메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 109, Issue 8, 2004, Pages

Air-sea gas transfer: Its depedence on wind stress, small-scale roughness, and surface films

Author keywords

Air sea gas transfer; Small acale waves; Surface films

Indexed keywords

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; GAS EXCHANGE; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; WIND STRESS;

EID: 7244261870     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003JC002131     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (133)

References (84)
  • 2
    • 0024895361 scopus 로고
    • Direct observation of concentration fluctuations close to a gas/liquid interface
    • Asher, W. E., and J. F. Pankow (1989), Direct observation of concentration fluctuations close to a gas/liquid interface, Chem. Eng. Sci., 44, 1451-1455.
    • (1989) Chem. Eng. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 1451-1455
    • Asher, W.E.1    Pankow, J.F.2
  • 3
    • 0025858095 scopus 로고
    • The effect of surface films on concentration fluctuations close to a gas/liquid interface
    • edited by S. C. Wilhelms and J. S. Gulliver, Am. Soc. of Civ. Eng., New York
    • Asher, W. E., and J. F. Pankow (1991), The effect of surface films on concentration fluctuations close to a gas/liquid interface, in Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, edited by S. C. Wilhelms and J. S. Gulliver, pp. 68-79, Am. Soc. of Civ. Eng., New York.
    • (1991) Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces , pp. 68-79
    • Asher, W.E.1    Pankow, J.F.2
  • 4
    • 0000713672 scopus 로고
    • Optical measurements of capillary-driven wave spectra using a scanning laser slope gauge
    • Bock, E. J., and T. Hara (1995), Optical measurements of capillary-driven wave spectra using a scanning laser slope gauge, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 395-403.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.12 , pp. 395-403
    • Bock, E.J.1    Hara, T.2
  • 5
    • 0003976799 scopus 로고
    • On ripple dynamics. II. A corrected dispersion relation for surface waves in the presence of surface elasticity
    • Bock, E. J., and J. A. Mann Jr. (1989), On ripple dynamics. II. A corrected dispersion relation for surface waves in the presence of surface elasticity, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 129, 501-505.
    • (1989) J. Colloid Interface Sci. , vol.129 , pp. 501-505
    • Bock, E.J.1    Mann Jr., J.A.2
  • 6
    • 0038074730 scopus 로고
    • Description of the science plan for the April, 1995 CoOP experiment, "Gas Transfer in Coastal Waters," performed from the Research Vessel New Horizon
    • edited by B. Jähne and E. Monahan, AEON, Hanau, Germany
    • Bock, E. J., et al. (1995), Description of the science plan for the April, 1995 CoOP experiment, "Gas Transfer in Coastal Waters," performed from the Research Vessel New Horizon, in Air-Water Gas Transfer, edited by B. Jähne and E. Monahan, pp. 801-810, AEON, Hanau, Germany.
    • (1995) Air-Water Gas Transfer , pp. 801-810
    • Bock, E.J.1
  • 7
    • 0033571821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between air-sea gas transfer and short wind waves
    • Bock, E. J., T. Hara, N. M. Frew, and W. R. McGillis (1999), Relationship between air-sea gas transfer and short wind waves, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 25,821-25,831.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 25821-25831
    • Bock, E.J.1    Hara, T.2    Frew, N.M.3    McGillis, W.R.4
  • 8
    • 0001376701 scopus 로고
    • 2-exchange in a wind-wave tunnel, including the effects of monolayers
    • 2-exchange in a wind-wave tunnel, including the effects of monolayers, J. Mar. Res., 36, 595-610.
    • (1978) J. Mar. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 595-610
    • Broecker, H.C.1    Petermann, J.2    Siems, W.3
  • 9
    • 0000857483 scopus 로고
    • Description of and results from a new surface microlayer sampling device
    • Carlson, D. J., J. L. Cantey, and J. J. Cullen (1988), Description of and results from a new surface microlayer sampling device, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 35, 1205-1213.
