Interparental conflict, parenting, and childhood depression in a diverse urban population: The role of general cognitive style

Journal of Youth and Adolescence

Volumn 39, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 12-22

  O'Donnell, Ellen H ^a,b   Moreau, Melissa ^a   Cardemil, Esteban V ^a   Pollastri, Alisha ^a  

^a CLARK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Child depression; Cognitive style; Interparental conflict; Parenting

Indexed keywords

EID: 72249114085     PISSN: 00472891     EISSN: 15736601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-008-9357-9     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Abramson, L. Y., Alloy, L. B., & Metalsky, G. I. (1988). The cognitive diathesis-stress theories of depression: Toward an adequate evaluation of the theories' validities. In L. B. Alloy (Ed.), Cognitive processes in depression (pp. 3-30). New York: Guilford Press.
2. Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. T. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49-74. doi: 10. 1037/0021-843X. 87. 1. 49.
3. Almeida, D. M., Wethington, E., & Chandler, A. L. (1999). Daily transmission of tensions between marital dyads and parent-child dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 49-61. doi: 10. 2307/353882.
4. Barber, B. K., Stolz, H. E., & Olsen, J. A. (2005). Parental support, psychological control, and behavioral control: Assessing relevance across time, culture, and method. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 70(4), 1-137. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1540-5834. 2005. 00365. x.
5. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 51. 6. 1173.
6. Bradford, K., Burns Vaughn, L., & Barber, B. K. (2008). When there is conflict: Interparental conflict, parent-child conflict, and youth problem behaviors. Journal of Family Issues, 29(6), 780-805. doi: 10. 1177/0192513X07308043.
7. Brody, G., Arias, I., & Fincham, F. (1996). Linking marital and child attributions to family processes and parent-child relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 408-421. doi: 10. 1037/0893-3200. 10. 4. 408.
8. Buehler, C., & Gerard, J. M. (2002). Marital conflict, ineffective parenting, and children's and adolescents' maladjustment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 64, 78-92. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1741-3737. 2002. 00078. x.
9. Buehler, C., Krishnakumar, A., Stone, G., Anthony, C., Pemberton, S., Gerard, J., et al. (1998). Interparental conflict styles and youth problem behavior: A two-sample replication study. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, 119-132. doi: 10. 2307/353446.
10. Bulcroft, R. A., Carmody, D. C., & Bulcroft, K. A. (1996). Patterns of parental independence giving to adolescents: Variations by race, age, and gender of the child. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 866-883. doi: 10. 2307/353976.
11. Burman, B. U., John, R. S., & Margolin, G. (1987). Effects of marital and parent-child relations on children's adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 1, 91-108.
12. Cardemil, E. V., O'Donnell, E. H., Esposito-Smythers, C., D'eramo, K., Derrick, B., & Spirito, A. (2008). Depressive symptoms in low-income, urban fifth and sixth graders: Contextual and cognitive factors (submitted).
13. Cardemil, E. V., Reivich, K. J., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). The prevention of depressive symptoms in low-income minority middle-school students. Prevention & Treatment, 5(8). http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume5/pre0050008a.html.
14. Conley, C. S., Haines, B. A., Hilt, L. M., & Metalsky, G. I. (2001). The children's attributional style interview: Developmental tests of cognitive diathesis-stress theories of depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29(5), 445-463. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1010451604161.
15. Cox, M. J., Paley, B., & Harter, K. (2001). Interparental conflict and parent-child relationships. Interparental conflict and child development. NY: Cambridge University Press.
16. Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2002). Effects of marital conflict on children: Recent advances and emerging themes in process-oriented research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 43(1), 31-63. doi: 10. 1111/1469-7610. 00003.
17. Cummings, E. M., Davies, P. T., & Campbell, S. B. (2000). Developmental psychopathology and family process: Theory, research and clinical implications. NY: Guilford Publications, Inc.
18. Dadds, M. R., Atkinson, E., Turner, C., Blums, G. J., & Lendich, B. (1999). Family conflict and child adjustment: Evidence for a cognitive-contextual model of intergenerational transmission. Journal of Family Psychology, 13, 194-208. doi: 10. 1037/0893-3200. 13. 2. 194.
19. Davies, P., & Windle, M. (2001). Interparental discord and adolescent adjustment trajectories: The potentiating and protective role of intrapersonal attitudes. Child Development, 72, 1163-1178. doi: 10. 1111/1467-8624. 00340.
20. Dumka, L. E., Roosa, M. W., & Jackson, K. M. (1997). Risk, conflict, mothers' parenting, and children's adjustment in low-income, Mexican immigrant, and Mexican American families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 309-323. doi: 10. 2307/353472.
