Blood pressure measurement: We should all do it better!

Netherlands Journal of Medicine

Volumn 62, Issue 8, 2004, Pages 297-303

  Netea, R T ^a   Thien, Th ^a  

^a RADBOUD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANATOMICAL VARIATION; ANXIETY; BLADDER; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BODY POSTURE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE; ORGAN SIZE; OSCILLOMETRY; PAIN; PATIENT POSITIONING; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; REST; REVIEW; SEASONAL VARIATION; SMOKING HABIT; SPHYGMOMANOMETER; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; CLINICAL COMPETENCE; HUMANS; SPHYGMOMANOMETERS; STETHOSCOPES;

EID: 7244221530     PISSN: 03002977     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (94)

1. Messerli FH, White WB, Staessen JA. If only cardiologists did properly measure blood pressure. Blood pressure recordings in daily practice and clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:2201-3.
2. Grim CM, Grim CE. Manual blood pressure measurement - still the gold standard. In: Weber MA, editor Hypertension Medicine. New Jersey: Humana Press Inc, 2001:131-145.
3. Grim CM, Grim CE. A curriculum for the training and certification of blood pressure measurements for health care providers. Can J Cardiol 1995;11(Suppl. H):38H-42H.
4. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo LJ, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. JAMA 2003;289:2560-72.
5. European Society of Hypertension - European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2003;21:1011-53.
6. Practice Guidelines For Primary Care Physicians: 2003 ESH/ESC Hypertension Guidelines. J Hypertens 2003;21:1779-86.
7. Williams B, Poulter N, Brown M, Davis M, McInnes G, Potter J, et al. British Hypertension Society guidelines for hypertension management 2004 (BHS-IV). [Summary]. BMJ 2004;328:634-40.
8. Bakx JC, Netea RT, Hoogen HJM van den, Oerlemans G, Dijk R van, Bosch WJHM van den, et al. The influence of a rest period on blood pressure measurement. Huisarts Wetenschap 1999;42:53-6.
9. Loo JM van, Peer PG, Thien TA. Twenty-five minutes between blood-pressure readings: the influence on prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens 1986;4:631-5.
10. Shimada K, Ogura H, Sadakane N, Kawamoto A, Matsubayashi K, Ozawa T. Differences within visit blood pressure changes in outpatient clinic. Hypertension 1987;10:465-6.
11. Mancia G, Casadei R, Groppelli A, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effect of stress on diagnosis of hypertension. Hypertension 1991;4(suppl.3):56-62.
12. Armitage P, Rose GA. The variability of casual blood pressure. Clin Sci 1966;30:325-35.
13. Puddey IB, Jenner DA, Beilin LJ, Vandongen R. Alcohol consumption, age and personality characteristics as important determinants of within-subject variability in blood pressure. J Hypertens 1988;6(Suppl 4):S617-9.
14. World Health Organization - International Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension. J Hypertens 1999;17:151-83.
15. Clark LA, Denby L, Pregibon D, Harshfield GA, Pickering TG, Blank S, et al. A quantitative analysis of the effect of activity and time of the day on the diurnal variations of blood pressure. J Chronic Dis 1987;40:671-9.
16. Sternberg H, Rosenthal T, Shaniss A, Green M. Altered circadian rhythm of blood pressure in shift workers. J Hum Hypertens 1995;9:349-53.
17. Casiglia E, Palatini P, Colangeli G, Ginocchio G, Di Menza G, Onesto C, et al. 24 h rhythm of blood pressure and forearm peripheral resistance in normotensive and hypertensive subjects confined to bed. J Hypertens 1996;14:47-52.
18. Veerman DP, Montfrans GA van, Wieling W. Effects of cuff inflation on self-recorded blood pressure. Lancet 1990;335:451-3.
19. Fujiwara T, Kawamura M, Nakajima J, Adachi T, Hiramori K. Seasonal differences in diurnal blood pressure of hypertensive patients living in a stable environmental temperature. J Hypertens 1995;13:1747-52.
20. Cheung AK, Yan G, Greene T, Daugirdas JT, Dwyer JT, Levin NW, et al. Seasonal variations in clinical and laboratory variables among chronic hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002;13:2345-52.
21. Minami J, Kawano Y, Ishimitsu T, Yoshimi H, Takishita S. Seasonal variations in office, home and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1996;14:1421-5.