    • (1988) Deep Sea Res. , vol.35 , Issue.PART A , pp. 1205-1213
    • Carlson, D.J.1    Cantey, J.L.2    Cullen, J.J.3
  • 12
    • 0000674276 scopus 로고
    • The role of breaking wavelets in air-sea gas-transfer
    • Csanady, G. T. (1990), The role of breaking wavelets in air-sea gas-transfer, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 749-759.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 749-759
    • Csanady, G.T.1
  • 13
    • 0000354093 scopus 로고
    • Significance of liquid-film coefficients in gas absorption
    • Danckwerts, P. V. (1951), Significance of liquid-film coefficients in gas absorption, Ind. Eng. Chem., 43, 1460-1467.
    • (1951) Ind. Eng. Chem. , vol.43 , pp. 1460-1467
    • Danckwerts, P.V.1
  • 16
    • 0000588545 scopus 로고
    • Gas transfer to and across an air-water interface
    • Deacon, E. L. (1977), Gas transfer to and across an air-water interface, Tellus, 29, 363-374.
    • (1977) Tellus , vol.29 , pp. 363-374
    • Deacon, E.L.1
  • 17
    • 85040242425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas transfer at water surfaces - Concepts and issues
    • Geophys. Monogr. Ser., edited by M. A. Donelan et al., AGU, Washington, D. C
    • Donelan, M. A., and R. Wanninkhof (2002), Gas transfer at water surfaces-Concepts and issues, in Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 127, edited by M. A. Donelan et al., pp. 1-107, AGU, Washington, D. C.
    • (2002) Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces , vol.127 , pp. 1-107
    • Donelan, M.A.1    Wanninkhof, R.2
  • 19
    • 0032418256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Similarity relationships in the marine atmospheric surface layer for terms in the TKE and scalar variance budgets
    • Edson, J. B., and C. W. Fairall (1998), Similarity relationships in the marine atmospheric surface layer for terms in the TKE and scalar variance budgets, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2311-2328.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 2311-2328
    • Edson, J.B.1    Fairall, C.W.2
  • 21
    • 7244244779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric forcing and energy exchange during the 1997 CoOP gas exchange experiment
    • Extended Abstracts, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Dallas, Tex
    • Edson, J. B., W. R. McGillis, and N. M. Frew (1999), Atmospheric forcing and energy exchange during the 1997 CoOP gas exchange experiment, Extended Abstracts, paper presented at 13th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Dallas, Tex.
    • (1999) 13th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence
    • Edson, J.B.1    McGillis, W.R.2    Frew, N.M.3
  • 22
    • 0027803630 scopus 로고
    • A stability dependent theory for air-sea gas exchange
    • Erikson, D. J., III (1993), A stability dependent theory for air-sea gas exchange, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8471-8488.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 8471-8488
    • Erikson III, D.J.1
  • 24
    • 0033931231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization and micro-meteorological measurement of air-sea transfer
    • Fairall, C. W., J. E. Hare, J. B. Edson, and W. R. McGillis (2000), Parameterization and micro-meteorological measurement of air-sea transfer, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 96, 63-105.
    • (2000) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.96 , pp. 63-105
    • Fairall, C.W.1    Hare, J.E.2    Edson, J.B.3    McGillis, W.R.4
  • 25
    • 0003018612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of organic films in air-sea gas exchange
    • edited by P. Liss and R. Duce, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York
    • Frew, N. M. (1997), The role of organic films in air-sea gas exchange, in The Sea Surface and Global Change, edited by P. Liss and R. Duce, pp. 121-172, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
    • (1997) The Sea Surface and Global Change , pp. 121-172
    • Frew, N.M.1
  • 26
    • 0033336789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial mapping of sea surface microlayer surfactant concentration and composition
    • edited by T. I. Stein, IEEE Press, Piscataway, N. J
    • Frew, N. M., and R. K. Nelson (1999), Spatial mapping of sea surface microlayer surfactant concentration and composition, in Proceedings of the 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, edited by T. I. Stein, pp. 1472-1474, IEEE Press, Piscataway, N. J.
