protection and resiliency, 2009, " Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC, February 2009.
39. See also Thomas Hammes, James Schear, and John Cope, "Protecting the American Homeland, " in Stephen Flanagan and James Schear, eds., Strategic Challenges (Washington, DC: National Defense University Press & Potomac Books, 2008).
40. National strategy for homeland security, Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC, 5 October 2007, 13.
41. National infrastructure protection plan, 2009, 1-2. On the importance of resilience planning, see Stephen Flynn, "America the resilient: Defying terrorism and mitigating natural disasters, " Foreign Affairs 87, no. 2 (March-April 2008).
42. Reg Whitaker, "Flight plan: Managing the risks in aviation security, " report of the advisory panel, Canadian Air Transportation Security Authority act review secretariat, Ottawa, 2006, 34.
43. "The national security strategy of the United Kingdom: Security in an interdependent world, " UK cabinet office, London, March 2008, cm 7291;
44. "Pursue, prevent, protect, prepare: The United Kingdom's strategy for countering international terrorism, " Home Office, March 2009.
45. NRCan audit and evaluation branch reports for 2007, energy infrastructure protection division, summative evaluation (E08003), www.nrcan. gc.ca.
46. On the importance of coordination and interoperability among national security partners and law enforcement services in dealing proactively with terrorist threats, see the report of the Australian federal police inquiry under Sir Laurence Street, "A review of interoperability between the AFP and national security partners, " Canberra, 12 March 2008.
47. The commissioned studies prepared under the aegis of the critical energy infrastructure protection policy research project are accessible online at Carleton University's Canadian Centre of Intelligence and Security Studies website, www.carleton. ca.
48. The Public Safety Canada daily infrastructure report is accessible at www.publicsafety.gc.ca.
49. Jacques Shore, "Cooperation: A Legal Imperative?" FrontLine Defence 2, no. 6 (2005) : 13;
50. "The legal imperative to protect critical energy infrastructure, " Canadian Centre of Intelligence and Security Studies, critical energy infrastructure policy research series no. 2, 2008.