22. Andersen UO, Henriksen JH, Jensen G, Copenhagen C, Heart Study Group. Sources of measurement variation in blood pressure in large-scale epidemiological surveys with follow-up. Blood Press 2002;11:357-65.
23. Prasad GV, Nash MM, Zaltzman JS. Seasonal variation in outpatient blood pressure in stable renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 2001;72:1792-4.
24. Brueren MM, Schouten BJ, Schouten HJA, Weel C van, Leeuw PW de, Ree JW van. No relevant seasonal influences on office and ambulatory blood pressure. Data from a study in borderline hypertensive primary care patients. Am J Hypertens 1998;11:602-5.
25. Kristal-Boneh E, Harari G, Green M, Ribak J. Body mass index is associated with differential seasonal change in ambulatory blood pressure level. Am J Hypertens 1996;9:1179-85.
26. Pickering TG. Blood pressure monitoring outside the office for the evaluation of patients with resistant hypertension. Hypertension 1988;11 (Suppl II):96-100.
27. Pickering TG. Blood pressure measurement and detection of hypertension. Lancet 1994;344:31-5.
28. Mancia, G, Parati G, Pomidossi G. Alerting reaction and rise in blood pressure during measurement by physician and nurse. Hypertension 1987;9:209-15.
29. Brand HS. Cardiovascular responses in patients and dentists during dental treatment. Int Dent J 1999;49:60-6.
30. Brand HS, Gortzak RA, Palmer-Bouva CC, Abraham RE, Abraham-Inpijn L. Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses during acute stress induced by different types of dental treatment. Int Dent J 1995;45:45-8.
31. Funke PJ, Prabhakar NR, Hertle L, Runkel N, Dahlheim H. Plasma renin activity and cardiovascular changes in patients with chronic bladder distension. Urol Int 1982;37:363-8.
32. Ishikawa T, Sato J, Nishino T. Acute changes in bladder volume produce minimal cardio-respiratory responses in lightly anaesthetised humans. Can J Anaesth 2000;47:786-91.
33. Groppelli A, Giorgi DM, Omboni S, Parati G, Mancia G. Persistent blood pressure increase induced by heavy smoking. J Hypertens 1992;10:495-9.
34. Okubo Y, Suwazono Y, Kobayashi E, Nogawa K. An association between smoking habits and blood pressure in normotensive Japanese men: a 5-year follow-up study. Drug Alcohol Dep 2004;73:167-74.
35. Dusseldorp M van, Smits P, Lenders JW, Thien T, Katan MB. Boiled coffee and blood pressure. A 14-week controlled trial. Hypertension 1991;18:607-13.
36. Smits P, Schouten J, Thien T. Cardiovascular effects of two xanthines and the relation to adenosine antagonism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;45:593-9.
37. Dusseldorp M van, Smits P, Thien T, Katan MB. Effect of decaffeinated versus regular coffee on blood pressure. A 12-week, double-blind trial. Hypertension 1989;14:563-9.
38. Corti R, Binggeli C, Sudano I, Spieker L, Hanseler E, Ruschitzka F, et al. Coffee acutely increases sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure independently of caffeine content. Role of habitual versus nonhabitual drinking. Circulation 2002;106:2935-40.
39. Watson JM, Sherwin RS, Deary IJ, Scott L, Kerr D. Dissociation of augmented physiological, hormonal and cognitive responses to hypoglycemia with sustained caffeine use. Clin Sci 2003;104:447-54.
40. Smith NL, Psaty BM, Rutan GH, Lumley T, Yanez D, Chaves PHM, et al. The association between time since last meal and blood pressure in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:824-8.
41. Westenend M, Lenders WM, Thien T. The course of blood pressure after a meal: a difference between young and elderly subjects. J Hypertens 1985;3(suppl 3):S417-9.
42. Lipsitz LA. Orthostatic hypotension in the elderly. N Engl J Med 1989;321:952-7.
43. Lipsitz L, Nyquist R, Wei J, Rowe J. Postprandial reduction in blood pressure in elderly. N Engl J Med 1983;309:81-3.
44. Potter JF, Watson RDS, Skan W, Beevers DC. The pressor and metabolic effects of alcohol in normotensive subjects. Hypertension 1986;8:625-31.