    • (1999) Proceedings of the 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium , pp. 1472-1474
    • Frew, N.M.1    Nelson, R.K.2
  • 27
    • 0000626448 scopus 로고
    • The impact of phytoplankton-generated surfactants on gas exchange at the air-sea interface
    • Frew, N. M., J. C. Goldman, M. R. Dennett, and A. S. Johnson (1990), The impact of phytoplankton-generated surfactants on gas exchange at the air-sea interface, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 3337-3352.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 3337-3352
    • Frew, N.M.1    Goldman, J.C.2    Dennett, M.R.3    Johnson, A.S.4
  • 28
    • 0002652810 scopus 로고
    • Variation of air-water gas transfer with wind stress and surface viscoelasticity
    • edited by B. Jähne and E. C. Monahan, AEON, Hanau, Germany
    • Frew, N. M., E. J. Bock, W. R. McGillis, A. V. Karachintsev, T. Hara, T. Münsterer, and B. Jähne (1995), Variation of air-water gas transfer with wind stress and surface viscoelasticity, in Air-Water Gas Transfer, edited by B. Jähne and E. C. Monahan, pp. 529-541, AEON, Hanau, Germany.
    • (1995) Air-Water Gas Transfer , pp. 529-541
    • Frew, N.M.1    Bock, E.J.2    McGillis, W.R.3    Karachintsev, A.V.4    Hara, T.5    Mü nsterer, T.6    Jähne, B.7
  • 29
    • 85002027724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variations in surface microlayer surfactants and their role in modulating air-sea exchange
    • Geophys. Monogr. Ser., edited by M. A. Donelan et al., AGU, Washington, D. C
    • Frew, N. M., R. K. Nelson, E. J. Bock, W. R. McGillis, J. B. Edson, and T. Hara (2002), Spatial variations in surface microlayer surfactants and their role in modulating air-sea exchange, in Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 127, edited by M. A. Donelan et al., pp. 153-159, AGU, Washington, D. C.
    • (2002) Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces , vol.127 , pp. 153-159
    • Frew, N.M.1    Nelson, R.K.2    Bock, E.J.3    McGillis, W.R.4    Edson, J.B.5    Hara, T.6
  • 30
    • 84945328605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the sea surface heat flux and probability distribution of surface renewal events
    • Geophys. Monogr. Ser., edited by M. A. Donelan et al., AGU, Washington, D. C
    • Garbe, C. S., B. Jähne, and H. Haußecker (2002), Measuring the sea surface heat flux and probability distribution of surface renewal events, in Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 127, edited by M. A. Donelan et al., pp. 109-114, AGU, Washington, D. C.
    • (2002) Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces , vol.127 , pp. 109-114
    • Garbe, C.S.1    Jähne, B.2    Haußecker, H.3
  • 31
    • 0026445259 scopus 로고
    • Small-scale surface streaming under natural conditions as effective in air-sea gas exchange
    • Ser. B
    • Gemmrich, J., and L. Hasse (1992), Small-scale surface streaming under natural conditions as effective in air-sea gas exchange, Tellus, Ser. B, 44, 150-159.
    • (1992) Tellus , vol.44 , pp. 150-159
    • Gemmrich, J.1    Hasse, L.2
  • 32
    • 0028581667 scopus 로고
    • In situ measurements of capillary-gravity wave spectra using a scanning laser slope gauge and microwave radars
    • Hara, T., E. J. Bock, and D. Lyzenga (1994), In situ measurements of capillary-gravity wave spectra using a scanning laser slope gauge and microwave radars, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12,593-12,602.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 12593-12602
    • Hara, T.1    Bock, E.J.2    Lyzenga, D.3
  • 33
    • 0346294450 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between air-sea gas transfer velocity and surface roughness
    • edited by B. Jähne and E. C. Monahan, AEON, Hanau, Germany
    • Hara, T., E. J. Bock, N. M. Frew, and W. R. McGillis (1995), Relationship between air-sea gas transfer velocity and surface roughness, in Air-Water Gas Transfer, edited by B. Jähne and E. C. Monahan, pp. 611-616, AEON, Hanau, Germany.