21. DuRant, R., Getts, A., Cadenhead, C., Emans, S., & Woods, E. (1995). Exposure to violence and victimization and depression, hopelessness, and purpose in life among adolescents living in and around public housing. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 16, 233-237. doi: 10. 1097/00004703-199508000-00004.
22. Emery, R. E. (1982). Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 310-330. doi: 10. 1037/0033-2909. 92. 2. 310.
23. Emery, R. E. (1988). Marriage, divorce, and children's adjustment. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
24. Erel, O., & Burman, B. (1995). Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent-child relations: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 108-132. doi: 10. 1037/0033-2909. 118. 1. 108.
25. Fauber, R., Forehand, R., Thomas, A. M., & Wierson, M. (1990). A mediational model of the impact of marital conflict on adolescent adjustment in intact and divorced families: The role of disrupted parenting. Child Development, 61, 1112-1123. doi: 10. 2307/1130879.
26. Finch, A., Conway, F., & Edwards, G. (1985). Children's depression inventory: Sex and grade norms for normal children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53(3), 424-425. doi: 10. 1037/0022-006X. 53. 3. 424.
27. Fincham, F. D., Grych, J. H., & Osborne, L. N. (1994). Does marital conflict cause child maladjustment? Directions and challenges for longitudinal research. Journal of Family Psychology, 8, 128-140. doi: 10. 1037/0893-3200. 8. 2. 128.
28. Fincham, F. D., & Osborne, L. N. (1993). Marital conflict and children: Retrospect and prospect. Clinical Psychology Review Marital conflict, 13, 75-88.
29. Formoso, D., Gonzales, N. A., & Aiken, L. S. (2000). Family conflict and children's internalizing and externalizing behavior: Protective factors. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 175-199. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1005135217449.
30. Garber, J., Robinson, N. S., & Valentiner, D. (1997). The relation between parenting and adolescent depression: Self-worth as a mediator. Journal of Adolescent Research Adolescent Socialization in Context--the Role of Connection, Regulation, and Autonomy in the Family. Part I, 12, 12-33.
31. Gerard, J. M., & Buehler, C. (1999). Multiple risk factors in the family environment and youth problem behaviors. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 343-361. doi: 10. 2307/353753.
32. Gerard, J. M., Buehler, C., Franck, K., & Anderson, O. (2005). In the eyes of the beholder: Cognitive appraisals as mediators of the association between interparental conflict and youth maladjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 19, 376-384. doi: 10. 1037/0893-3200. 19. 3. 376.
33. Gonzales, N. A., Pitts, S. C., Hill, N. E., & Roosa, M. W. (2000). A mediational model of the impact of interparental conflict on child adjustment in a multiethnic, low-income sample. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 365-379. doi: 10. 1037/0893-3200. 14. 3. 365.
34. Gray, M., & Steinberg, L. (1999). Unpacking authoritative parenting: Reassessing a multidimensional construct. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 574-587. doi: 10. 2307/353561.
35. Grolnick, W. S., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1991). Inner resources for school achievement: Motivational mediators of children's perceptions of their parents. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, 508-517. doi: 10. 1037/0022-0663. 83. 4. 508.
36. Grych, J. H. (1998). Children's appraisals of interparental conflict: Situational and contextual influences. Journal of Family Psychology, 12, 437-453. doi: 10. 1037/0893-3200. 12. 3. 437.
37. Grych, J. H., & Cardoza-Fernandez, S. (2001). Understanding the impact of interparental conflict on children: The role of social cognitive processes. Interparental conflict and child development. NY: Cambridge University Press.
38. Grych, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (1990). Marital conflict and children's adjustment: A cognitive contextual framework. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 267-290. doi: 10. 1037/0033-2909. 108. 2. 267.
39. Grych, J. H., Fincham, F. D., Jouriles, E. N., & McDonald, R. (2000). Interparental conflict and child adjustment: Testing the mediational role of appraisals in the cognitive-contextual framework. Child Development, 71, 1648-1661. doi: 10. 1111/1467-8624. 00255.
40. Grych, J. H., Harold, G. T., & Miles, C. J. (2003). A prospective investigation of appraisals as mediators of the link between interparental conflict and child adjustment. Child Development, 74, 1176-1193. doi: 10. 1111/1467-8624. 00600.
41. Grych, J. H., Seid, M., & Fincham, F. D. (1992). Assessing marital conflict from the child's perspective: The children's perception of interparental conflict scale. Child Development, 63, 558-572. doi: 10. 2307/1131346.
42. Hill, N. E., Bush, K. R., & Roosa, M. W. (2003). Parenting and family socialization strategies and children's mental health: Low-income Mexican-American and Euro-American mothers and children. Child Development, 74, 189-204. doi: 10. 1111/1467-8624. t01-1-00530.
43. Ingram, R. E., Miranda, J., & Segal, Z. V. (1998). Cognitive vulnerability to depression. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