45. Petrie JC, O'Brien ET, Littler WA, Swiet M de. Recommendations on blood pressure measurement. BMJ 1986;293:611-5.
46. American Society of Hypertension recommendations for routine blood pressure measurement by indirect cuff sphygmomanometry. Am J Hypertens 1992;5:207-9.
47. Perloff D, Grim C, Flack J, et al. Human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometry. Circulation 1993;88:2460-70.
48. Campbell NRC, Chockalingam A, Fodor JC, McKay DW. Accurate, reproducible measurement of blood pressure. Can Med Assoc J 1990;143:19-24.
49. Haynes RB, Birkett NJ. Tips on measuring blood pressure in adults. Hypertens Canada 1984;3.
50. Dewar R, Sykes D, Mulkerrin E, Nicklason F, Thomas D, Seymour R. The effect of hemiplegia on blood pressure measurement in the elderly. Postgrad Med J 1992;68:888-91.
51. O'Brien E, Petrie J, Littler W, Swiet M de, Padfield PL, O'Malley K, et al. The British Hypertension Society protocol for the evaluation of automated and semi-automated blood pressure measuring devices with special reference to ambulatory systems. J Hypertens 1990;8:607-19.
52. Stewart MJ, Gough K, Padfield PL. The accuracy of automated blood pressure measuring devices in patients with controlled atrial fibrillation. J Hypertens 1995;13:297-300.
53. Imai Y, Abe K, Sasaki S, Minami N, Munakata M, Sakuma H, et al. Clinical evaluation of semiautomatic and automatic devices for home blood pressure measurement: comparison between cuff, oscillometric and microphone methods. J Hypertens 1989;7:983-90.
54. Bailey H, Bauer JH. Review of common errors in the indirect measurement of blood pressure. Sphygmomanometry. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:2741-8.
55. Bruce NG, Shaper G, Walker M, Wannamethee G. Observer bias in blood pressure studies. J Hypertens 1988;6:375-80.
56. Nielsen PE, Oxenboll B, Astvad K, Gyntelberg F. Auscultatory measurement of blood pressure performed by the doctor on duty. Acta Med Scand 1975;198:35-7.
57. O'Brien ET, O'Malley K. ABC of blood pressure measurement. The observer. BMJ 1979;2:775-6.
58. Hla KM, Vokaty KA, Feussner JR. Observer error in systolic blood pressure measurement in the elderly. A case for automatic recorders? Arch Intern Med 1986;146:2373-6.
59. Stewart MJ, Padfield PL. Measurement of blood pressure in the technological age. Br Med Bull 1994;50:420-42.
60. Chapman JM, Clark VA, Coulson AH, Browning GG. Problems of measurement in blood pressure surveys. Inter-observer differences in blood pressure determinations. Am J Epidemiol 1966;84:483-94.
61. Villegas I, Arias IC, Botero A, Escobar A. Evaluation of the technique used by health-care workers for taking blood pressure. Hypertension 1995;26:1204-6.
62. Neufeld PD, Johnson DL. Observer error in blood pressure measurement. CMAJ 1986;132:633-7.
63. Stoneking HT, Hla KM, Samsa PG, Feussner JR. Blood pressure measurement in the nursing home: are they accurate? Gerontologist 1992;32:536-40.
64. Campbell NRC, McKay DW, Chockalingam A, Fodor JG. Errors in assessment of blood pressure: blood pressure measuring technique. Can J Pub Health 1994;85 (Suppl 2):S18-21.
65. Kaplan N. Measurement of blood pressure. Kaplan's Clinical Hypertension. 8th edition Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002:25-55.
66. Canzanello VJ, Jensen PL, Schwartz GL. Are aneroid sphygmomanometers accurate in hospital and clinical settings? Arch Intern Med 2001;161:729-31.
67. Jones CR, Khanna M, Rushbrook J, Poston L, Shennan AH. Are aneroid devices suitable replacements for mercury sphygmomanometer [abstract]. J Hum Hypertens 2000;14:843.
68. Vervoort G, Wetzels JF, Lutterman JA, Berden JH, Thien T, Smits P. The impact of blood pressure measurement methods on the amount of differences in blood pressure levels between patients with normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetes and healthy controls. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13:117-22.
69. Bakx C, Oerlemans G, Hoogen H van den, Weel C van, Thien T. The influence of cuff size on blood pressure measurement. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11:439-45.