    • (1995) Air-Water Gas Transfer , pp. 611-616
    • Hara, T.1    Bock, E.J.2    Frew, N.M.3    McGillis, W.R.4
  • 34
    • 0032431069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of short wind waves in coastal waters
    • Hara, T., E. J. Bock, J. B. Edson, and W. R. McGillis (1998), Observations of short wind waves in coastal waters, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1425-1438.
    • (1998) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.28 , pp. 1425-1438
    • Hara, T.1    Bock, E.J.2    Edson, J.B.3    McGillis, W.R.4
  • 36
    • 84875057300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physics from IR image sequences: Quantitative analysis of transport models and parameters of air-sea gas transfer
    • Geophysical Monogr. Ser., edited by M. A. Donelan et al., AGU, Washington, D. C
    • Haußecker, H., U. Schimpf, C. S. Garbe, and B. Jähne (2002), Physics from IR image sequences: Quantitative analysis of transport models and parameters of air-sea gas transfer, in Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophysical Monogr. Ser., vol. 127, edited by M. A. Donelan et al., pp. 103-108, AGU, Washington, D. C.
    • (2002) Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces , vol.127 , pp. 103-108
    • Haußecker, H.1    Schimpf, U.2    Garbe, C.S.3    Jähne, B.4
  • 37
    • 0003122780 scopus 로고
    • The rate of absorption of a pure gas into a still liquid during short periods of exposure
    • Higbie, R. (1935), The rate of absorption of a pure gas into a still liquid during short periods of exposure, Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng., 31, 365-389.
    • (1935) Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. , vol.31 , pp. 365-389
    • Higbie, R.1
  • 39
    • 0020846482 scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of capillary and gravity waves at sea by monomolecular organic surface films
    • Hühnerfuß, H., W. Alpers, W. D. Garrett, P. A. Lange, and S. Stolte (1977), Attenuation of capillary and gravity waves at sea by monomolecular organic surface films, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 9809-9816.
    • (1977) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.88 , pp. 9809-9816
    • Hühnerfuß, H.1    Alpers, W.2    Garrett, W.D.3    Lange, P.A.4    Stolte, S.5
  • 40
    • 0019428392 scopus 로고
    • Polarographic measurement of surface-active material in natural waters
    • Hunter, K. A., and P. S. Liss (1980), Polarographic measurement of surface-active material in natural waters, Water Res., 15, 203-215.
    • (1980) Water Res. , vol.15 , pp. 203-215
    • Hunter, K.A.1    Liss, P.S.2
  • 43
    • 0018310676 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of gas exchange and momentum transfer in a circular wind-water tunnel
    • Jähne, B., K. O. Münnich, and U. Siegenthaler (1979), Measurements of gas exchange and momentum transfer in a circular wind-water tunnel, Tellus, 31, 321-329.
    • (1979) Tellus , vol.31 , pp. 321-329
    • Jähne, B.1    Münnich, K.O.2    Siegenthaler, U.3
  • 44
    • 0002239079 scopus 로고
    • Wind/wave-tunnel experiment on the Schmidt number and wave field dependence of air/water gas exchange
    • edited by W. Brutsaert and G. H. Jirka, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass
    • Jähne, B., W. Huber, A. Dutzi, T. Wais, and J. Ilmberger (1984), Wind/wave-tunnel experiment on the Schmidt number and wave field dependence of air/water gas exchange, in Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, edited by W. Brutsaert and G. H. Jirka, pp. 303-309, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass.