44. Kennard, B. D., Stewart, S. M., Hughes, J. L., Patel, P. G., & Emslie, G. J. (2006). Cognitions and depressive symptoms among ethnic minority adolescents. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12, 578-591. doi: 10. 1037/1099-9809. 12. 3. 578.
45. Kistner, J. A., David-Ferdon, C. F., Lopez, C. M., & Dunkel, S. B. (2007). Ethnic and sex differences in children's depressive symptoms. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36(2), 171-181.
46. Knight, G. P., Virdin, L. M., Ocampo, K. A., & Roosa, M. (1994). An examination of the cross ethnic equivalence of measures of negative life events and mental health among Hispanic and Anglo-American children. American Journal of Community Psychology, 22(6), 767-783. doi: 10. 1007/BF02521558.
47. Kovacs, M. (1985). The children's depression inventory (CDI). Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 995-1124.
48. Krishnakumar, A., & Buehler, C. (2000). Interparental conflict and parenting behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Family Relations, 49(1), 25-44. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1741-3729. 2000. 00025. x.
49. Massachusetts Department of Education. Worcester: Enrollment/indicators. Retrieved March 6, 2006, from http://profiles.doe.mass.edu/home.asp?mode=o&so=&ot=5&o=1906&view=enr.
50. McLeod, B., Weisz, J., & Wood, J. (2007). Examining the association between parenting and childhood depression: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(8), 986-1003. doi: 10. 1016/j. cpr. 2007. 03. 001.
51. McLoyd, V., & Steinberg, L. (Eds.). (1998). Studying minority adolescents: Conceptual, methodological, and theoretical issues. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
52. Metalsky, G. I., Joiner, T. E., Hardin, T. S., & Abramson, L. Y. (1993). Depressive reactions to failure in a naturalistic setting: A test of the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 101-109. doi: 10. 1037/0021-843X. 102. 1. 101.
53. Muller, D., Judd, C. M., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2005). When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 852-863. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 89. 6. 852.
54. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Girgus, J. S., & Seligman, M. E. (1986). Learned helplessness in children: A longitudinal study of depression, achievement, and explanatory style. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(2), 435-442. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 51. 2. 435.
55. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Girgus, J. S., & Seligman, M. E. (1992). Predictors and consequences of childhood depressive symptoms: A 5-year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101(3), 405-422. doi: 10. 1037/0021-843X. 101. 3. 405.
56. Peterson, C., Bettes, B. A., & Seligman, M. E. (1985). Depressive symptoms and unprompted causal attributions: Content analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23(4), 379-382. doi: 10. 1016/0005-7967(85)90165-2.
57. Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (1984). Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: Theory and evidence. Psychological Review, 91(3), 347-374. doi: 10. 1037/0033-295X. 91. 3. 347.
58. Reinemann, D. H. S., & Teeter Ellison, P. A. (2004). The applicability of cognitive mediational and moderational models to explain children's depression inventory factor scores in urban youth. School Psychology Quarterly, 19, 231-252. doi: 10. 1521/scpq. 19. 3. 231. 40279.
59. Robinson, N. S., Garber, J., & Hilsman, R. (1995). Cognitions and stress: Direct and moderating effects on depressive versus externalizing symptoms during the junior high school transition. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104(3), 453-463. doi: 10. 1037/0021-843X. 104. 3. 453.
60. Schaefer, E. S. (1965). A configurational analysis of children's reports of parent behavior. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 16, 54-61.
61. Schludermann, E., & Schludermann, S. (1970). Replicability of factors in children's report of parent behavior (CRPBI). The Journal of Psychology, 96, 15-23.
62. Seligman, M. E., et al. (1984). Attributional style and depressive symptoms among children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93(2), 235-238. doi: 10. 1037/0021-843X. 93. 2. 235.
63. Stoneman, Z., Brody, G. H., & Burke, M. (1989). Marital quality, depression, and inconsistent parenting: Relationship with observed mother child conflict. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59, 105-117.
64. Sturge-Apple, M. L., Davies, P. T., & Cummings, E. M. (2006). Impact of hostility and withdrawal in interparental conflict on parental emotional unavailability and children's adjustment difficulties. Child Development, 77(6), 1623-1641. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2006. 00963. x.
65. Thompson, M., Kaslow, N. J., Weiss, B., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998). Children's attributional style questionnaire--revised: Psychometric examination. Psychological Assessment, 10(2), 166-170. doi: 10. 1037/1040-3590. 10. 2. 166.
66. Zimet, D. M., & Jacob, T. (2002). Influences of marital conflict on child adjustment: Review of theory and research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 4(4), 319-335. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1013595304718.