Sources and wet deposition fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an urban site 1000 meters high in central Anatolia (Turkey)

Environmental Forensics

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 286-298

  Gaga, Eftade O ^a   Tuncel, Gürdal ^a   Tuncel, Semra G ^a  

^a MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Deposition; Flux; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Rain water; Ventilation coefficient

Indexed keywords

EID: 72249119077     PISSN: 15275922     EISSN: 15275930     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15275920903347594     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Azimi, S., Rocher, V., Muller, M., Moilleron, R., and Thevenot, D. R. 2005. Sources, distribution and variability of hydrocarbons and metals in atmospheric deposition in an urban area (Paris, France). Science of the Total Environment 337:223-239.
2. Carrera, G., Fernandez, P., Vilanova, R., and Grimalt, J. O.1998. Analysis of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine compounds in atmospheric residues by solid-phase disk extraction. Journal of Chromatography A 823:189-196.
3. Chang, K.-F., Fang, G.-C., Chen, J.-C, and Wu, Y.-S. 2006. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Asia: A review from 1999-2004. Environmental Pollution 142:388-396.
4. Czuczwa, J., Leuenberger, C., and Giger, W. 1988. Seasonal and temporal changes of organic compounds in rain and snow. Atmospheric Environment 225:907-916.
5. Garban, B., Blanchoud, H., Motelay-Massei, A., Chevreuil, M., and Ollivon, D. 2002. Atmospheric bulk deposition of PAHs onto France: Trends from urban to remote sites. Atmospheric Environment 36:5395-5403.
6. Genç, D. D. 2005. Short and Long-Term Variations in the Concentrations of Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants in Ankara and Assessment of Traffic Contribution. Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
7. Gigliotti, C. L., Totten, L. A., Offenberg, J. H., et al. 2005. Atmospheric concentrations and deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the Mid-Atlantic East Coast Region. Environmental Science and Technology 39:5550-5559.
8. Godish, T. 2004. Air Quality, 4th ed.: Lewis Publishers, CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL.
9. Golomb, D., Barry, E., Fisher, G., Varanusupakul, P., Koleda, M., and Rooney, T. 2001. Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons near New England coastal waters. Atmospheric Environment 35:6245-6258.
10. Goyal, P., Anand, S., and Gera, B. S. 2006. Assimilative capacity and pollutant dispersion studies for Gangtok city. Atmospheric Environment 40:1671-1682.
11. Grynkiewicz, M., Polkowska, Z., and Namiesnik, J. 2002. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bulk precipitation and runoff waters in an urban region (Poland). Atmospheric Environment 36:361-369.
12. Gupta, A. K., Patil, R. S., and Gupta, S. K. 2003. Air pollution potential indices in a coastal region in India. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 19:430-441.
13. Halsall, C. J., Sweetman, A. J., Barries, L. A., and Jones, K. C. 2001. Modelling the behaviour of PAHs during atmospheric transport from the UK to the Arctic. Atmospheric Environment 35:255-267.
14. Harrison,R.M.,Smith,D.J.T.,andLuhana,L.1996. Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham, U. K. Environmental Science and Technology 30:825-832.
15. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1984. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, vol. 34. Lyon, France: IARC.
16. Khalili, N. R. 1995. PAH fingerprints for coke ovens, diesel and gasoline engines, highway tunnels and wood combustion emissions. Atmospheric Environment 29:533-542.
17. Kiss, G., Varga-Puchony, Z., Tolnai, B., et al. 2001. The seasonal changes in the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in precipitation and aerosol near Lake Balaton, Hungary. Environmental Pollution 114:53-61.
18. Krishna, T. V. B. P. S. R., Reddy, M. K., Reddy, R. C., and Singh, R. N. 2004. Assimilative capacity and dispersion of pollutants due to industrial sources in Visakhapatnam bowl area. Atmospheric Environment 38:6775-6787.
19. Kuntasal Ö. O. 2005. Temporal Variations and Sources of Organic Pollutants in Two Urban Atmospheres: Ankara and Ottawa. Doctoral thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
20. Leuenberger, C., Czuczwa, J., Heyerdahl, E., and Giger, W.1988. Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban rain, snow and fog. Atmospheric Environment 22:695-705.
21. Manoli, E., Samara, C., Konstantinou, I., and Albanis, T. 2000. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the bulk precipitation and surface waters of Northern Greece. Chemosphere 41:1845-1855.
22. Mastral, A. M., López, J. M., Callén, M. S., Garcia, T., Murillo, R., and Navarro, M. V. 2003. Spatial and temporal PAH concentrations in Zaragoza, Spain. Science of the Total Environment 307:111-124.
23. Menichini, E., Lacovella, N., Monfredini, F., and Turrio-Baldassarini, L. 2007. Atmospheric pollution by PAHs, PCDD/Fs and PCBs simultane-ously collected at a regional background site in central Italy and at an urban site in Rome. Chemosphere 69:422-434.