    • (1984) Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces , pp. 303-309
    • Jähne, B.1    Huber, W.2    Dutzi, A.3    Wais, T.4    Ilmberger, J.5
  • 46
    • 77950287294 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the diffusion coefficients of sparingly soluble gases in water
    • Jähne, B., G. Heinz, and W. Dietrich (1987b), Measurement of the diffusion coefficients of sparingly soluble gases in water, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 10,767-10,776.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 10767-10776
    • Jähne, B.1    Heinz, G.2    Dietrich, W.3
  • 47
    • 0024484204 scopus 로고
    • Investigating the transfer processes across the free aqueous boundary layer by the controlled flux method
    • Ser. B
    • Jähne, B., P. Libner, R. Fischer, T. Billen, and E. J. Plate (1989), Investigating the transfer processes across the free aqueous boundary layer by the controlled flux method, Tellus, Ser. B, 41, 177-195.
    • (1989) Tellus , vol.41 , pp. 177-195
    • Jähne, B.1    Libner, P.2    Fischer, R.3    Billen, T.4    Plate, E.J.5
  • 48
    • 0031414869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining and quantifying microscale wave breaking with infrared imagery
    • Jessup, A. T., C. J. Zappa, and H. Yeh (1997), Defining and quantifying microscale wave breaking with infrared imagery, J. Geophys. Res., 102 23,145-23,153.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 23145-23153
    • Jessup, A.T.1    Zappa, C.J.2    Yeh, H.3
  • 49
    • 0021539245 scopus 로고
    • The variation of the gas transfer coefficient with molecular diffusivity
    • edited by W. Brutsaert and G. H. Jirka, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass
    • Ledwell, J. R. (1984), The variation of the gas transfer coefficient with molecular diffusivity, in Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, edited by W. Brutsaert and G. H. Jirka, pp. 293-302, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass.
    • (1984) Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces , pp. 293-302
    • Ledwell, J.R.1
  • 50
    • 0019080773 scopus 로고
    • Hydrodynamic effect of surfactants on gas-liquid oxygen transfer
    • Lee, Y. H., G. T. Tsao, and P. C. Wankat (1980), Hydrodynamic effect of surfactants on gas-liquid oxygen transfer, AIChE J., 26, 1008-1012.
    • (1980) AIChE J. , vol.26 , pp. 1008-1012
    • Lee, Y.H.1    Tsao, G.T.2    Wankat, P.C.3
  • 52
    • 0000537158 scopus 로고
    • Air-sea gas exchange rates: Introduction and synthesis
    • edited by P. Buat-Menard, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass
    • Liss, P. S., and L. Merlivat (1986), Air-sea gas exchange rates: Introduction and synthesis, in The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling, edited by P. Buat-Menard, pp. 113-127, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass.
    • (1986) The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling , pp. 113-127
    • Liss, P.S.1    Merlivat, L.2
  • 57
    • 0032099898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory measurements of the generation and evolution of Langmuir circulations
    • Melville, W. K., R. Shear, and F. Veron (1998), Laboratory measurements of the generation and evolution of Langmuir circulations, J. Fluid Mech., 364, 31-58.
    • (1998) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.364 , pp. 31-58
    • Melville, W.K.1    Shear, R.2    Veron, F.3
  • 59
    • 0032132214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIF measurements of concentration profiles in the aqueous mass boundary layer
    • Münsterer, T., and B. Jähne (1998), LIF measurements of concentration profiles in the aqueous mass boundary layer, Exp. Fluids, 25, 190-196.