70. O'Brien E. Review: a century of confusion; which bladder for accurate blood pressure measurement? J Hum Hypertens 1996;10:565-72.
71. World Health Organisation (WHO/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension. J Hypertens 2003;21:1983-92.
72. Guidelines for the management of mild hypertension: Memorandum from a WHO/ISH Meeting. Hypertension 1993;22:392-403.
73. Ramsay L, Williams B, Johnston G, MacGregor G, Poston L, Potter J, et al. Guidelines for the management of hypertension: report of the third working party of the British Hypertension Society. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13:569-92.
74. Terent A, Breig-Asberg E. Epidemiological perspective of body position and arm level in blood pressure measurement. Blood Press 1994;3:156-63.
75. Kahn MH. The position of the arm in blood pressure measurement. Am J Med Sci 1919;158:823-9.
76. Merendino J, Finnerty FA. Importance of the position of the arm on the level of arterial blood pressure. JAMA 1961;175:51-3.
77. Mitchell PL, Parlin RW, Blackburn H. Effect of vertical displacement of the arm on indirect blood pressure measurement. N Engl J Med 1964;271:72-4.
78. Webster J, Newnham D, Petrie JK, Lovell HG. Influence of arm position on measurement of blood pressure. BMJ 1984;288:1574-5.
79. Mariotti G, Alli C, Avanzini F, Canciani C, Di Tullio M, Manzini M, et al. Arm position as a source of error in blood pressure measurement. Clin Cardiol 1987;10:591-3.
80. Parr GD, Poole PH. Effects of sphygmomanometer type and position of the arm on blood pressure measurement. J Hum Hypertens 1988;2:153-6.
81. Ljungvall P, Thorvinger B, Thulin T. The influence of a heart level pillow on the result of blood pressure measurement. J Hum Hypertens 1989;3:471-4.
82. Netea RT, Bijlstra PJ, Lenders JWM, Smits P, Thien T. Influence of the arm position on intra-arterial blood pressure measurement. J Hum Hypertens 1998;12:157-60.
83. Netea RT, Lenders JWM, Smits P, Thien T. The arm position is important for blood pressure measurement. J Hum Hypertens 1999;12:157-60.
84. Steen MS van der, Pleijers AMLJ, Lenders JWM, Thien T. Influence of different supine body positions on blood pressure: consequences for night blood pressure/dipper-status. J Hypertens 2000;18:1731-6.
85. Cavelaars M, Tulen JHM, Man in 't Veld AJ, Gelsema ES, van den Meiracker AH. Assessment of body position to quantify its effect on nocturnal blood pressure under ambulatory conditions. J Hypertens 2000;18:1737-43.
86. Parati G. Blood pressure reduction at night: sleep and beyond. J Hypertens 2000;18:1725-9.
87. Netea RT, Elving LD, Lutterman JA, Thien T. Body position and blood pressure measurement in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Intern Med 2002;251:393-9.
88. Jamieson JM, Webster J, Philips S, Jeffers AT, Scott AK, Robb OJ, et al. The measurement of blood pressure sitting or supine, once or twice? J Hypertens 1990;8:653-60.
89. Carel RS, Silverberg DS, Shoenfeld Y, Eldar M, Snir C, Mor G. Changes in blood pressure in the lying and sitting positions in normotensive, borderline and hypertensive subjects. Am J Med Sci 1983;285:2-11.
90. Turjanmaa MHV, Kalli TS, Uusitalo AJ. Blood pressure level changes caused by posture change and physical exercise: can they be determined accurately using a standard cuff method? J Hypertens 1988;6 (Suppl Dec):S79-S81.
91. Zachariah PK, Sheps GS, Moore AG. Office blood pressures in supine, sitting and standing positions: correlation with ambulatory blood pressures. Int J Cardiol 1990;28:353-60.
92. Netea RT, Smits P, Lenders JWM, Thien T. Does it matter whether blood pressure measurements are taken with patients sitting or supine? J Hypertens 1998;16:263-8.
93. Netea RT, Lenders JWM, Smits P, Thien T. Both body and arm position significantly influence the blood pressure measurement. J Hum Hypertens 2003;17:459-62.
94. Kaplan NM, Lieberman E. Measurement of blood pressure. Clinical hypertension. Seventh ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1998:19-39.