24. Moon, H. B., Kannan, K., Lee, S. J., and Ok, G. 2006. Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urban and a suburban area of Korea from 2002 to 2004. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 51:494-502.
25. Motelay-Massei, A., Ollivon, D., Garban, B., and Chevreuil, M. 2003. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bulk deposition at a suburban site: Assessment by principal component analysis of the influence of meteorological parameters. Atmospheric Environment 37:3135-3146.
26. Motelay-Massei, A., Ollivon, D., Garban, B., Tiphagne-Larcher, K., Zimmerlin, I., and Chevreuil, M. 2007. PAHs in the bulk atmospheric deposition of the Seine river basin: Source identification and apportion-ment by ratios, multivariate statistical techniques and scanning electron microscopy. Chemosphere 67:312-321.
27. Olivella, M. A. 2006. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rainwater and surface waters of Lake Maggiore, a subalpine lake in Northern Italy. Chemosphere 63:116-131.
28. Ollivon, D., Blanchoud, H., Motelay-Massei, A., and Garban, B. 2002. Atmospheric deposition of PAHs to an urban site,Paris,France.Atmospheric Environment 36:2891-2900.
29. Park, J. S, Wade, T. L., and Sweet, S. 2001. Atmospheric distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and deposition to Galveston Bay, Texas, USA. Atmospheric Environment 35:3241-3249.
30. Park, J. S., Wade, T. L., Sweet, S. T. 2002. Atmospheric deposition of PAHs, PCBs, and organochlorine pesticides to Corpus Christi Bay, Texas. Atmospheric Environment 36:1707-1720.
31. Pekey, B., Karakaş, D., and Ayberk, A. 2007. Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Izmit Bay, Turkey. Chemosphere 67:537-547.
32. Prevedouros, K., Jones, K. C., and Sweetman, A. J. 2004. Modeling the atmospheric fate and seasonality of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the UK. Chemosphere 56:195-208.
33. Nair, V. S., Moorthy, K. K., Alappattu, D. P., et al. 2007. Wintertime aerosol characteristics over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP): Impacts of local boundary layer processes and long-range transport. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 112:D13205.
34. Rao, S. T., Ku, J. Y., Berman S., Zhang K.S., andMao H.T. 2003. Summertime characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer and relationships to ozone levels over the eastern United States. Pure and Applied Geophysics 160:21-55
35. Rogge, W. F., Hiklemann, L. M., Mazurek, M. A., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit, B. R. T. 1993. Sources of fine organic aerosol. 2. Noncatalyst and catalyst-equipped automobiles and heavy-duty diesel trucks. Environmental Science and Technology 27:653-651.
36. Safai, P. D., Kewat, S., Praveen, P. S., et al. 2007. Seasonal variation of black carbon aerosols over a tropical urban city of Pune, India. Atmospheric Environment 41:2699-2709.
37. Sahu, S. K., Pandit, G. G., and Sadasivan, S. 2004. Precipitation scavenging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mumbai, India. Science of the Total Environment 318:245-249.
38. Simcik, M. F., Eisenreich, S. J., and Lioy, P. J. 1999. Source apportionment and source/sink relationships of PAHs in the coastal atmosphere of Chicago and Lake Michigan. Atmospheric Environment 33:5071-5079.
39. Soclo, H. H., Garrigues, P. H., and Ewald, M. 2000. Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal marine sediments: Case studies in Cotonou (Benin) and Aquitaine (France) areas. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40:387-396.
40. State Meteorological Service, 2007. http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/yillik-toplam-yagis-verileri.aspx?m=ankara
41. Sun, P., Backus, S., Blanchard, P., and Hites, R. A. 2006. Annual variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in precipitation collected near the Great Lakes. Environmental Science and Technology 40:696-701.
42. Terzi, E., and Samara, C. 2004. Gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban, adjacent coastal, and continental background sites of western Greece. Environmental Science and Technology 38:4973-4978.
43. Tsapakis, M., Apostolaki, M., Eisenreich, S., and Stephanou, E. G. 2006. Atmospheric deposition and marine sedimentation fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin. Environmental Science and Technology 40:4922-4927.
44. Yatin, M., Tuncel, S., Aras, N. K., Olmez, I., Aygun, S., and Tuncel, G. 2000. Atmospheric trace elements in Ankara, Turkey: 1. Factors affecting chemical composition of fine particles. Atmospheric Environment 34:1305-1318.
45. Zedeck, M. S. 1980. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A review. Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology 3:537-567.
46. Zhang, S., Zhang, W., Wang, K., Shen, Y., Hu, L., and Wang, X. 2009. Concentration, distribution and source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the southeast suburb of Beijing, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 151:197-207.
47. Zuo, Q., Duan, Y. H., Yang, Y., Wang, X. J., and Tao, S. 2007. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil in Tianjin, China. Environmental Pollution 147:303-310.