    • (1998) Exp. Fluids , vol.25 , pp. 190-196
    • Münsterer, T.1    Jähne, B.2
  • 61
    • 0034352768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements of air-sea gas transfer during an open ocean algal bloom
    • Nightingale, P. D., P. S. Liss, and P. Schlosser (2000b), Measurements of air-sea gas transfer during an open ocean algal bloom, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2117-2120.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 2117-2120
    • Nightingale, P.D.1    Liss, P.S.2    Schlosser, P.3
  • 62
    • 0028797565 scopus 로고
    • Imaging of oceanic features by ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar
    • Nilsson, C. S., and P. C. Tildesley (1995), Imaging of oceanic features by ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 953-967.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 953-967
    • Nilsson, C.S.1    Tildesley, P.C.2
  • 63
    • 0000424455 scopus 로고
    • Some practical aspects of measuring DOC-sampling artifacts and analytical problems with marine samples
    • Peltzer, E. T., and P. G. Brewer (1993), Some practical aspects of measuring DOC-sampling artifacts and analytical problems with marine samples, Mar. Chem., 41, 243-252.
    • (1993) Mar. Chem. , vol.41 , pp. 243-252
    • Peltzer, E.T.1    Brewer, P.G.2
  • 64
    • 0018465952 scopus 로고
    • Radon evasion rates in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans as determined during the GEOSECS program
    • Peng, T.-H., W. S. Broecker, G. G. Mathieu, Y. H. Li, and A. E. Bainbridge (1979), Radon evasion rates in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans as determined during the GEOSECS program, J. Geophys. Res., 84 2471-2486.
    • (1979) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.84 , pp. 2471-2486
    • Peng, T.-H.1    Broecker, W.S.2    Mathieu, G.G.3    Li, Y.H.4    Bainbridge, A.E.5
  • 65
    • 0030115531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface slick occurrence in the open sea (Mediterranean, Red Sea, Indian Ocean) in relation to wind speed
    • Romano, J.-C. (1996), Surface slick occurrence in the open sea (Mediterranean, Red Sea, Indian Ocean) in relation to wind speed, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 43, 411-423.
    • (1996) Deep Sea Res. , vol.43 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 411-423
    • Romano, J.-C.1
  • 66
    • 85040242535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the investigation of statistical properties of the micro turbulence at the ocean surface
    • Geophys. Monogr. Ser., edited by M. A. Donelan et al., AGU, Washington, D. C
    • Schimpf, U., B. Jähne, and H. Haußecker (2002), On the investigation of statistical properties of the micro turbulence at the ocean surface, in Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 127, edited by M. A. Donelan et al., pp. 51-57, AGU, Washington, D. C.
    • (2002) Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces , vol.127 , pp. 51-57
    • Schimpf, U.1    Jähne, B.2    Haußecker, H.3
  • 67
    • 7244250179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of transport processes across the sea-surface microlayer by infrared imagery
    • doi:10.1029/2003JC001803, in press
    • Schimpf, U., C. Garbe, and B. Jähne (2004), Investigation of transport processes across the sea-surface microlayer by infrared imagery, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C08S13, doi:10.1029/2003JC001803, in press.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Schimpf, U.1    Garbe, C.2    Jähne, B.3
  • 68
    • 0015473657 scopus 로고
    • The influence of surface-active contamination on the initiation of wind waves
    • Scott, J. C. (1972), The influence of surface-active contamination on the initiation of wind waves, J. Fluid Mech., 56, 591-606.
    • (1972) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.56 , pp. 591-606
    • Scott, J.C.1
  • 69
    • 0016507546 scopus 로고
    • The preparation of water for surface-clean fluid mechanics
    • Scott, J. C. (1975), The preparation of water for surface-clean fluid mechanics, J. Fluid Mech., 69, 339-351.
    • (1975) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.69 , pp. 339-351
    • Scott, J.C.1
  • 70
    • 0035398860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous particle image velocimetry and infrared imagery of microscale breaking waves
    • Siddiqui, M. H. K., M. R. Loewen, C. Richardson, W. E. Asher, and A. T. Jessup (2001), Simultaneous particle image velocimetry and infrared imagery of microscale breaking waves, Phys. Fluids, 13, 1891-1903.
    • (2001) Phys. Fluids , vol.13 , pp. 1891-1903
    • Siddiqui, M.H.K.1    Loewen, M.R.2    Richardson, C.3    Asher, W.E.4    Jessup, A.T.5
  • 71
    • 18544407443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coherent structures beneath wind waves and their influence on air-water gas transfer
    • doi:10.1029/2002JC001559
    • Siddiqui, M. H. K., M. R. Loewen, W. E. Asher, and A. T. Jessup (2004), Coherent structures beneath wind waves and their influence on air-water gas transfer, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C03024, doi:10.1029/2002JC001559.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Siddiqui, M.H.K.1    Loewen, M.R.2    Asher, W.E.3    Jessup, A.T.4
  • 72
    • 0014837210 scopus 로고
    • Influence of surface turbulence and surfactants on gas transport through liquid interfaces
    • Springer, T. G., and R. L. Pigford (1970), Influence of surface turbulence and surfactants on gas transport through liquid interfaces, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 9, 458-465.
    • (1970) Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. , vol.9 , pp. 458-465
    • Springer, T.G.1    Pigford, R.L.2
  • 76
    • 0025834828 scopus 로고
    • Sulfur hexafluoride and He-3 as seawater tracers - Deployment techniques and continuous underway analysis for sulfur hexafluoride
    • Upstill-Goddard, R. C., A. J. Watson, J. Wood, and M. I. Liddicoat (1991), Sulfur hexafluoride and He-3 as seawater tracers-Deployment techniques and continuous underway analysis for sulfur hexafluoride, Anal. Chim. Acta, 249, 555-562.
    • (1991) Anal. Chim. Acta , vol.249 , pp. 555-562
    • Upstill-Goddard, R.C.1    Watson, A.J.2    Wood, J.3    Liddicoat, M.I.4
  • 77
    • 0035841427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiments on the stability and transition of wind-driven water surfaces
    • Veron, F., and W. K. Melville (2001), Experiments on the stability and transition of wind-driven water surfaces, J. Fluid Mech., 446, 25-65.
    • (2001) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.446 , pp. 25-65
    • Veron, F.1    Melville, W.K.2
  • 78
    • 0030772866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation of CDOM and DOC in the Middle Atlantic Bight: Terrestrial inputs and photooxidation
    • Vodacek, A., N. V. Blough, M. D. DeGrandpre, E. T. Peltzer, and R. K. Nelson (1997), Seasonal variation of CDOM and DOC in the Middle Atlantic Bight: Terrestrial inputs and photooxidation, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42 674-686.
    • (1997) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.42 , pp. 674-686
    • Vodacek, A.1    Blough, N.V.2    DeGrandpre, M.D.3    Peltzer, E.T.4    Nelson, R.K.5
  • 79
    • 0026446585 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean
    • Wanninkhof, R. (1992), Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7373-7382.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 7373-7382
    • Wanninkhof, R.1
  • 80
    • 0032735098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cubic relationship between gas transfer and wind speed
    • Wanninkhof R., and W. R. McGillis (1999), A cubic relationship between gas transfer and wind speed, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1889-1893.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 1889-1893
    • Wanninkhof, R.1    McGillis, W.R.2
  • 83
    • 0034945282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microscale breaking and air-water gas transfer
    • Zappa, C. J., W. E. Asher, and A. T. Jessup (2001), Microscale breaking and air-water gas transfer, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 9385-9391.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 9385-9391
    • Zappa, C.J.1    Asher, W.E.2    Jessup, A.T.3
  • 84
    • 84899688641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of microscale wave breaking on air-water gas transfer
    • Geophys. Monogr. Ser., edited by M. A. Donelan et al., AGU, Washington, D. C
    • Zappa, C. J., W. E. Asher, A. T. Jessup, J. Klinke, and S. R. Long (2002), Effect of microscale wave breaking on air-water gas transfer, in Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 127, edited by M. A. Donelan et al., pp. 23-29, AGU, Washington, D. C.
    • (2002) Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces , vol.127 , pp. 23-29
    • Zappa, C.J.1    Asher, W.E.2    Jessup, A.T.3    Klinke, J.4    Long, S.R.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.